scholarly journals A pseudomolecule assembly of the Rocky Mountain elk genome

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249899
Author(s):  
Rick E. Masonbrink ◽  
David Alt ◽  
Darrell O. Bayles ◽  
Paola Boggiatto ◽  
William Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gene Annotation ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Putative Gene ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Greater Yellowstone Area ◽  
Rocky Mountain Elk ◽  
Cellular Immune

Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus canadensis) populations have significant economic implications to the cattle industry, as they are a major reservoir for Brucella abortus in the Greater Yellowstone area. Vaccination attempts against intracellular bacterial diseases in elk populations have not been successful due to a negligible adaptive cellular immune response. A lack of genomic resources has impeded attempts to better understand why vaccination does not induce protective immunity. To overcome this limitation, PacBio, Illumina, and Hi-C sequencing with a total of 686-fold coverage was used to assemble the elk genome into 35 pseudomolecules. A robust gene annotation was generated resulting in 18,013 gene models and 33,422 mRNAs. The accuracy of the assembly was assessed using synteny to the red deer and cattle genomes identifying several chromosomal rearrangements, fusions and fissions. Because this genome assembly and annotation provide a foundation for genome-enabled exploration of Cervus species, we demonstrate its utility by exploring the conservation of immune system-related genes. We conclude by comparing cattle immune system-related genes to the elk genome, revealing eight putative gene losses in elk.

scholarly journals A pseudomolecule assembly of the Rocky Mountain elk genome reveals putative immune system gene loss near chromosomal fissions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick E Masonbrink ◽  
David Alt ◽  
Darrel O. Bayles ◽  
Paola Boggiatto ◽  
William Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Putative Gene ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Cervus Canadensis ◽  
Gene Models ◽  
Rocky Mountain Elk

AbstractRocky Mountain elk (Cervus canadensis) is a major reservoir for Brucella abortus in the Greater Yellowstone area, which has significant economic implications to the cattle industry. Vaccination attempts against intracellular bacterial diseases in elk populations have not been successful due to a negligible adaptive cellular immune response. A lack of genomic resources has impeded attempts to better understand why vaccination does not induce protective immunity. To overcome this limitation, PacBio, Illumina, and HiC sequencing with a total of 686-fold coverage was used to assemble the elk genome into 35 pseudomolecules. A robust gene annotation was generated resulting in 18,013 gene models and 33,422 mRNAs. The accuracy of the assembly was assessed using synteny to the red deer and cattle genomes identifying several chromosomal rearrangements, fusions and fissions. Because this genome assembly and annotation provide a foundation for genome-enabled exploration of Cervus species, we demonstrate its utility by exploring the conservation of immune system-related genes. We conclude by comparing cattle immune system-related genes to the elk genome, revealing nine putative gene losses in elk.Author SummaryBrucellosis, also known as contagious abortion, is a bacterial disease that commonly affects livestock and remains prevalent in Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus canadensis). Since the 1920’s the USDA has led a program to eradicate Brucellosis from cattle, yet wild Rocky Mountain elk continue to be a source of transmission. Attempts to vaccinate wild elk herds have been unsuccessful, due to a poor and short-lived immune response. To investigate the genetic basis for this inherent difference, we created the first genome and annotation for the Rocky Mountain elk. This genome assembly is of the highest quality and contains single linear sequences for all 35 chromosomes. In order to generate gene models, an array of RNA-Seq data and proteins from many different organ tissues and cells were used in gene prediction software. Specifically, we compare cattle immune system genes with the Rocky Mountain elk, revealing the putative loss of nine immune-system related genes in elk.

Influence of the Intestinal Microbiota on Diabetes Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 1603-1615
Author(s):  
Eva Alvarez-Vieites ◽  
Arora López-Santamarina ◽  
José M. Miranda ◽  
Alicia del Carmen Mondragón ◽  
Alexandre Lamas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
The Relationship

In recent decades, there has been a very rapid increase in the prevalence of diabetes globally, with serious health and economic implications. Although today there are several therapeutic treatments for this disease, these do not address the causes of the disease and have serious side effects, so it is necessary to seek new treatments to replace or complement the existing ones. Among these complementary treatments, a strong link between the intestinal microbiota and diabetes has been demonstrated, which has focused attention on the use of biotherapy to regulate the function of the intestinal microbiota and, thus, treat diabetes. In this way, the main objective of this work is to provide a review of the latest scientific evidence on diabetes, gathering information about new trends in its management, and especially, the influence of the intestinal microbiota and microbiome on this pathology. It is possible to conclude that the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and diabetes is carried out through alterations in energy metabolism, the immune system, changes in intestinal permeability, and a state of low-intensity systemic inflammation. Although, currently, most of the experimental work, using probiotics for diabetes management, has been done on experimental animals, the results obtained are promising. Thus, the modification of the microbiota through biotherapy has shown to improve the symptoms and severity of diabetes through various mechanisms related to these alterations.

Opiate binding sites in the cellular immune system: expression and regulation

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J Madden ◽  
William L Whaley ◽  
David Ketelsen
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Cellular Immune System ◽  
Opiate Binding ◽  
Cellular Immune

SUFENTANIL AND XYLAZINE IMMOBILIZATION OF ROCKY MOUNTAIN ELK

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 638-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry J. Kreeger ◽  
Matthew Huizenga ◽  
Cole Hansen ◽  
Benjamin L. Wise
Keyword(s):  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Rocky Mountain Elk

scholarly journals The relationship between neopterin and hepatitis B surface antigen positivity

Pteridines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Songül Ü Ünüvar ◽  
Hamza Aslanhan ◽  
Zübeyde Tanrıverdi ◽  
Fuat Karakuş
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Cellular Immune System ◽  
Cellular Immune

Abstract Hepatitis B is a life-threatening viral liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus. Neopterin is regarded as an immunologic biomarker of several diseases related to activation of the cellular immune system. Hepatitis B infection is associated with increased production of cellular immune system markers. We aimed to investigate whether there is a relationship between hepatitis B surface antigen-positivity (HBsAg +) and neopterin to determine the role of neopterin in the early diagnosis of hepatitis B infections. Seventy-two HBsAg (+) patients with normal liver function tests and forty-three controls were included in the study. Neopterin levels were 17.6 ± 0.13 nmol/L in HBsAg (+) patients; and 9.12 ± 0.09 nmol/L in infection-free controls, respectively. Compared to the control group, a statistically significant increase (p < 0.001) in the serum neopterin levels of the patients was observed. No significant relationship was determined between neopterin levels and age/sex (both, p > 0.05). With overstimulation of interferon-gamma, the production of neopterin increases by monocytes/macrophages. Likewise with other diseases associated with an activated cellular immune system, this study shows that neopterin can be a predictive biomarker for persistent carriers of hepatitis B infection.

Electrocardiographic Data on Rocky Mountain Elk

1968 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 790-791
Author(s):  
R. A. Herin
Keyword(s):  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Rocky Mountain Elk
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