scholarly journals Water sprinkling as a tool for heat abatement in farmed Iberian red deer: Effects on calf growth and behaviour

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249540
Author(s):  
F. J. Pérez-Barbería ◽  
I. Arroyo-González ◽  
A. J. García ◽  
M. P. Serrano ◽  
L. Gallego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Control Male ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Iberian Red Deer ◽  
And Control

Climatic models predict scenarios in which ambient temperature will continue increasing worldwide. Under these climatic conditions, fitness and animal welfare of many populations are expected to suffer, especially those that live in captive or semi-natural conditions, where opportunities of heat abatement are limited. We undertook an experimental design to assess the effect of heat abatement that water sprinkling might have on Iberian red deer calf growth and behaviour from birth to weaning (135 days). One group of ten mother-calf pairs lived on plots with water sprinkling (treatment) available during summer’s hottest time of the day, while the control group (nine mother-calf pairs) occupied plots with no available water sprinkling. Treatment and control groups were fed ad libitum and swapped between plots every seven days to minimise any plot effect. Body weight was monitored weekly and individual behaviour was recorded once or twice a week at mid-day. We observed that calves had showers under the sprinklers and wallowed in mud puddles. The results clearly indicated that calves of the treatment group showed a significant increase in body weight at weaning in comparison with the control group, with no differences between sexes (treatment: male = 56.5 kg, female = 50.3 kg; control: male = 50.3 kg, female = 46.5 kg). Mother weight and mother age effects were negligible on calf body weight at weaning. The heavier the mother the faster was the rate of growth of its offspring, irrespective of calf sex. The model indicated that although males grew significantly slower than female calves in the control group, males grew faster than females when exposed to the treatment. Calves of the treatment group spent less time drinking, less time in the shade, similar time eating and more time in motion than calves of the control group. There were no behavioural differences between calf sexes of treatment and control groups. The results indicate the importance of providing animals with opportunities of heat abatement in hot environments to improve animal growth and welfare in farmed Iberian red deer.

scholarly journals Android-Based Education toward the Role of Postpartum Primipara Mothers in Fulfilling the Independent Perinium Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Werna Nontji ◽  
Dwi Kartika Sari ◽  
Sitti Maria Ulfa ◽  
Syafruddin Syarif ◽  
Inez Vravty Lestari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Android App ◽  
And Control ◽  
Perineal Care

Background: Educating mothers during their postpartum period could potentially help them to overcome some important phases after giving birth. The process of education is evaluated based on the mothers’ knowledge about their independent self-care. Independency is an activity that is started individually and is done based on self-capability. The independency in the postpartum care is not only important to decrease the mother’s mortality and morbidity rate, but it is also crucial to strengthen and improve the post-partum mother’s healthy behavior during the perineal care. Providing education using Android-based application called BUBI Care could be potential to facilitate a more dynamic transfer of knowledge to the postpartum mothers.Aims: To analyze the knowledge, skills, and independence of primipara postpartum mothers in independent perineal care before and after accessing BUBI Care app. Research Method: employing quasi experimental research with pre-test and post-test design with control group design. The sample for this research were 19 pregnant mothers TM III (pregnancy age of ? 38 weeks) on each group. The treatment group was educated using BUBI Care Android app that was conducted at one of Public Health Center. The control group was educated without BUBI Care that was conducted at a Midwife Practice Clinic. The research was conducted on September to October 2020. Study Result: According to the Wilcoxon test, there was a difference in the pre-test knowledge of the treatment and control groups with the similar median of 53 and p-value of 0.666, the treatment group showed their scores improved to 80 on the post-test while the control group stayed at 53 with the p-value of 0.000. It means that BUBI Care app education influences the post-test. On the other hand, the perineal care skill saw a difference between the intervention and control groups. The intervention group had a mean of 70.05 and 56.68 for the control group with the p-value of 0.002 which means that there was an influence from the BUBI Care app education. Additionally, Mann Whitney test showed that the intervention group had a mean score of 78.95, but the control group only had 49.26, the total difference between the two are 29.69 with the p-value of 0.000. It can be concluded that there is a significance in difference in the independency rate from the provision of BUBI Care Android app education.Conclusion:  there is a significance effect on the intervention group in terms of Android based usage.

Reduction in Accumulation of Plaque, Stain, and Calculus in Dogs by Dietary Means

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyn Jensen ◽  
Ellen Logan ◽  
Oliver Finney ◽  
Stephen Lowry ◽  
Martyn Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Dog Food ◽  
Control Food ◽  
And Control ◽  
All Treatment

We conducted 215 evaluations for plaque, stain, and calculus in 120 dogs at two research sites. Dogs were balanced in groups of five according to baseline plaque index scores; groups were randomly assigned to treatment or control dietary regimens. Dental cleanings were done on Day 0. Dogs in the treatment group were fed a food formulated to reduce accumulation of plaque, stain, and calculus. Control group dogs were fed a commercially available dry dog food. No other foods, treats, or snacks were given to either group. We graded 22 teeth for plaque accumulation on Day 7 and for stain and calculus accumulation on Day 21. Six trials were conducted and the results reported as a combined mean for all treatment and control groups. Dogs fed the treatment food had significantly less plaque, stain, and calculus accumulation (p=0.001) than dogs fed the control food. Plaque, stain, and calculus accumulation can be reduced by dietary means.

scholarly journals Perioperative blood loss in total hip and knee arthroplasty: Outcomes associated with intravenous tranexamic acid use in an academic medical center

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 205031211663702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A Hogan ◽  
Larry K Golightly ◽  
Suzanne Phong ◽  
Michael R Dayton ◽  
Clark Lyda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Joint Replacement Surgery ◽  
Replacement Surgery ◽  
And Control

Objectives: Clinical trials have reported decreased blood loss with the use of tranexamic acid during joint reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to assess the individual practice implications of tranexamic acid use in joint replacement surgery. Methods: Health records of adults undergoing total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty over a 12-month period were retrospectively reviewed. The treatment group comprised patients who received intravenous tranexamic acid perioperatively. The control group comprised patients who did not receive tranexamic acid. Results: Patients in the treatment group (n = 64) and the control group (n = 99) were well matched for demographics, orthopedic diagnosis, and comorbidities. In-hospital postsurgical mean decreases in hemoglobin concentrations were −4.05 g/dL and −4.94 g/dL in the treatment and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Postsurgical mean decreases in hematocrit levels were −11.2% and −14.2% in the treatment and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Three patients in the treatment group (5%) and 21 patients in the control group (21%) received red blood cell transfusions (p = 0.006). As compared to control, the relative risk of transfusion in the treatment group was 0.23 (95% confidence interval = 0.07–0.76) and the number needed to treat to avoid one transfusion was 7.0 (95% confidence interval = 3.8–14.4). No evidence of thromboembolism or other serious complications were observed in either group. Conclusions: In patients undergoing joint replacement surgery, perioperative administration of tranexamic acid was associated with diminished blood loss and lesser resource utilization.

533 Establishment and Effects of a Method for Wound Repair in Patients with Extensive Deep Burns Using Fresh Skin Allografts and Autologous Micrograft

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S104-S104
Author(s):  
Chuanan Shen ◽  
Tianjun Sun ◽  
Huping Deng ◽  
Yuezeng Niu
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Coverage Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Skin Allograft ◽  
Wound Coverage ◽  
And Control ◽  
Scar Hypertrophy

Abstract Introduction This study was to establish a method for wound repair in patients with extensive deep burns using fresh allogeneic scalp combined with autologous micrograft. Methods Two patients with burn injuries involving 90% (3rd degree, 70%) and 97% (3rd degree, 85%) total body surface area (TBSA) respectively were treated with fresh scalp allografts donated by 32 males aged (31.5 ± 8.2) years or autologous micrografting. The bilateral limbs with third-degree burns were selected as treatment and control groups. Wounds in the treatment group were treated with fresh allogeneic scalp and autologous micrograft, while wound in the control group received MEEK grafting. Preoperatively, the surgical area on the extremities was calculated to estimate the necessary amount of allogeneic scalp and MEEK grafts. Fresh scalps (0.30 - 0.35 mm) were harvested from each donor to prepare a larger piece of skin allograft. Autologous micrografts were transported onto the epidermis of the skin allograft. The treatment and control group received grafting according to our protocol. The donors received follow-up visits after 3 months to see if there is alopecia and scar hypertrophy. The wound coverage rate was observed in both treatment and control groups on postoperative weeks 2, 3, 4 and 5. Results The donor sites in all allogeneic skin donors healed within 10 days postoperatively. The scalp recovered well without any alopecia or scar hypertrophy during the follow-up visits. The wound coverage rate of the treatment group was approximate to or higher than that of the control group. Conclusions Considering that allogeneic skin is scarce and expensive and the patient’s relatives are willing to help save the patient’s life by donating the scalp, this method may be a feasible clinical treatment option. Applicability of Research to Practice This study is a clinical study which is highly applicable in practice.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Impacts of a Phone Warning and Advising System for Individuals Vulnerable to Smog. Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial Study in Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaddour Mehiriz ◽  
Pierre Gosselin
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Protective Behaviors ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Research Stream ◽  
And Control

Smog warning systems are components of adaptation strategies that are adopted by governments around the world to protect their citizens from extreme episodes of air pollution. As part of a growing research stream on the effectiveness of these systems, this article presents the results of a study on the impacts of an automated phone warning and advising system for individuals vulnerable to air pollution. A sample of 1328 individuals were recruited and randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. The treatment group received smog warning while the control group did not. Data were collected via three phone surveys, two before and one after issuing the smog warning. The comparison between treatment and control groups indicates that exposure to a smog warning improved information on the occurrence of smog episodes (n = 484, OR = 5.58, p = 0.00), and knowledge on protective behaviors. Furthermore, members of treatment group were more likely to avoid exposure to smog episodes by spending more time inside with the windows closed than usual (n = 474, OR = 2.03, p = 0.00). Members of treatment group who take medication in the form of aerosol pumps also kept these devices on themselves more frequently than those of control group (n= 109, OR = 2.15, p = 0.03). The system however had no discernible effects on the awareness of air pollution risks, reduction of health symptoms related to smog and the use of health system services. The absence of health benefits could be related to the lower actual exposure to air pollution of such vulnerable groups during winter.

A Controlled Study of LSD Treatment in Alcoholism and Neurosis

1970 ◽  
Vol 116 (533) ◽  
pp. 443-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Denson ◽  
D. Sydiaha
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Psychological Tests ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Waiting Period ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
And Control

Favourable results have been reported from the use of lysergide in a wide variety of psychiatric conditions, but controlled studies (2, 3, 4) have not confirmed the existence of a therapeutic effect. In this experiment, alcoholics and neurotics who had been referred by Saskatoon psychiatrists for LSD treatment were allocated at random to Treatment and Control groups after undergoing a series of psychological tests. The members of the Treatment group were offered up to five LSD experiences at intervals of two weeks, whereas those in the Control group were informed that this type of therapy would be made available to them after a twelve-month waiting period. Accounts of the LSD experiences were sent to the referring psychiatrists, who were expected to continue to provide standard treatment to the members of both groups.

KEMANDIRIAN PERAWATAN IBU POST SECTIO CAESAREA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN DISCHARGE PLANNING BERDASARKAN TEORI SELF CARE OREM

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Tinok Ayu Putri Wardani ◽  
Nursalam Nursalam ◽  
Eka Mishbahatul M. Has
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Discharge Planning ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Sectio Caesarea ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Discharge planning is one of nursing intervention that aim to promote the independence of patient’s self care-activities after discharge from hospital. This study was aimed to examine the effect of discharge planning on wound care independence of post sectio caesarea patient at Melati Room, Dr. Soegiri Hospital, Lamongan. Methodes: Design of this study was Quasy Experiment. The population were post sectio caesarea patient at Melati Room Dr. Soegiri Hospital Lamongan, since May – June 2012. The samples were taken by purposive sampling technique. Fourteen respondents matched with the inclusion criteria and divided into treatment and control groups. The datas were collected by using questionnaire and observation sheet. Then datas were analyzed by using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann Whitney U Test with significance level of α ≤ 0.05. Result and Analysis: The result of this study showed that post sectio caesarea patient’s knowledge had significance level of p=0.027 in treatment group, and in control group was p=0.034, for post sectio caesarea patient’s skill p=0,015 in treatment group and in control group was p=0,017. The result of Mann Whitney U test was p=0,001, it means there was different in knowledge, and skill of wound care on post sectio caesarea patient between treatment and control groups. Discussion and Conclusion: It can be concluded that there are significant effect of wound care independence of post sectio caesarea patient with discharge planning approach based on orem’s self care theory to improve patient’s independence. Hospital need to develop discharge planning procedure to meet the needs of patient with post sectio caesarea wound and decrease the number of surgical wound infection.

scholarly journals Pengaruh suplementasi taburia (sprinkle) terhadap kadar hemoglobin balita gizi kurang usia 3-5 tahun di Kecamatan Lewimunding Kabupaten Majalengka

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Teguh Akbar Budiana ◽  
Martha Irene Kartasurya ◽  
Judiono Judiono
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
24 Hour Recall ◽  
And Control

Background: Anemia is the most common nutritional problem found in the world, whichal sooccurred in under five children. Anemia is one of themain nutritional problems in Indonesia. Anemia treatment by iron (Fe) supplementation the community level were not successfull yet. This research aimed to investigate the effect of sprinkle supplementation on hemoglobin level of malnourished children aged 3-5 years.Method: Randomized pretest - posttest control group design was implemented on 66 anemic malnourished children aged 3-5 years. Study was conducted in Lewimunding subdistrict. Subjects were divided into two groups, treatment and control groups. Sprinkle supplementation and nurition education were given to treatment group for 2 months, while control group were only recieved nutrition education. All subjects treated by 400 mg Albendazol before supplementation. Data were nutrient intake collected by 24 hour Recall method. Hb was measured by Cyamethaemoglobin. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney,  Independent Sample Test, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks, Paired Test and linear regression method.Result: There was no difference in energy, protein, iron, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and vitamin C on both treatment and control groups. There is no difference in hemoglobin levels between the groups before supplementation (p=0.290). Hemoglobin increased on treatment group from (11.14±0.85 mg/dl) to (12.31±0.55 mg/dl) with p=0.001. Hemoglobin also increased from (10,95 ± 0,71 mg/dl) to (11,81 ±0,53 mg/dl) in the control group (p=0.001). Sprinkle  supplementation increased by hemoglobin level  0.69 mg/dl higher than the control group (p=0.001). Multivariate analysis that hemoglobin level increased by  0.66 mg/dl higher compared to the control group after controlled by initial hemoglobin.Conclusion: Sprinkle supplementation for two months increase hemoglobin level of anemic malnourished children.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PURSED LIPS BREATHING TERHADAP PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE PENDERITA PENYAKIT PARU OBSTRUKSI KRONIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Emdat Suprayitno
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Breathing Exercise ◽  
And Control ◽  
Paired T Test

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a public health problem. Shortness of breath is a major problem on patient COPD. The shortness of breath caused decrease of PEF value. The intervention can be done to patients COPD is pursed lips breathing exercise. The method of this research was true experiment, pretest-posttest design with control group involving 30 respondents with random sampling. Treatment group were 15 respondents that provided PLB exercise three times a week for 4 weeks. Control group were 15 respondents that only getting standard treatment from the hospital. Data analysis was performed with paired t test test and independent t test. The results of paired t test on PEF value are p=0.000 for intervention group and p=0.334 for control groups. The result of independent t test in intervention and control groups PEF value p= 0.000. There was influence pursed lips breathing exercise to increased PEF value. There was difference PEF value on treatment group and control group after pursed lips breathing exercise

Body Weight and Blood Biochemical Changes Following Nutritional Supplementation in Prepubertal Jaffrabadi Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
R J Raval1 ◽  
K B Vala ◽  
V A Kalariya ◽  
A J Dhami ◽  
F S Kavani
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutritional Supplementation ◽  
Monthly Interval ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
And Control

The high plan of nutrition right from an early age is believed to enhance ovarian activity and early onset of puberty in heifers. This study was therefore conducted to know the body weight, ovarian and blood biochemical changes in nutritionally supplemented and control groups of prepubertal Jaffrabadi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) heifers. A total of 12 animals of 30 ± 2 month's age and the identical body weight of 380–410 kg from Cattle Breeding Farm, JAU, Junagadh were utilized for this study. They were randomly divided into two equal groups of 6 animals in each treatment and control groups. The heifers of the treatment group were supplemented with bypass fat (100 g), bypass protein (950 g) and chelated mineral mixture (50 g) over the routine farm feeding practices of control group, and its effect on body weight gain and blood biochemical profiles were studied at a monthly interval during 6 months of experimental period. The overall effect of nutritional supplementation on animals body weight, blood glucose and total cholesterol over the control group was statistically non-significant (p greator than 0.05) yet beneficial. The plasma total protein levels in the supplemented group increased with a duration of supplement and levels were significantly (p less than 0.05) higher over the control group. The ovarian dynamics evaluated by transrectal ultrasound during last three months of the study revealed an increasing number of growing follicles greator than 4 mm in diameters (5.00 ± 0.13 to 6.67 ± 0.40), without significant variation in diameters of largest follicles (9.14 ± 0.45 to 10.27 ± 0.85 mm) between groups or periods. However, none of the heifers exhibited behavioral signs of estrus during 6 months study, in spite of the establishment of cyclicity with the presence of developed follicles, or CLs suggesting silent ovulation, at 36 ± 2 months of age in this breed.

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