scholarly journals Personality, subjective well-being, and the serotonin 1a receptor gene in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0238663
Author(s):  
Alexander Weiss ◽  
Chihiro Yokoyama ◽  
Takuya Hayashi ◽  
Miho Inoue-Murayama
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Callithrix Jacchus ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Serotonin 1A Receptor ◽  
Common Marmosets ◽  
Do So

Studies of personality traits in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) indicate that there are five or six constructs—Sociability, Dominance, Neuroticism, Openness, and two related to Conscientiousness. The present study attempted to determine whether our earlier study of laboratory-housed individuals only yielded three—Dominance, Sociability, and Neuroticism—because of a low amount of between-subjects variance. To do so, we increased our sample size from 77 to 128. In addition, we ascertained the reliability and validity of ratings and whether polymorphisms related to the serotonin 1a receptor were associated with personality. We found Sociability, Dominance, and Negative Affect factors that resembled three domains found in previous studies, including ours. We also found an Openness and Impulsiveness factor, the latter of which bore some resemblance to Conscientiousness, and two higher-order factors, Pro-sociality and Boldness. In further analyses, we could not exclude the possibility that Pro-sociality and Boldness represented a higher-level of personality organization. Correlations between personality factors and well-being were consistent with the definitions of the factors. There were no significant associations between personality and genotype. These results suggest that common marmoset personality structure varies as a function of rearing or housing variables that have not yet been investigated systematically.

scholarly journals Personality, Subjective Well-Being, and the Serotonin 1a Receptor Gene in Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Weiss ◽  
Chihiro Yokoyama ◽  
Takuya Hayashi ◽  
Miho Inoue-Murayama
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Callithrix Jacchus ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Serotonin 1A Receptor ◽  
Emotional Instability ◽  
Common Marmosets

AbstractOf the three rating-based studies of common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) personality, one did not find domains resembling those labeled Conscientiousness or Openness. Because this discrepancy may have been partly attributable to the fact that many purported markers of Conscientiousness were excluded because of concerns about interrater reliability. We therefore followed up this study by increasing the number of common marmosets that were rated, bringing it up to 128 from 77. We also gathered the same amount of new data on subjective well-being and genetic data related to serotonin 1a receptor polymorphisms. Factor analysis revealed evidence for an Openness domain and a domain labeled “Impulsiveness” that combined low Conscientiousness and high emotional instability. The other domains included Sociability, Dominance, and Negative Affect, and resembled those found in previous studies of common marmoset personality. Correlations between these factors were higher than expected and a second-order factor analysis indicated the presence of a domain, Pro-Sociality, related to high Sociability and both low Dominance and Impulsiveness, and a domain, Boldness, related to high Openness and low Negative Affect. Further analyses could not discern the extent to which Pro-Sociality and Boldness were not artifacts, but a higher- level of personality organization in this species. Correlations between the domains and the subjective well-being measures were consistent with those found in other species and supported the construct validity of the factors. There were no reliable associations between personality and genotype. New analytic methods and larger samples may help to better understand personality in common marmosets.

scholarly journals Airway hyper-responsiveness in lipopolysaccharide-challenged common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

2013 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Curths ◽  
Judy Wichmann ◽  
Sarah Dunker ◽  
Horst Windt ◽  
Heinz-Gerd Hoymann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Lung Inflammation ◽  
Dynamic Compliance ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Callithrix Jacchus ◽  
Acute Lung Inflammation ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Common Marmosets ◽  
Safety Testing ◽  
Custom Made

Animal models with a high predictive value for human trials are needed to develop novel human-specific therapeutics for respiratory diseases. The aim of the present study was to examine lung-function parameters in marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) that can be used to detect pharmacologically or provocation-induced AHR (airway hyper-responsiveness). Therefore a custom-made lung-function device that allows application of defined aerosol doses during measurement was developed. It was hypothesized that LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-challenged marmosets show AHR compared with non-challenged healthy subjects. Invasive plethysmography was performed in 12 anaesthetized orotracheally intubated and spontaneously breathing marmosets. Pulmonary data of RL (lung resistance), Cdyn (dynamic compliance), EF50 (mid-expiratory flow), Poes (oesophageal pressure), MV (minute volume), respiratory frequency (f) and VT (tidal volume) were collected. Measurements were conducted under baseline conditions and under MCh (methacholine)-induced bronchoconstriction. The measurement was repeated with the same group of animals after induction of an acute lung inflammation by intratracheal application of LPS. PDs (provocative doses) of MCh to achieve a certain increase in RL were significantly lower after LPS administration. AHR was demonstrated in the LPS treated compared with the naïve animals. The recorded lung-function data provide ground for pre-clinical efficacy and safety testing of anti-inflammatory substances in the common marmoset, a new translational NHP (non-human primate) model for LPS-induced lung inflammation.

scholarly journals Characterization of an Epstein–Barr virus-related gammaherpesvirus from common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

2002 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 1621-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hal B. Jenson ◽  
Yasmin Ench ◽  
Yanjin Zhang ◽  
Shou-Jiang Gao ◽  
John R. Arrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Callithrix Jacchus ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Common Marmosets ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr

A gammaherpesvirus related to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV; Human herpesvirus 4) infects otherwise healthy common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Long-term culture of common marmoset peripheral blood lymphocytes resulted in outgrowth of spontaneously immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines, primarily of B cell lineage. Electron microscopy of cells and supernatants showed herpesvirus particles. There were high rates of serological cross-reactivity to other herpesviruses (68–86%), but with very low geometric mean antibody titres [1:12 to human herpesvirus 6 and 1:14 to Herpesvirus papio (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 12)]. Sequence analysis of the conserved herpesvirus DNA polymerase gene showed that the virus is a member of the lymphocryptovirus subgroup and is most closely related to a lymphocryptovirus from rhesus macaques and is closely related to EBV and Herpesvirus papio. High seroprevalence (79%, with geometric mean antibody titre of 1:110) among 28 common marmosets from two geographically distinct colonies indicated that the virus is likely present in many common marmosets in captivity. A New World primate harbouring a lymphocryptovirus suggests that this subgroup arose much earlier than previously thought.

scholarly journals Living well by letting go: Reliability and validity of a brief measure of nonattachment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Elphinstone ◽  
Baljinder K. Sahdra ◽  
Joseph Ciarrochi
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Total N ◽  
Living Well ◽  
Autonomous Regulation ◽  
Long Form ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Letting Go

There is a growing literature on nonattachment, defined as a flexible, balanced way of relating to experiences without clinging to or suppressing them. We developed a 7-item Nonattachment Scale (NAS-7) by shortening a previously validated 30-item measure (NAS; Sahdra, Shaver & Brown, 2010). NAS-7 was found to display strong psychometric properties in American and Australian samples (total N = 504), including a unidimensional factor structure and measurement invariance across different samples. The correlations of NAS-7 with other theoretically relevant constructs were virtually identical to the long-form NAS. Across different samples, NAS-7 assessed nonattachment was associated with greater autonomous regulation, self-actualization, psychological and subjective well-being, and reduced materialism and depressive symptoms. NAS-7 is a suitable alternative to the long-form NAS as it takes about half the time to complete than the long form without a substantial loss of information.

scholarly journals Operational Model and Tools for Studying Subjective Well-Being of Orphans and Children Without Parental Care

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
V.N. Oslon ◽  
G.V. Semya ◽  
L.M. Prokopeva ◽  
U.V. Kolesnikova
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
General Level ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Operational Model ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
High Statistical Significance ◽  
Institutional Experience

The article presents the rationale for the theoretical construct ‘subjective well-being of orphans’, its operational model, as well as the reliability and validity of a specially designed standardized interview (SI) for measuring and assessing both the general level of subjective well-being and its specific areas (SWB).The subjective well-being of a child is viewed from the position of his/her satisfaction with the ‘system of own attitudes’ to himself, to others, to the environment, to his/her ‘chronotope’.The operational assessment model built on its basis included 10 domains that built the basis of SI. The tool was tested on a sample of 498 orphanage residents aged 13 to 17 years. Its reliability, internal consistency, correctness and validity have been proven: meaningful, constructive (Cronbach’s coefficient “α” α k = 0.741); convergent (at the level of high statistical significance, SI indicators correlate with the method of M. Rosenberg, as well as with the results of the “Vi ability” test (Osin E.N., Rasskazova E.I., screening version); criterial (correlation analysis revealed the stable relationships between indicators of subjective well-being and institutional experience (r = 0.017, p = 0.702).

scholarly journals If, Why, and When Subjective Well-Being Influences Health, and Future Needed Research

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Francis Diener
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Do So

We review evidence on whether subjective well-being (SWB) can influence health, why it might do so, and what we know about the conditions where this is more or less likely to occur. This review also explores how various methodological approaches inform the study of the connections between subjective well-being and health and longevity outcomes. Our review of this growing literature indicates areas where data are substantial and where much more research is needed. We conclude that SWB can sometimes influence health, and review a number of reasons why it does so. A key open question is when it does and does not do so – in terms of populations likely to be affected, types of SWB that are most influential (including which might be harmful), and types of health and illnesses that are most likely to be affected. We also describe additional types of research that are now much needed in this burgeoning area of interest, for example, cross-cultural studies, animal research, and experimental interventions designed to raise long-term SWB and assess the effects on physical health. This research area is characterized both by potentially extremely important findings, and also by pivotal research issues and questions.

A Russian Adaptation of the Multidimensional Inventory for Religious/Spiritual Well-Being

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Agarkov ◽  
Y. I. Alexandrov ◽  
S. A. Bronfman ◽  
A. M. Chernenko ◽  
H. P. Kapfhammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Check List ◽  
Validity Data ◽  
Spiritual Dimension ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
Symptom Check List ◽  
Neo Five Factor Inventory

It is intended in this study to present initial reliability and validity data for the Russian adaptation of the Multidimensional Inventory of Religious/Spiritual Well-being (MI-RSWB-R), as being related to personality factors and psychopathology. Therefore, the first version of the MI-RSWB-R was applied to a sample of 192 (147 females) non-clinical subjects, together with the NEO Five Factor Inventory and the Symptom-Check-List (SCL-90-R). The original six-factor structure of the scale could be replicated for the MI-RSWB-R, which also provides satisfying psychometric properties. In accordance with previous research the RSWB total score was linked to more favorable personality traits such as Extraversion ( r = .45), Openness to Experience ( r = .39), and Agreeableness ( r = .38), which was paralleled by substantial negative correlations with increased psychopathology. Our findings support the reliability and structural validity of the MI-RSWB-R as a standardized instrument for addressing the spiritual dimension in Russian populations. Further research in clinical surroundings is now recommended.

scholarly journals Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) as a Nonhuman Primate Model To Assess the Virulence of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Strains

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (18) ◽  
pp. 9035-9042 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Paige Adams ◽  
Judith F. Aronson ◽  
Suzette D. Tardif ◽  
Jean L. Patterson ◽  
Kathleen M. Brasky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Callithrix Jacchus ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Common Marmosets ◽  
Eastern Equine Encephalitis ◽  
Equine Encephalitis Virus ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Arboviral Disease

ABSTRACT Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) produces the most severe human arboviral disease in North America (NA) and is a potential biological weapon. However, genetically and antigenically distinct strains from South America (SA) have seldom been associated with human disease or mortality despite serological evidence of infection. Because mice and other small rodents do not respond differently to the NA versus SA viruses like humans, we tested common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) by using intranasal infection and monitoring for weight loss, fever, anorexia, depression, and neurologic signs. The NA EEEV-infected animals either died or were euthanized on day 4 or 5 after infection due to anorexia and neurologic signs, but the SA EEEV-infected animals remained healthy and survived. The SA EEEV-infected animals developed peak viremia titers of 2.8 to 3.1 log10 PFU/ml on day 2 or 4 after infection, but there was no detectable viremia in the NA EEEV-infected animals. In contrast, virus was detected in the brain, liver, and muscle of the NA EEEV-infected animals at the time of euthanasia or death. Similar to the brain lesions described for human EEE, the NA EEEV-infected animals developed meningoencephalitis in the cerebral cortex with some perivascular hemorrhages. The findings of this study identify the common marmoset as a useful model of human EEE for testing antiviral drugs and vaccine candidates and highlight their potential for corroborating epidemiological evidence that some, if not all, SA EEEV strains are attenuated for humans.

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