scholarly journals Emotion induction in young and old persons on watching movie segments: Facial expressions reflect subjective ratings

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253378
Author(s):  
Svenja Zempelin ◽  
Karolina Sejunaite ◽  
Claudia Lanza ◽  
Matthias W. Riepe
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Mood Induction ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Mood Change

Film clips are established to induce or intensify mood states in young persons. Fewer studies address induction of mood states in old persons. Analysis of facial expression provides an opportunity to substantiate subjective mood states with a psychophysiological variable. We investigated healthy young (YA; n = 29; age 24.4 ± 2.3) and old (OA; n = 28; age 69.2 ± 7.4) participants. Subjects were exposed to film segments validated in young adults to induce four basic emotions (anger, disgust, happiness, sadness). We analyzed subjective mood states with a 7-step Likert scale and facial expressions with an automated system for analysis of facial expressions (FaceReader™ 7.0, Noldus Information Technology b.v.) for both the four target emotions as well as concomitant emotions. Mood expressivity was analysed with the Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire (BEQ) and the Short Suggestibility Scale (SSS). Subjective mood intensified in all target emotions in the whole group and both YA and OA subgroups. Facial expressions of mood intensified in the whole group for all target emotions except sadness. Induction of happiness was associated with a decrease of sadness in both subjective and objective assessment. Induction of sadness was observed with subjective assessment and accompanied by a decrease of happiness in both subjective and objective assessment. Regression analysis demonstrated pre-exposure facial expressions and personality factors (BEQ, SSS) to be associated with the intensity of facial expression on mood induction. We conclude that mood induction is successful regardless of age. Analysis of facial expressions complement self-assessment of mood and may serve as a means of objectification of mood change. The concordance between self-assessment of mood change and facial expression is modulated by personality factors.

Examining the Effects of Facial Expression and Image Presentation on Mood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Radwan Omary ◽  
Madeline Maeloa
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Mood Induction ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Mood Change ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Image Presentation ◽  
Image Rating

Existing research shows that “pleasant” or “unpleasant” moods can be primed by presenting participants with “pleasant” or “unpleasant” images (Avero & Calvo, 2006), and that stronger priming effects are induced by images as opposed to text (Powell et al., 2015). However, no previous research shows whether or not mood induction effects may differ based on image presentation format. Therefore, the present work aimed to test this hypothesis, by presenting participants (N = 145) with either standalone or grouped images, displaying either positive or negative facial expressions. We found that both facial expression and image presentation had a significant effect on participants’ average ratings of the emotional valence of the images, including a significant interaction effect. However, only facial expression had a significant effect on mood change. We found a slight correlation (r = .298) between image rating and mood change, suggesting that image presentation may have a slight effect on mood change that was unable to be observed in this small-scale study.

scholarly journals Negative Mood States Are Related to the Characteristics of Facial Expression Drawing: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chika Nanayama Tanaka ◽  
Hayato Higa ◽  
Noriko Ogawa ◽  
Minenori Ishido ◽  
Tomohiro Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convex Upward ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Common Platform

An assessment of mood or emotion is important in developing mental health measures, and facial expressions are strongly related to mood or emotion. This study thus aimed to examine the relationship between levels of negative mood and characteristics of mouth parts when moods are drawn as facial expressions on a common platform. A cross-sectional study of Japanese college freshmen was conducted, and 1,068 valid responses were analyzed. The questionnaire survey consisted of participants’ characteristics, the Profile of Mood States (POMS), and a sheet of facial expression drawing (FACED), and the sheet was digitized and analyzed using an image-analysis software. Based on the total POMS score as an index of negative mood, the participants were divided into four groups: low (L), normal (N), high (H), and very high (VH). Lengths of drawn lines and between both mouth corners were significantly longer, and circularity and roundness were significantly higher in the L group. With increasing levels of negative mood, significant decreasing trends were observed in these lengths. Convex downward and enclosed figures were significantly predominant in the L group, while convex upward figures were significantly predominant and a tendency toward predominance of no drawn mouths or line figures was found in the H and VH groups. Our results suggest that mood states can be significantly related to the size and figure characteristics of drawn mouths of FACED on a non-verbal common platform. That is, these findings mean that subjects with low negative mood may draw a greater and rounder mouth and figures that may be enclosed and downward convex, while subjects with a high negative mood may not draw the line, or if any, may draw the line shorter and upward convex.

Depressive and Elative Mood Inductions as a Function of Exaggerated versus Contradictory Facial Expressions

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia T. Riccelli ◽  
Carol E. Antila ◽  
J. Alexander Dale ◽  
Herbert L. Klions
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Mood Induction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Facial Action ◽  
Adjective Checklist ◽  
Visual Scoring ◽  
Induction Sequence ◽  
Affect Adjective

Two studies concerned the relation between facial expression cognitive induction of mood and perception of mood in women undergraduates. In Exp. 1, 20 subjects were randomly assigned to a group who were instructed in exaggerated facial expressions (Demand Group) and 20 subjects were randomly assigned to a group who were not instructed (Nondemand Group). All subjects completed a modified Velten (1968) elation- and depression-induction sequence. Ratings of depression on the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist increased during the depression condition and decreased during the elation condition. Subjects made more facial expressions in the Demand Group than the Nondemand Group from electromyogram measures of the zygomatic and corrugator muscles and from corresponding action unit measures from visual scoring using the Facial Action Scoring System. Subjects who were instructed in the Demand Group rated their depression as more severe during the depression slides than the other group. No such effect was noted during the elation condition. In Exp. 2, 16 women were randomly assigned to a group who were instructed in facial expressions contradictory to those expected on the depression and elation tasks (Contradictory Expression Group). Another 16 women were randomly assigned to a group who were given no instructions about facial expressions (Nondemand Group). All subjects completed the depression- and elation-induction sequence mentioned in Exp. 1. No differences were reported between groups on the ratings of depression (MAACL) for the depression-induction or for the elation-induction but both groups rated depression higher after the depression condition and lower after the elation condition. Electromyographic and facial action scores verified that subjects in the Contradictory Expression Group were making the requested contradictory facial expressions during the mood-induction sequences. It was concluded that the primary influence on emotion came from the cognitive mood-induction sequences. Facial expressions only seem to modify the emotion in the case of depression being exacerbated by frowning. A contradictory facial expression did not affect the rating of an emotion.

scholarly journals Specific perception of the problem of tuberculosis by physicians from primary medical care

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
O. G. Chelnokova ◽  
M. N. Golovanova ◽  
I. G. Senin
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
The Self ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Primary Medical Care ◽  
Before And After

The objective: to study the perception of the problem of tuberculosis in physicians working in primary medical care and enhance motivation to implement tuberculosis control activities.Subjects and methods. A questionnaire survey was conducted in 114 physicians from primary medical care before and after the lecture on phthisiology. A subjective assessment of the knowledge on tuberculosis (self-assessment) and results of an objective assessment were studied and compared.Results. 30% of physicians had the fear of getting infected and developing tuberculosis. The level of theoretical phthisiologic knowledge among physicians from primary medical care is insufficient; the self-assessment of this knowledge is overstated in 58.8%.

scholarly journals A Cultural Comparison of the Facial Inference Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine K. Swiney ◽  
Anthony J. Stahelski
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Inference Process ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
The Individual

The purpose of this study was to compare emotion and personality trait attributions to facial expression between American and Indian samples. Data were collected using Amazon.com’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Participants in this study were asked to correctly identify the emotion and make inferences from pictures of three different facial expressions (scowling, frowning, and smiling) of young white females and males in six photographs. Each picture was randomly presented for 10 seconds followed by four randomized questions about the individual in the picture. The first question asked participants to identify the emotion shown from a list of six emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise). The next three questions consisted of a) condensed sets of the Big Five personality traits, b) the three Self-Assessment Manikin dimensions (SAM), ands) various social perceptions. Smiling facial expressions were hypothesized to be inferred as happy and to have the following positive inferences in both cultures: attractive, not threatening, agreeable, extroverted, and pleasing to look at, positive, conscientious, and open-minded a “Halo Effect.” Scowling facial expressions were hypothesized to have the following attributions: anger, unattractive, threatening, excitable, close-minded, not pleasing to look at, bad, negative, dominant, disagreeable, and unconscientiously a “Horns Effect.” Frowning facial expressions were hypothesized to be perceived as: sad, unattractive, good, submissive, not threatening, not pleasing to look at, positive, and calm anin-between effect. Generally, results showed that both cultures attributed the hypothesized emotional and trait attributions to the six facial expressions for all four questions, except for the Indians on the scowling female facial expression across each of the four questions.

Saphenous Venous Reflux Time is an Objective Assessment Tool That Relates to the Severity of Varicose Vein Symptoms

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-82
Author(s):  
M. A. Elsharawy ◽  
L. A. Donaldson ◽  
A. K. Samy
Keyword(s):  
Varicose Vein ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Venous Reflux ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Reflux Time ◽  
Assessment Questionnaire

Aim: The severity of varicose vein symptoms is no more than a subjective assessment of the underlying disease. The aim of this study was to use an objective method for assessing the severity of the condition. Methods: We describe a test based on measuring the venous reflux time (VRT) using hand-held Doppler (HHD). To evaluate the efficiency of this test, a prospective study of 61 consecutive primary varicose vein patients with sapheno-femoral incompetence was carried out. Patients were scored preoperatively by a self-assessment questionnaire. The score was compared with the VRT of the same patients. Six months after surgery, a similar self-assessment questionnaire was sent to all patients. Results: The VRT was found to have a highly significant relationship to the preoperative score (ρ = 0.73, p=<0.001). It was also found that most of the patients with a low score of ≤ 3 had a VRT of ≤ 13 s whilst most with a high score of >3 had a VRT of >13 s (sensitivity 78%, specificity 100%, accuracy 84%, p=<0.0001). Only 41 patients responded to the postoperative questionnaire, giving symptom scores of 0 in 40 patients and a score of 1 in one patient. Conclusion: VRT is a simple, objective, non-invasive method of assessment of varicose veins, which relates strongly to the magnitude of the patients' symptoms.

The face value of feedback: Facial behavior is shaped by goals and punishments during interaction with dynamic faces

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Yi ◽  
Philip Pärnamets ◽  
Andreas Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Mechanistic Explanation ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Corrugator Supercilii ◽  
Dynamic Faces ◽  
Facial Behavior ◽  
Reinforcement Learning Models

Responding appropriately to others’ facial expressions is key to successful social functioning. Despite the large body of work on face perception and spontaneous responses to static faces, little is known about responses to faces in dynamic, naturalistic situations, and no study has investigated how goal directed responses to faces are influenced by learning during dyadic interactions. To experimentally model such situations, we developed a novel method based on online integration of electromyography (EMG) signals from the participants’ face (corrugator supercilii and zygomaticus major) during facial expression exchange with dynamic faces displaying happy and angry facial expressions. Fifty-eight participants learned by trial-and-error to avoid receiving aversive stimulation by either reciprocate (congruently) or respond opposite (incongruently) to the expression of the target face. Our results validated our method, showing that participants learned to optimize their facial behavior, and replicated earlier findings of faster and more accurate responses in congruent vs. incongruent conditions. Moreover, participants performed better on trials when confronted with smiling, as compared to frowning, faces, suggesting it might be easier to adapt facial responses to positively associated expressions. Finally, we applied drift diffusion and reinforcement learning models to provide a mechanistic explanation for our findings which helped clarifying the underlying decision-making processes of our experimental manipulation. Our results introduce a new method to study learning and decision-making in facial expression exchange, in which there is a need to gradually adapt facial expression selection to both social and non-social reinforcements.

Capacity-Free Automatic Processing of Facial Expressions of Emotion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua W Maxwell ◽  
Eric Ruthruff ◽  
michael joseph
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Facial Expression Of Emotion ◽  
Expression Of Emotion ◽  
Facial Expressions Of Emotion ◽  
Correspondence Effect ◽  
Experimental Logic ◽  
Face Task

Are facial expressions of emotion processed automatically? Some authors have not found this to be the case (Tomasik et al., 2009). Here we revisited the question with a novel experimental logic – the backward correspondence effect (BCE). In three dual-task studies, participants first categorized a sound (Task 1) and then indicated the location of a target face (Task 2). In Experiment 1, Task 2 required participants to search for one facial expression of emotion (angry or happy). We observed positive BCEs, indicating that facial expressions of emotion bypassed the central attentional bottleneck and thus were processed in a capacity-free, automatic manner. In Experiment 2, we replicated this effect but found that morphed emotional expressions (which were used by Tomasik) were not processed automatically. In Experiment 3, we observed similar BCEs for another type of face processing previously shown to be capacity-free – identification of familiar faces (Jung et al., 2013). We conclude that facial expressions of emotion are identified automatically when sufficiently unambiguous.

Exploring an Emotional Basis of Cognitive Control in the Flanker Task

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motonori Yamaguchi ◽  
Jack Dylan Moore ◽  
Sarah Hendry ◽  
Felicity Wolohan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Mood Induction ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Flanker Effect ◽  
Sequential Modulation ◽  
Emotional Basis ◽  
Negative Stimuli

The emotional basis of cognitive control has been investigated in the flanker task with various procedures and materials across different studies. The present study examined the issue with the same flanker task but with different types of emotional stimuli and design. In seven experiments, the flanker effect and its sequential modulation according to the preceding trial type were assessed. Experiments 1 and 2 used affective pictures and emotional facial expressions as emotional stimuli, and positive and negative stimuli were intermixed. There was little evidence that emotional stimuli influenced cognitive control. Experiments 3 and 4 used the same affective pictures and facial expressions, but positive and negative stimuli were separated between different participant groups. Emotional stimuli reduced the flanker effect as well as its sequential modulation regardless of valence. Experiments 5 and 6 used affective pictures but manipulated arousal and valence of stimuli orthogonally The results did not replicate the reduced flanker effect or sequential modulation by valence, nor did they show consistent effects of arousal. Experiment 7 used a mood induction technique and showed that sequential modulation was positively correlated with valence rating (the higher the more positive) but was negatively correlated with arousal rating. These results are inconsistent with several previous findings and are difficult to reconcile within a single theoretical framework, confirming an elusive nature of the emotional basis of cognitive control in the flanker task.

Comparison between objective assessment and self-assessment of sexual maturation in children and adolescents

2009 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenner C. V. Azevedo ◽  
Lana M. P. Brasil ◽  
Ta&iacute;sa B. M. A. Macedo ◽  
Lúcia F. C. Pedrosa ◽  
Ricardo F. Arrais
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Self Assessment
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