scholarly journals The psychological distress of parents is associated with reduced linear growth of children: Evidence from a nationwide population survey

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0246725
Author(s):  
Kun A. Susiloretni ◽  
Emily R. Smith ◽  
Suparmi ◽  
Marsum ◽  
Rina Agustina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Parental Distress ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽  
The Relationship

Background Stunting, an indicator of restricted linear growth, has become a primary measure of childhood undernutrition due to its persistent high prevalence globally, and importance for health and development. Although the etiology is recognized as complex, most analyses have focused on social and biomedical determinants, with limited attention on psychological factors affecting care and nurturing in the home. We assessed whether the psychological distress of parents is related to child linear growth and stunting, and documented the associated risk factors, and examined the relationship between parental distress and behavioral and other risk factors for stunting. Methods We used data from the Indonesia National Health Survey 2013, including 46,315 children 6–59 months of age. Multivariate linear, logistic, and multilevel multinomial logistic regression, using survey weights, were used to assess the relationship between parental distress, as assessed by the WHO Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ20), with height-for-age z score (HAZ), stunting, and behavioral and other risk factors for stunting. Results Maternal, paternal and parental distress (i.e. both maternal and paternal distress) were associated with reduced linear growth of the children by 0.086 (95% CI -0.17, -0.00), 0.11 (95% CI -0.24, -0.02) and 0.19 (95% CI -0.37, -0.00) HAZ-scores, respectively. Maternal and paternal distress increased the risk of mild stunting (HAZ <-1) by 33% (95% CI 1.17,1.50) and 37% (95% CI 1.18,1.60), and the risk of moderate stunting (HAZ <-2) by 25% (95% CI 1.10,1.43) and 28% (95% CI 1.08,1.51]), respectively. Parental stress increased the risk of moderate stunting by 40% (95% CI 1.06,1.85). Amongst specific groups of risk factors, the proportion of HAZ-score lost was associated with socioeconomic factors (30.3%) including, low wealth, low maternal occupational status, low maternal education, rural residence, and low paternal occupational status; physiological factors (15.5%) including low maternal height, low maternal mid-upper arm circumference, being male, low paternal height; behavioral factors (8.9%) including open garbage disposal, paternal smoking, not using iodized salt; and experiencing at least one infectious diseases episode (1.1%). Conclusions Maternal, paternal and parental stress were associated with reduced linear growth of children. These findings highlight the complex etiology of stunting and suggest nutritional and other biomedical interventions are insufficient, and that promotion of mental and behavioral health programs for parents must be pursued as part of a comprehensive strategy to enhance child growth and development, i.e. improved caretaker capacity, integrated community development, improved parenting skills, as well as reduced gender discrimination, and domestic violence.

scholarly journals The psychological distress of parents is associated with reduced linear growth of children: evidence from a nationwide population survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun A Susiloretni ◽  
Emily R Smith ◽  
Suparmi ◽  
Marsum ◽  
Rina Agustina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Parental Distress ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire

AbstractBackgroundStunting, an indicator of restricted linear growth, has become a primary measure of childhood undernutrition due to its persistent high prevalence globally, and importance for health and development. Although the etiology is recognized to be complex, most analyses have focused on biomedical determinants, with limited attention to social factors affecting care and nurturing in the home.ObjectivesTo identify the association between parental distress and linear growth and stunting and to examine z score loss due to any parental distress and socioeconomic, behavioral, and physiologic risk factors on for linear growthDesignCross sectional studyParticipants54,261 households from the Indonesia National Health Survey 2013. Main outcome measures. Multivariate linear, logistic, and multilevel multinomial logistic regression, using survey weights, were used to assess the relationship between parental distress, as assessed by the WHO Self Reporting Questionnaire, with height-for-age z score (HAZ), stunting, and behavioral risk factors for stunting.ResultsMaternal, paternal and parental distress (i.e. both maternal and paternal distress) were associated with reduced linear growth of the children by 0.091, 0.13 and 0.21 z-scores, respectively. Maternal and paternal distress increased the risk of mild stunting (HAZ < -1) by 38% and 39%, and the risk of moderate stunting (HAZ < -2) by 41% and 23%, respectively. Parental stress increased the risk of moderate and severe stunting by 67% and 41%. Any parental distress accounted for 5.6% of the modeled overall loss of HAZ-score due to interactions with socioeconomic status (low maternal occupational status, low wealth, low maternal occupation) and behavioral (poor garbage sanitation) factors, rendering it amongst the more influential factors on linear growth. The modeled overall loss of HAZ-score incorporating any parental distress was associated with socioeconomic factors (26.1%) including, in descending order, low maternal occupational status, low wealth, low maternal education, low paternal occupational status, rural residence; behavioral factors (15.3%) including open garbage disposal, unimproved water disposal, paternal smoking, not using iodized salt; physiological factors (13.5%) including low maternal height, female child, paternal height, maternal mid-upper arm circumference.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the complex etiology of stunting, and suggest nutritional and other biomedical interventions are insufficient, and that promotion of mental and behavioral health programs for parents are essential to achieve child growth and development, and would likely foster taller, healthier, smarter, and thriving populations.

scholarly journals Parental Distress, Parenting Practices, and Child Adaptive Outcomes Following Traumatic Brain Injury

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie L. Micklewright ◽  
Tricia Z. King ◽  
Kathleen O'Toole ◽  
Chris Henrich ◽  
Frank J. Floyd
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Parental Distress ◽  
Authoritarian Parenting ◽  
Orthopedic Injury ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Time Since Injury

AbstractModerate and severe pediatric traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are associated with significant familial distress and child adaptive sequelae. Our aim was to examine the relationship between parental psychological distress, parenting practices (authoritarian, permissive, authoritative), and child adaptive functioning 12–36 months following TBI or orthopedic injury (OI). Injury type was hypothesized to moderate the relationship between parental distress and child adaptive functioning, demonstrating a significantly stronger relationship in the TBI relative to OI group. Authoritarian parenting practices were hypothesized to mediate relationship between parental distress and child adaptive functioning across groups. Groups (TBIn= 21, OIn= 23) did not differ significantly on age at injury, time since injury, sex, race, or SES. Parents completed the Brief Symptom Inventory, Parenting Practices Questionnaire, and Vineland-II. Moderation and mediation hypotheses were tested using hierarchical multiple regression and a bootstrapping approach, respectively. Results supported moderation and revealed that higher parental psychological distress was associated with lower child adaptive functioning in the TBI group only. Mediation results indicated that higher parental distress was associated with authoritarian parenting practices and lower adaptive functioning across groups. Results suggest that parenting practices are an important area of focus for studies attempting to elucidate the relationship between parent and child functioning following TBI. (JINS, 2012,18, 343–350)

Gender aspects of the relationship between migraine and cardiovascular risk factors: A cross-sectional evaluation in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

Cephalalgia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1103-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra C Goulart ◽  
Itamar S Santos ◽  
Paulo A Lotufo ◽  
Isabela M Benseñor
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Background The relationship between cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and migraine is controversial and might be different in both genders. These associations were evaluated in Brazilian middle-aged men and women from the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Methods The cross-sectional relationship between our main outcome, which was migraine headache (definite, probable and overall), and CVRF was evaluated in the total sample and according to gender. We calculated frequencies and odds ratios (95% CI) for this relationship using binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses in crude, age-adjusted and multivariable models adjusted by potential confounders. Results Of 14,953 individuals who completed the data about headache and CVRF, the frequency of one-year migraine was of 29.5% (22.5% in women and 7.0% in men). In the multivariable-adjusted regression analyses, an inverse association between hypertension (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36–0.79), metabolic syndrome (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.43–0.99) and definite migraine were confirmed for men, but not for women. In the opposite direction, a positive association between migraine headaches (definite, probable and overall) and dyslipidemia (overall migraine OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.13–1.38) was observed only for women, but not for men. Conclusions A gender influence on the relationship between migraine and CVRF was verified in the ELSA-Brasil.

scholarly journals Surgery and Financial Toxicity are Risk Factors for Distress in Cancer Survivors: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huihui Yu ◽  
Tingting Zuo ◽  
Xue Bi ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Haiyang Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Financial Toxicity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Patients with cancer often face some level of distress, regardless of disease stage. Distress in cancer survivors has a negative impact on their quality of life. The goal of this study was to identify risk factors for distress, under­stand how treatment associated with distress and reveal the relationship between the psychological and financial distress. Methods: This was a multi-center cross-sectional study of patients with cancer requiring surgery or chemotherapy. Patients completed questionnaires regarding their demographics, disease characteristics, psychological distress, and financial toxicity. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine factors associated with distress in surgical versus chemotherapy treatment groups.Results: A total of 409 patients participated in the study. Patients treated with surgery (n = 172) were more likely to be female, unemployed, early stage compared with patients undergoing chemotherapy (n = 237). Multivariable analysis revealed that surgical patients tended to have a higher risk of distress compared with patients receiving chemotherapy (OR, 95% CI: 3.086, 1.854–5.137) due to higher rates of nervousness, pain, and difficulty with bathing/dressing, and patients with high financial toxicity had a higher risk of distress compared with those with low financial toxicity (OR, 95% CI: 2.000, 1.278–3.130). The relationship between financial toxicity and psychological distress was stronger in the chemotherapy group, with the correction coefficient -0.294 and slope -1.196. Conclusion: Patients who underwent surgery and reported higher financial toxicity were more likely to experience distress. Multidimensional distress screening and psychosocial interventions should be provided pre- and post-operatively for patients.

Independence and interplay between maternal and child risk factors for preschool problem behaviors?

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Hughes ◽  
Rosie Ensor
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Emotion Understanding ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Child Problem Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the independence and interplay between cognitive risk factors (poor executive function/emotion understanding) and maternal risk factors (low education/high depression) for preschool problem behaviors, indexed by multi-measure, multi-informant (mother/teacher/ researcher) ratings. A socio-economically diverse sample of 235 children (131 boys, 104 girls; mean age = 4.25 years) completed five executive-function tasks and four emotion-understanding tasks. Controlling for effects of gender, verbal ability and maternal education, individual differences in child problem behavior scores showed significant independent associations with executive dysfunction, emotion understanding and maternal depression. For girls, low maternal education amplified the relationship between executive dysfunction and problem behaviors. In addition, executive dysfunction mediated the relationship between maternal depression and problem behaviors; both executive dysfunction and poor emotion understanding mediated the relationship between low maternal education and problem behaviors. These results demonstrate the cumulative and complex nature of risk for preschool problem behaviors.

scholarly journals Psychological Distress, Terrorist Involvement and Disengagement from Terrorism: A Sequence Analysis Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Corner ◽  
Paul Gill
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Individual Resilience ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives This paper utilizes probability-based modelling to unpack the complex and multifaceted individual, sociological, and psychological processes present within terrorist groups which may affect an individual’s psychological wellbeing. We outline the predictors of the onset of psychological distress across three phases of terrorist involvement (engagement, disengagement, and post-disengagement). Methods Utilizing a dataset of over 90 terrorist autobiographies, we conduct sequence analyses to pinpoint the onset of psychological problems and the experiences that preceded and proceeded this onset. Results The results demonstrate the complexity in the relationship between mental disorders and terrorist engagement and the heterogeneity of the lived experience of ‘being’ a terrorist. The experience of psychological distress is mediated by numerous factors and the combination of these factors. Conclusions The results helped highlight the complexity of ‘being’ a terrorist; multiple factors at individual, social, and group levels impact on an individual as they pass through life. Individuals engaged within terrorism encounter a number of risk factors, which if an individual has lower baseline levels of individual resilience and is not fully committed to the group identity, may impact them psychologically. The results highlighted that it is not the presence of risk factors which impact on an individual, but how they perceive these risk factors.

scholarly journals Concomitant Trajectories of Internalising, Externalising, and Peer Problems Across Childhood: a Person-centered Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa-Christine Girard
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Problem Domain ◽  
Peer Problems ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Person Centered Approach

AbstractThis study investigated trajectories of concomitant internalising, externalising, and peer problems, and associated risk factors for group-membership, using a person-centered approach to better understand heterogeneity in subgroups identified. A cohort of 7,507 children in Ireland was followed from infancy to late childhood (50.3%, males; 84.9% Irish). The parent-version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used when children were 3, 5, 7 and 9 years of age. Information on antecedent risk factors was collected when children were 9 months. Group-based multi-trajectory modelling and multinomial logistic regression were used. Six subgroups of children with distinct profiles were identified, evidencing both homotypic and heterotypic comorbidity. No support of a ‘pure’ internalising, externalising or peer problems group was found in any identified trajectory group. Difficulties in one problem domain indicated the presence of difficulty in another problem domain for all children in elevated groups. Risk factors associated with group-membership were complex, with only three common factors across elevated groups: prenatal exposure to smoking, maternal education, and maternal stress. Specific risk factors for group-membership included low birth weight, sex, maternal age, maternal depression, family composition, social class, medical card status and quality of attachment. Despite some overlap in predictors, the combination of predictors specific to each group would suggest tailored programming. For children with the most acute problems, programming targets should include families with boys, born with low birth weight, exposed to smoking prenatally, with mothers who have lower levels of education, postnatal depression, increased stress and fewer financial resources.

The relationship between chronic paediatric feeding disorders and caregiver stress

2020 ◽  
pp. 136749352090538
Author(s):  
Alan H Silverman ◽  
Gina Erato ◽  
Praveen Goday
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Feeding Disorders ◽  
Parental Distress ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Child Development Inventory ◽  
The Relationship

Paediatric feeding disorders (PFDs) are common. Earlier studies have shown an association between PFD and caregiver stress, but these studies have been hampered by insufficient power. This study reports stress for caregivers of children diagnosed with PFD. These caregivers were then compared to community norms of the Parental Stress Index–Short Form. Caregivers also completed the Mealtime Behaviour Questionnaire, Child Behaviour Checklist and Child Development Inventory. Linear regression and hierarchical regression analyses assessed the relationship among the variables. Caregivers of 840 children with PFD responded. Negative child behaviours and lower child developmental function predicted higher levels of total parenting stress, parental distress, parent–child dysfunctional interaction and caregiver perceptions of their child as difficult. Higher rates of child internalizing and externalizing problems and child mealtime aggression were associated with parent perceptions of their child as difficult and contributed to total parental stress. Parents of older children reported higher levels of stress, whereas parents of younger children were more likely to be defensive responders. Overall, parents of children with PFD have more caregiver-related stress. These caregivers may benefit from consultations with mental health professionals to provide the most appropriate care to affected families.

scholarly journals Social Disadvantage, Maternal Psychological Distress, and Difficulties in Children’s Social-Emotional Well-Being

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Robert Noonan ◽  
Stuart Fairclough
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Disadvantage ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Neighborhood Deprivation ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Maternal Psychological Distress ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

This study used data from wave four of the United Kingdom (U.K.) Millennium Cohort Study to examine whether there is an individual (i.e., maternal education) and area-level social disadvantage (i.e., neighborhood deprivation) gradient to difficulties in social-emotional well-being (SEW) in 7-year-old English children. We then investigated to what extent maternal psychological distress (Kessler 6 score) explains the relationship between social disadvantage indicators and boys’ and girls’ SEW difficulties. Subjects consisted of 3661 child–mother dyads (1804 boys and 1857 girls). Results discerned gender differences in the effect social disadvantage indicators have on child SEW difficulties. Maternal education had a comparable effect on boys’ and girls’ SEW difficulties, but a steeper neighborhood deprivation gradient was evident for boys’ SEW difficulties compared to girls’ SEW difficulties. The effect of each social disadvantage indicator on boys’ and girls’ SEW difficulties was for most part direct and strong (p ≤ 0.001) rather than through maternal psychological distress, suggesting that the theoretical framework was incomplete. Here we demonstrate that where children are positioned on the social disadvantage gradient matters greatly to their SEW. Improving the living conditions and health of mothers with psychological distress may offer a pathway to improve child SEW.

scholarly journals Site specific incidence rate of virulence related genes of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli and association with enteric inflammation and growth in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina Das ◽  
Parag Palit ◽  
Md. Ahshanul Haque ◽  
Mustafa Mahfuz ◽  
A. S. G. Faruque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Potential Vaccine ◽  
Taqman Array

AbstractThere is a lack of information highlighting the possible association between strain carrying genes of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) and environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) and on linear growth during childhood. Strain carrying genes of EAEC from stool samples collected from 1705 children enrolled in the MAL-ED birth cohort were detected by TaqMan Array Cards. We measured site-specific incidence rate by using Poisson regression models, identified the risk factors and estimated the associations of strain carrying genes of EAEC with the composite EED score and linear growth at 24 months of age. Overall highest incidence rate (43.3%) was found among children having infection with the aggR gene, which was the greatest in Tanzania (56.7%). Low maternal education, lack of improved floor, and ownership of domestic cattle were found to be risk factors for EAEC infection. In the multivariate models, after adjusting the potential covariates, strain carrying genes of EAEC showed strong positive associations with the EED scores and with poor linear growth at 24 months of age. Our analyses may lay the cornerstone for a prospective epidemiologic investigation for a potential vaccine development aimed at reducing the burden of EAEC infections and combat childhood malnutrition.

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