scholarly journals Assessing the role of the pelvic canal in supporting the gut in humans

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258341
Author(s):  
Jeanelle Uy ◽  
Natalie M. Laudicina
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Pelvic Floor Disorders ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Ct Volumetry ◽  
Canal Width ◽  
Supportive Role ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
3D Landmarks

The human pelvic canal (true pelvis) functions to support the abdominopelvic organs and serves as a passageway for reproduction (females). Previous research suggests that these two functions work against each other with the expectation that the supportive role results in a narrower pelvic midplane, while fetal passage necessitates a larger opening. In this research, we examine how gut size relates to the size and shape of the true pelvis, which may have implications on how gut size can influence pelvic floor integrity. Pelves and in vivo gut volumes were measured from CT scans of 92 adults (48 female, 44 male). The true pelvis was measured at three obstetrical planes (inlet, midplane, outlet) using 11 3D landmarks. CT volumetry was used to obtain an individual’s gut size. Gut volume was compared to the pelvic planes using multiple regression to evaluate the relationship between gut size and the true pelvis. We find that, in males, larger gut sizes are associated with increased mediolateral canal dimensions at the inlet and midplane. In females, we find that larger gut sizes are associated with more medially-projecting ischial spines and an anteroposteriorly longer outlet. We hypothesize that the association of larger guts with increased canal width in males and increased outlet length in females are adaptations to create adequate space for the gut, while more medially projecting ischial spines reduce the risk of pelvic floor disorders in females, despite its possible spatial consequences for fetal passage.

scholarly journals Role of interleukins in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Xin She ◽  
Qing Yang Yu ◽  
Xiao Xiao Tang
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Multiple Cells ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractInterleukins, a group of cytokines participating in inflammation and immune response, are proved to be involved in the formation and development of pulmonary fibrosis. In this article, we reviewed the relationship between interleukins and pulmonary fibrosis from the clinical, animal, as well as cellular levels, and discussed the underlying mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Despite the effects of interleukin-targeted treatment on experimental pulmonary fibrosis, clinical applications are lacking and unsatisfactory. We conclude that intervening in one type of interleukins with similar functions in IPF may not be enough to stop the development of fibrosis as it involves a complex network of regulation mechanisms. Intervening interleukins combined with other existing therapy or targeting interleukins affecting multiple cells/with different functions at the same time may be one of the future directions. Furthermore, the intervention time is critical as some interleukins play different roles at different stages. Further elucidation on these aspects would provide new perspectives on both the pathogenesis mechanism, as well as the therapeutic strategy and drug development.

scholarly journals Effect of leukocyte antibodies and HLA matching on the intravascular recovery, survival, and tissue localization of 111-indium granulocytes

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 522-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
J McCullough ◽  
M Clay ◽  
D Hurd ◽  
K Richards ◽  
C Ludvigsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hla Antigens ◽  
Pulmonary Sequestration ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Hla Matching ◽  
Hla Antigen ◽  
Tissue Localization ◽  
The Relationship

The effect of leukocyte antibodies detected under different conditions on the fate in vivo of granulocytes was studied using 111-indium- labeled granulocytes. Sera from patients were tested by granulocyte agglutination (GA), granulocytotoxicity (GC), granulocyte immunofluorescence (GIF), lymphocytotoxicity (LC), and antibody- dependent lymphocyte-mediated granulocytotoxicity. Granulocytes from donors to be studied were labeled with 111-indium and injected. Then the intravascular recovery and survival or tissue localization was determined in 93 studies. Antibodies detected by granulocyte agglutination were associated with a significant reduction in recovery (6.7% v 30.8% in controls; P less than .001) and t1/2 (0.3 hours v 5.6 hours in controls; P = .002). When all possible combinations of serum reactivity were considered, reactivity in the GA plus GIF assays had the best correlation with decreased recovery (R2 = .49; P less than .001) and t1/2 (R2 = .73; P less than .001). When the relationship between the strength of antibody reactivity and the recovery and t1/2 were analyzed, the best relationship was between the combination of LC and GIF with recovery (R2 = .62; P = .001). Because of the general availability of the HLA (LC) testing, the role of LC reactivity was investigated in other ways. There was a strong relationship between sera highly reactive by LC and those reactive by GIF. These highly reactive sera were also associated with reduced recovery and t1/2. The influence of specific HLA antigen mismatches was also studied. When donor and recipient were mismatched for the HLA-A2, B8, or BW44 antigens, there was a significant reduction in either recovery, t1/2, or both. Tissue localization was studied by body scans in patients with and without known sites of inflammation. Antibodies detected by a combination of GA and GIF caused abnormal pulmonary sequestration of granulocytes (three cases) and failure of granulocytes to localize at known sites of inflammation (three cases). HLA (LC) antibodies did not alter tissue localization despite the presence of the corresponding HLA antigens on granulocytes. It appears that GA, GIF, or a combination of these tests is the most effective predictor of altered in vivo fate of granulocytes. However, sera highly reactive by LC and GIF probably define a group of highly immunized patients in whom granulocyte recovery and t1/2 are also reduced. Mismatching for certain HLA antigens is also associated with reduced granulocyte recovery and survival. At present, GA, with or without the immunofluorescence assay, is the most effective predictor of altered in vivo granulocyte activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Computed tomography study of pineal calcification in schizophrenia

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Bersani ◽  
A Garavini ◽  
I Taddei ◽  
G Tanfani ◽  
M Nordio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryComputed tomography studies concerning pineal calcification (PC) in schizophrenia have been conducted mainly by one author who correlated this calcification with several aspects of the illness. On the basis of these findings the aim of the present study was to analyze size and incidence of pineal gland calcification by CT in schizophrenics and healthy controls, and to verify the relationship between pineal calcification and age, and the possible correlation with psychopathologic variables. Pineal calcification was measured on CT scans of 87 schizophrenics and 46 controls divided into seven age subgroups of five years each. No significant differences in PC incidence and mean size between patients and controls were observed as far as the entire group was considered. PC size correlated with age both in schizophrenics and controls. We found a higher incidence of PC in schizophrenics in the age subgroup of 21–25 years, and a negative correlation with positive symptoms of schizophrenia in the overall group. These findings could suggest a premature calcific process in schizophrenics and a probable association with `non-paranoid' aspects of the illness. Nevertheless the potential role of this process possibly related to some aspects of the altered neurodevelopment in schizophrenia is still unclear.

Copper complexes as antitumor agents: in vitro and in vivo evidences

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia M. Balsa ◽  
Enrique J. Baran ◽  
Ignacio E. León
Keyword(s):  
Copper Complexes ◽  
Antitumor Agents ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Copper Compounds ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship

: Copper is an essential element for most aerobic organisms, with an important function as a structural and catalytic cofactor, and in consequence, it is implicated in several biological actions. The relevant aspects of chemistry and biochemistry and the importance of copper compounds in medicine give us a comprehensive knowledge of the multifaceted applications of copper in physiology and physiopathology. In this review, we present an outline of the chemistry and the antitumor properties of copper complexes on breast, colon, and lung cancer cells focus on the role of copper in cancer, the relationship between structure-activity, molecular targets, and the study of the mechanism of action involved in its anticancer activity. This overview is expected to contribute to understanding the design, synthesis, uses of copper complexes as antitumor agents in the most common cancers.

The Role of MRI in the Diagnosis of Pelvic Floor Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn Fitzgerald ◽  
Lee A. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Pelvic Floor Disorders

Religion and Authority in a Korekore Community

Africa ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. C. Bourdillon
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Rites Of Passage ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Traditional Authority ◽  
Initiation Rites ◽  
Supportive Role ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
The Relationship

Opening ParagraphIn her lucid and persuasive Henry Myers Lecture on ‘The power of rights’ (Man, 1977), Professor La Fontaine argues that since the Gisu themselves cite transition from one status to another as the purpose of their initiation rites, this transformation cannot logically explain them. Taking up Maurice Bloch's idea that religion is concerned with inequality and hierarchy (1974; 1977), La Fontaine argues convincingly that the explanation of Gisu initiation rites lies in their functions of validating traditional knowledge and of maintaining traditional authority. The relationship between religion and political power had been noticed before but it had not previously been applied to the field of rites of passage nor had the mechanism of the supportive role of traditional knowledge been so clearly analysed.

scholarly journals Chemical synthesis of erythropoietin glycoforms for insights into the relationship between glycosylation pattern and bioactivity

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. e1500678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masumi Murakami ◽  
Tatsuto Kiuchi ◽  
Mika Nishihara ◽  
Katsunari Tezuka ◽  
Ryo Okamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Glycosylation Pattern ◽  
Chemical Ligation ◽  
Homogeneous Form ◽  
Synthetic Strategy ◽  
Coupling Strategy ◽  
The Relationship

The role of sialyloligosaccharides on the surface of secreted glycoproteins is still unclear because of the difficulty in the preparation of sialylglycoproteins in a homogeneous form. We selected erythropoietin (EPO) as a target molecule and designed an efficient synthetic strategy for the chemical synthesis of a homogeneous form of five EPO glycoforms varying in glycosylation position and the number of human-type biantennary sialyloligosaccharides. A segment coupling strategy performed by native chemical ligation using six peptide segments including glycopeptides yielded homogeneous EPO glycopeptides, and folding experiments of these glycopeptides afforded the correctly folded EPO glycoforms. In an in vivo erythropoiesis assay in mice, all of the EPO glycoforms displayed biological activity, in particular the EPO bearing three sialyloligosaccharides, which exhibited the highest activity. Furthermore, we observed that the hydrophilicity and biological activity of the EPO glycoforms varied depending on the glycosylation pattern. This knowledge will pave the way for the development of homogeneous biologics by chemical synthesis.

scholarly journals Study of Asssociation of Concha Bullosa with Rhinosinusitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Shrikrishna B H ◽  
Jyothi A C
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Radiological Assessment ◽  
Concha Bullosa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Strength Of Association ◽  
Larger Sample

Introduction There are several studies with contradictory findings about the role of concha bullosa with predisposition to rhinosinusitis. This study was conducted to assess the relationship of osteomeatal unit blockage with concha bullosa. Materials and method A cross-sectional observational study by radiological assessment of prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis and blockage of ipsilateral osteomeatal unit was done on 100 cases of concha bullosa detected on computed tomography to determine the prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis in subjects with concha bullosa and to examine the latter’s relationship to osteomeatal unit blockage, which is a precursor for rhinosinusitis. Result One hundred cases of concha bullosa were studied in a total of 87 CT scan films depicting concha bullosa. Some CT scans showed unilateral concha bullosa while few scans showed bilateral concha bullosa. Ipsilateral rhinosinusitis was found in only 31% of the sides in scans of subjects with concha bullosa. Of the total 100 concha bullosae studied, extensive type was the commonest followed by bulbous and lamellar variety. Discussion Although rhinosinusitis was more predominant in the extensive type of concha bullosa compared to other types, it was statistically not significant and there was no statistically significant association between any type of concha bullosa with ipsilateral rhinosinusitis either in right side or left side. Conclusion This study has found no statistically significant association between any type of concha bullosa with rhinosinusitis. A bigger study with larger sample size is required to better assess the strength of association between concha bullosa and rhinosinusitis.

scholarly journals E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TRIM29 Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Growth and Progression via Stabilizing Yes-associated Protein 1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueqiang Deng ◽  
Xiaowei Fu ◽  
Hong Teng ◽  
Lu Fang ◽  
Bo Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Nude Mouse Model ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Signal Cascade ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Precise Role

Abstract Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most fatal digestive system cancers. tripartite motif-29 (TRIM29) has been reported as oncogene in several human cancers. However, the precise role and underlying signal cascade of TRIM29 in PC progression remain unclear.Methods: Western blot, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze TRIM29 and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) levels. CCK8 assays, EdU assays and flow cytometry were designed to explore the function and potential mechanism of TRIM29 and YAP1 in the proliferation of PC. Next, a nude mouse model of PC was established for validating the roles of TRIM29 and YAP1 in vivo. The relationship among TRIM29 and YAP1 was explored by co-immunoprecipitation and in vitro ubiquitination assay.Results: TRIM29 and YAP1 was significantly upregulated in PC patient samples, and TRIM29 expression was closely related to a malignant phenotype and poorer overall survival (OS) of PC patients. Functional assays revealed that TRIM29 knockdown suppresses cell growth, arrests cell cycle progression and promotes cell apoptosis of PC cells in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the rescue experiments demonstrated that TRIM29-induced proliferation is dependent on YAP1 in PC cells. Mechanistically, TRIM29 regulates YAP1 expression by directly binding to YAP1, and reduced its ubiquitination and degradation.Conclusion: Taken together, these results identify a novel mechanism used by PC growth, and provide insight regarding the role of TRIM29 in PC.

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