scholarly journals A novel algorithm based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition for non-invasive fetal ECG extraction

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256154
Author(s):  
Katerina Barnova ◽  
Radek Martinek ◽  
Rene Jaros ◽  
Radana Kahankova ◽  
Adam Matonia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Electrocardiographic Signal ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Fetal Electrocardiograms

Non-invasive fetal electrocardiography appears to be one of the most promising fetal monitoring techniques during pregnancy and delivery nowadays. This method is based on recording electrical potentials produced by the fetal heart from the surface of the maternal abdomen. Unfortunately, in addition to the useful fetal electrocardiographic signal, there are other interference signals in the abdominal recording that need to be filtered. The biggest challenge in designing filtration methods is the suppression of the maternal electrocardiographic signal. This study focuses on the extraction of fetal electrocardiographic signal from abdominal recordings using a combination of independent component analysis, recursive least squares, and ensemble empirical mode decomposition. The method was tested on two databases, the Fetal Electrocardiograms, Direct and Abdominal with Reference Heartbeats Annotations and the PhysioNet Challenge 2013 database. The evaluation was performed by the assessment of the accuracy of fetal QRS complexes detection and the quality of fetal heart rate determination. The effectiveness of the method was measured by means of the statistical parameters as accuracy, sensitivity, positive predictive value, and F1-score. Using the proposed method, when testing on the Fetal Electrocardiograms, Direct and Abdominal with Reference Heartbeats Annotations database, accuracy higher than 80% was achieved for 11 out of 12 recordings with an average value of accuracy 92.75% [95% confidence interval: 91.19–93.88%], sensitivity 95.09% [95% confidence interval: 93.68–96.03%], positive predictive value 96.36% [95% confidence interval: 95.05–97.17%] and F1-score 95.69% [95% confidence interval: 94.83–96.35%]. When testing on the Physionet Challenge 2013 database, accuracy higher than 80% was achieved for 17 out of 25 recordings with an average value of accuracy 78.24% [95% confidence interval: 73.44–81.85%], sensitivity 81.79% [95% confidence interval: 76.59–85.43%], positive predictive value 87.16% [95% confidence interval: 81.95–90.35%] and F1-score 84.08% [95% confidence interval: 80.75–86.64%]. Moreover, the non-invasive ST segment analysis was carried out on the records from the Fetal Electrocardiograms, Direct and Abdominal with Reference Heartbeats Annotations database and achieved high accuracy in 7 from in total of 12 records (mean values μ < 0.1 and values of ±1.96σ < 0.1).

scholarly journals Noninvasive Fetal Electrocardiography Part I: Pan-Tompkins' Algorithm Adaptation to Fetal R-peak Identification

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Agostinelli ◽  
Ilaria Marcantoni ◽  
Elisa Moretti ◽  
Agnese Sbrollini ◽  
Sandro Fioretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Peak Detection ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Fetal Electrocardiogram ◽  
Subsequent Processing ◽  
Fetal Electrocardiography ◽  
Fetal Electrocardiograms

Background: Indirect fetal electrocardiography is preferable to direct fetal electrocardiography because of being noninvasive and is applicable also during the end of pregnancy, besides labor. Still, the former is strongly affected by noise so that even R-peak detection (which is essential for fetal heart-rate evaluations and subsequent processing procedures) is challenging. Some fetal studies have applied the Pan-Tompkins’ algorithm that, however, was originally designed for adult applications. Thus, this work evaluated the Pan-Tompkins’ algorithm suitability for fetal applications, and proposed fetal adjustments and optimizations to improve it. Method: Both Pan-Tompkins’ algorithm and its improved version were applied to the “Abdominal and Direct Fetal Electrocardiogram Database” and to the “Noninvasive Fetal Electrocardiography Database” of Physionet. R-peak detection accuracy was quantified by computation of positive-predictive value, sensitivity and F1 score. Results: When applied to “Abdominal and Direct Fetal Electrocardiogram Database”, the accuracy of the improved fetal Pan-Tompkins’ algorithm was significantly higher than the standard (positive-predictive value: 0.94 vs. 0.79; sensitivity: 0.95 vs. 0.80; F1 score: 0.94 vs. 0.79; P<0.05 in all cases) on indirect fetal electrocardiograms, whereas both methods performed similarly on direct fetal electrocardiograms (positive-predictive value, sensitivity and F1 score all close to 1). Improved fetal Pan-Tompkins’ algorithm was found to be superior to the standard also when applied to “Noninvasive Fetal Electrocardiography Database” (positive-predictive value: 0.68 vs. 0.55, P<0.05; sensitivity: 0.56 vs. 0.46, P=0.23; F1 score: 0.60 vs. 0.47, P=0.11). Conclusion: In indirect fetal electrocardiographic applications, improved fetal Pan-Tompkins’ algorithm is to be preferred over the standard, since it provides higher R-peak detection accuracy for heart-rate evaluations and subsequent processing.

Testing for ‘threads’ and leucocyte esterase in first-void urine to exclude the diagnosis of non-specific urethritis in asymptomatic men

Sexual Health ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Sanjeeva N. S. Pallawela ◽  
Christopher Sonnex ◽  
Julia Burdett ◽  
Dawn Cooper ◽  
Katrina Nethercott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Incidental Findings ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Asymptomatic Men

Recent evidence suggests that asymptomatic nonspecific urethritis (NSU), which is not routinely tested for, is a clinically significant pathology.The aim of this pilot study was to determine if testing for urinary threads, leucocyte esterase (LE) or both in asymptomatic men is a good screening tool for NSU. Of the126 asymptomatic men, 8% met microscopic criteria for the diagnosis of NSU. The positive predictive value for NSU was 71% (95% confidence interval (CI): 29.3–95.5%) and the negative predictive value was 96% (95% CI: 92.8–99.5%). The absence of threads and negative LE makes urethritis highly unlikely, making urinary chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) and gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) testing sufficient. Incidental findings of further pathology occurred in 7%.

scholarly journals Determination of urinary d-/l-arabinitol ratios as a biomarker for invasive candidiasis in children with cardiac diseases

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1490-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa J. Stradomska ◽  
Dorota Sobielarska ◽  
Zbigniew Mielniczuk ◽  
Dorota Jagiełłowicz ◽  
Małgorzata Syczewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Congenital Heart Defects ◽  
Invasive Candidiasis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Antifungal Chemotherapy

A non-invasive, non-culture-based method of determining urinary d-/l-arabinitol (d-/l-ARA) ratios was investigated as a tool for the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis in nosocomial paediatric infection cases. The study encompassed 138 children aged 4 days to 16 years (mean±sd=1.6±4.2 years) with congenital heart defects (91.4 %) or with rhythm disorders or circulatory failure (8.6 %). ARA enantiomers were detected by GC using an electron capture detector. Positive d-/l-ARA ratios were found for 11/11 patients with proven candidiasis and 17/19 patients with clinically suspected invasive candidiasis. Thirty children were undergoing antifungal chemotherapy. d-/l-ARA ratios (mean±sd) were 2.601±0.544 in hospitalized cardiac patients without fungal infection and 5.120±1.253 in those receiving antifungal therapy (P<0.001). The sensitivity of the method was 100 %, the specificity 97.2 %, the positive predictive value was 78.6 % and the negative predictive value was 100 %.

Towards malaria microscopy at the point-of-contact: an assessment of the diagnostic performance of the Newton Nm1 microscope in Uganda

Parasitology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 141 (14) ◽  
pp. 1819-1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. RUSSELL STOTHARD ◽  
BETTY NABATTE ◽  
JOSE C. SOUSA-FIGUEIREDO ◽  
NARCIS B. KABATEREINE
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Malaria Microscopy

SUMMARYMalaria microscopy in sub-Saharan Africa is often restricted by access to light microscopes. To address this gap, a novel portable inverted monocular microscope, the Newton Nm1, was designed and is now commercially available. Its diagnostic performance was assessed in a blinded-slide trial at ×1000 (oil) of Giemsa-stained thick blood films against a conventional microscope as undertaken by four Ugandan Ministry of Health technicians. With the Newton Nm1, diagnostic performance was: sensitivity 93·5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 78·6–99·2%), specificity 100·0% (95% CI 82·4–100·0%), positive predictive value 100·0% (95% CI 88·1–100·0%) and negative predictive value 90·5% (95% CI 69·6–98·8%). Discordance was due to a systematic error underestimating parasitaemia by ~45%; when counting Plasmodium parasites against 200 white blood cells, blood films with low parasitaemia (i.e. <100 μL−1 of blood) could be overlooked and misclassified. By contrast, specificity was excellent with no false positives encountered. Whilst proven useful, especially in resource-poor environments, it is still unclear how we can ensure the uptake of the Newton Nm1 within sub-Saharan Africa.

Sensitivity and Specificity of Histoplasma Antigen Detection by Enzyme Immunoassay

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Cunningham ◽  
Audrey Cook ◽  
Andrew Hanzlicek ◽  
Kenneth Harkin ◽  
Joseph Wheat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Kappa Coefficient ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Antigen Assay

The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of an antigen enzyme immunoassay (EIA) on urine samples for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis in dogs. This retrospective medical records review included canine cases with urine samples submitted for Histoplasma EIA antigen assay between 2007 and 2011 from three veterinary institutions. Cases for which urine samples were submitted for Histoplasma antigen testing were reviewed and compared to the gold standard of finding Histoplasma organisms or an alternative diagnosis on cytology or histopathology. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and the kappa coefficient and associated confidence interval were calculated for the EIA-based Histoplasma antigen assay. Sixty cases met the inclusion criteria. Seventeen cases were considered true positives based on identification of the organism, and 41 cases were considered true negatives with an alternative definitive diagnosis. Two cases were considered false negatives, and there were no false positives. Sensitivity was 89.47% and the negative predictive value was 95.35%. Specificity and the positive predictive value were both 100%. The kappa coefficient was 0.9207 (95% confidence interval, 0.8131–1). The Histoplasma antigen EIA test demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis in dogs.

Drug-Induced Cutaneous Vasculitis in Patients with Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Receiving Bortezomib: A Possible Surrogate Marker of Response.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 3334-3334 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gerecitano ◽  
Andre Goy ◽  
Barbara MacGregor-Cortelli ◽  
Ellen Neylon ◽  
John Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Antineoplastic Agent ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Cutaneous Vasculitis ◽  
Close Monitoring

Abstract Background Bortezomib, recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of multiple myeloma, is the first antineoplastic agent in a new class of drugs known as proteasome inhibitors. To date, rash has been described as a common adverse events associated with the drug. This rash is typically consistent with a hypersensitivity reaction. However, in two independent, single agent phase 2 studies of bortezomib in patients with non-Hodgkins lymphoma (one multicenter trial coordinated by Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, the second at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center), we identified a subset of patients who developed a cutaneous vasculitis not previously reported with this therapy. Furthermore, development of this novel rash seems to correlate with a better response to bortezomib. Methods 18 patients who developed a unique erythematous maculopapular rash while receiving bortezomib were identified, 6 of whom underwent cutaneous biopsy reviewed by a dermatopathologist. The remaining patients were not biopsied, but exhibited a rash with identical clinical features. Results These rashes were distinct from the classic hypersensitivity rash more commonly noted with bortezomib therapy. They did not appear to be associated with any particular dose, tended to occur later in the course of treatment, and resolved with withdrawal of the agent, always returning with continuation of planned therapy with bortezomib. There was no evidence of multi-organ system involvement, and the rash was relatively asymptomatic. Punch biopsy revealed a perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate without evidence of lymphoma, sometimes associated with small vessel necrotizing vasculitis. While the overall response rate (CR + PR) in all patients was 38%, the response rate in patients with rash was 67%, compared with a response rate of 31% in patients who did not develop rash (see Table 1). Using measures of accuracy based on this data (see Table 2), the positive predictive value of vasculitic rash for response to bortezomib is 67% (95% confidence interval (CI) 41 – 87%), negative predictive value is 69% (CI 57 – 79%), sensitivity is 32% (CI 18 – 50%) and specificity is 90% (80 – 96%). Logistic regression analysis supports this association, and shows that the odds ratio for response given vasculitic rash is 4.4 (CI 1.5 – 13.1, p = 0.008). Conclusions This report is the first to describe a strong causal relationship between bortezomib and a cutaneous vasculitis. Recognition of this association should prompt a specific clinical evaluation and close monitoring of patients who develop bortezomib-associated rashes in the future. In contrast to classic hypersensitivity type reactions, the development of this vasculitic rash may not necessarily prompt cessation of drug. In fact, based on the limited experience presented here, the development of an isolated cutaneous vasculitis may portend a better clinical response in patients treated with bortezomib. Association of Vasculitic Rash with Response to Bortezomib No Rash Rash Total No Response 55 6 61 Response 25 12 37 Total 80 18 98 % Response 31% 67% 38% Rash and Response 95% Confidence Interval Sensitivity 32.43% 18.01% – 49.79% Specificity 90.16% 79.81% – 96.30% Positive Predictive Value 66.67% 40.99% – 86.66% Negative Predictive Value 68.75% 57.41% – 78.65%

scholarly journals Improving the Positive Predictive Value of Non-Invasive Prenatal Screening (NIPS)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. e0167130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Strom ◽  
Ben Anderson ◽  
David Tsao ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Non Invasive

Branchial cleft anomalies: accuracy of pre-operative diagnosis, clinical presentation and management

2012 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 598-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
L-A Guldfred ◽  
B B Philipsen ◽  
C Siim
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Branchial Cleft Anomalies ◽  
Branchial Cleft ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Cystic Masses

AbstractObjective:To examine the accuracy of the pre-operative diagnosis of branchial cleft anomalies, and also to describe their occurrence, clinical presentation and management.Methods:Retrospective review of the records of patients diagnosed with a branchial cleft anomaly between 1997 and 2006.Results:One hundred and twenty-six patients were included. Pre-operative diagnosis had a positive predictive value of 0.856 (95 per cent confidence interval, 0.771–0.918) and a sensitivity of 0.944 (95 per cent confidence interval, 0.869–0.979). These patients' demographic data, investigations, findings and management are presented, along with a possible strategy for dealing with solitary cystic masses in the neck.Conclusion:As pre-operative diagnosis has a positive predictive value of 86 per cent, cystic lesions in the neck should be presumed to be carcinomatous until proven otherwise. Branchial fistulae and sinuses seem to be a disease of childhood, while branchial cysts occur mainly in adults. Branchial cleft anomalies are equally frequent in men and women, and equally distributed on the left and right side of the neck.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document