scholarly journals Early life course processes leading to educational and economic attainment in young adulthood: Contributions of early socioeconomic adversity and education polygenic score

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0256967
Author(s):  
Kandauda A. S. Wickrama ◽  
Catherine Walker OˋNeal ◽  
Tae Kyoung Lee ◽  
Seonhwa Lee
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Polygenic Score ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

The present study investigated an integrated life course model, drawn from the life course theoretical perspective, to elucidate youth’s additive, cascading, and cumulative life course processes stemming from early socioeconomic adversity and education polygenic score (education PGS) as well as potential interactions between them (GxE), which contribute to subsequent young adult socioeconomic outcomes. Additionally, the independent, varying associations among social and genetic predictors, life-stage specific educational outcomes (educational achievement in adolescence and educational attainment, in later stages), and young adult economic outcomes were examined. The study used prospective, longitudinal data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent and Adult Health (Add Health) with a sample of 5,728 youth of European ancestry. Early family socioeconomic adversity and individual education PGS were associated with life stage-specific educational outcomes through additive and cascading processes linked to young adults’ economic outcomes (personal earnings) through a cumulative process. A GxE moderation existed between individuals’ education PGS and early socioeconomic adversity at multiple life stages, explaining variation in adolescent educational outcomes. Both early socioeconomic adversity and education PGS were persistently associated with youth’s educational and economic outcomes throughout the early life course. In sum, the findings based on the integrated life course model showed how additive, cascading, and cumulative processes were related and conditioned one another, generating specific life course patterns and outcomes. The findings highlight the value of incorporating molecular genetic information into longitudinal developmental life course research and provide insight into malleable characteristics and appropriate timing for interventions addressing youth developmental characteristics.

scholarly journals Welfare regimes modify the association of disadvantaged adult-life socioeconomic circumstances with self-rated health in old age

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1352-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Sieber ◽  
Boris Cheval ◽  
Dan Orsholits ◽  
Bernadette W Van der Linden ◽  
Idris Guessous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Self Rated Health

Abstract Background Welfare regimes in Europe modify individuals’ socioeconomic trajectories over their life-course, and, ultimately, the link between socioeconomic circumstances (SECs) and health. This paper aimed to assess whether the associations between life-course SECs (early-life, young adult-life, middle-age and old-age) and risk of poor self-rated health (SRH) trajectories in old age are modified by welfare regimes (Scandinavian [SC], Bismarckian [BM], Southern European [SE], Eastern European [EE]). Methods We used data from the longitudinal SHARE survey. Early-life SECs consisted of four indicators of living conditions at age 10. Young adult-life, middle-age, and old-age SECs indicators were education, main occupation and satisfaction with household income, respectively. The association of life-course SECs with poor SRH trajectories was analysed by confounder-adjusted multilevel logistic regression models stratified by welfare regime. We included 24 011 participants (3626 in SC, 10 256 in BM, 6891 in SE, 3238 in EE) aged 50 to 96 years from 13 European countries. Results The risk of poor SRH increased gradually with early-life SECs from most advantaged to most disadvantaged. The addition of adult-life SECs differentially attenuated the association of early-life SECs and SRH at older age across regimes: education attenuated the association only in SC and SE regimes and occupation only in SC and BM regimes; satisfaction with household income attenuated the association across regimes. Conclusions Early-life SECs have a long-lasting effect on SRH in all welfare regimes. Adult-life SECs attenuated this influence differently across welfare regimes.

scholarly journals Family Poverty Over the Early Life Course and Recurrent Adolescent and Young Adult Anxiety and Depression: A Longitudinal Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (9) ◽  
pp. 1719-1723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake M. Najman ◽  
Mohammad R. Hayatbakhsh ◽  
Alexandra Clavarino ◽  
William Bor ◽  
Michael J. O'Callaghan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Anxiety And Depression

scholarly journals Early life factors for myopia in the British Twins Early Development Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 1078-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie M Williams ◽  
Eva Kraphol ◽  
Ekaterina Yonova-Doing ◽  
Pirro G Hysi ◽  
Robert Plomin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Development Study ◽  
Early Life Factors ◽  
Variance Explained

PurposeMyopia is an increasingly prevalent condition globally. A greater understanding of contemporaneous, early life factors associated with myopia risk is urgently required, particularly in younger onset myopia as this correlates with higher severity and increased complications in adult life.MethodsAnalysis of a subset of the longitudinal, UK-based Twins Early Development Study (n=1991) recruited at birth between 1994 and 1996. Subjective refraction was obtained from the twin’s optometrists; mean age 16.3 years (SD 1.7). Myopia was defined as mean spherical equivalent ≤−0.75 dioptres. A life course epidemiology approach was used to appropriately weight candidate myopia risk factors during critical periods of eye growth. Adjusted ORs for myopia were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models at each life stage, together with variance explained (r2) and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) statistic of predictive models.ResultsFactors significantly associated with myopia included level of maternal education (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.59), fertility treatment (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.92), summer birth (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.28 to 2.90) and hours spent playing computer games (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.06). The total variance explained by this model was 4.4 % (p<0.001) and the AUROC was 0.68 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.72). Consistent associations were observed with socioeconomic status, educational attainment, reading enjoyment and cognitive variables, particularly verbal cognition, at multiple points over the life course.ConclusionsThis study identifies known and novel associations with myopia during childhood development; associated factors identified in early life reflect sociological and lifestyle trends such as rates of maternal education, fertility treatment, early schooling and computer games.

Poverty over the early life course and young adult cardio-metabolic risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 759-768
Author(s):  
Jake M. Najman ◽  
William Wang ◽  
Maria Plotnikova ◽  
Abdullah A. Mamun ◽  
David McIntyre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Metabolic Risk
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