scholarly journals Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 in semen, seminal plasma, and spermatozoa pellet of COVID-19 patients in the acute stage of infection

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260187
Author(s):  
Lucie Delaroche ◽  
Mélanie Bertine ◽  
Pierre Oger ◽  
Diane Descamps ◽  
Florence Damond ◽  
...  

To date, there is limited information about the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in semen especially in the acute phase of the infection. While available data from cohort studies including a total of 342 patients in the acute or recovery phase of the infection are reassuring, one study mentioned detecting virus in the semen of 6/38 COVID-19 patients. Here we assessed SARS-CoV-2 presence in the semen of COVID-19 positive patients in the acute stage of infection, within 24 hours of the positive nasopharyngeal swabs. Semen, seminal plasma and spermatozoa pellet were screened for SARS-CoV-2 and manual or airborne contamination during semen sampling. Among the 32 COVID-19 volunteers, the median interval from the onset of symptoms to semen collection was 4 days [IQR: 0–8]. Only one presented positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR in semen and seminal plasma fractions, although the spermatozoa pellet was negative. Viral cultures were all negative. We observed slightly higher concentrations of bacterial DNA in the SARS-CoV-2 positive specimen than in all negative samples. The bacteria identified neither confirm nor rule out contamination by oropharyngeal secretions during collection. SARS-CoV-2 was rarely present in semen during the acute phase of the disease. This very rare situation could be connected to oral or manual contamination during semen collection. The possible presence of SARS-CoV-2 in semen calls for nasopharyngeal viral testing and strict hygiene protocols during semen collection before assisted reproductive attempts.

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Reham AbdElhamed AbdElmawla Elsaid ◽  
Amina Mohamed AbdElfatah Sliman

Objective: Stroke is considered the main health problem and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Stroke resulting in varied and unpredictable complications if not managed correctly in the acute stage with intensive rehabilitation therapy which may affect stroke prognosis, and resulting functional decline. Therefore, the aim of the study was to explore the consequences of rehabilitation versus conventional care on physiological parameters during the acute stroke recovery period.Methods: The quasi-experimental research design was used in the neurology department at Mansoura University Hospital. A convenient sample of sixty-four adult patients of both sex with stroke, who corresponded to inclusion criteria was assigned into two equal groups, study group (rehabilitation group) and control group (conventional care).Results: The results indicates, acute phase rehabilitation limit physiological parameters deterioration during acute stroke recovery period comparing to conventional care only.Conclusions: Acute phase stroke rehabilitation has a significant positive impact on physiological parameters.


Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1388
Author(s):  
Jordi Miró ◽  
Jaime Catalán ◽  
Henar Marín ◽  
Iván Yánez-Ortiz ◽  
Marc Yeste

While artificial insemination (AI) with frozen-thawed sperm results in low fertility rates in donkeys, the addition of seminal plasma, removed during cryopreservation, partially counteracts that reduction. Related to this, an apparent inflammatory reaction in jennies is induced following AI with frozen-thawed sperm, as a high amount of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are observed within the donkey uterus six hours after AI. While PMN appear to select the sperm that ultimately reach the oviduct, two mechanisms, phagocytosis and NETosis, have been purported to be involved in that clearance. Remarkably, sperm interacts with PMN, but the presence of seminal plasma reduces that binding. As seminal plasma is a complex fluid made up of different molecules, including proteins, this study aimed to evaluate how different seminal plasma fractions, separated by molecular weight (<3, 3–10, 10–30, 30–50, 50–100, and >100 kDa), affect sperm–PMN binding. Sperm motility, viability, and sperm–PMN binding were evaluated after 0 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, and 4 h of co-incubation at 38 °C. Two seminal plasma fractions, including 30–50 kDa or 50–100 kDa proteins, showed the highest sperm motility and viability. As viability of sperm not bound to PMN after 3 h of incubation was the highest in the presence of 30–50 and 50–100 kDa proteins, we suggest that both fractions are involved in the control of the jenny’s post-breeding inflammatory response. In conclusion, this study has shown for the first time that specific fractions rather than the entire seminal plasma modulate sperm–PMN binding within the donkey uterus. As several proteins suggested to be involved in the control of post-AI endometritis have a molecular weight between 30 and 100 kDa, further studies aimed at determining the identity of these molecules and evaluating their potential effect in vivo are much warranted.


2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E.-H. Ghaoui ◽  
L. Gillan ◽  
P. C. Thomson ◽  
G. Evans ◽  
W. M. C. Maxwell

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
Patricia Wolkmer ◽  
Andressa M. G. Stumm ◽  
Luiz F. K. Borges ◽  
Eduarda P. T. Ferreira ◽  
Bruna Favaretto ◽  
...  

This experiment aims to evaluate the correlation between lipid peroxidation levels in serum and seminal plasma in equines. Also, it investigates the lipid peroxidation in extended semen samples and its effects and sperm motility during a 72 hr refrigeration period. Blood and semen were collected from fertile Crioulo stallions. Serum and seminal plasma lipid peroxidation levels were analyzed by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) immediately after semen collection. After addition of extender (hour = 0), diluted semen was refrigerated and stored at 5 &deg;C. Semen analyses, TBARS and catalase activity were performed in extended semen at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours. We noted that levels of plasma lipid peroxidation can be used as an indicative of seminal oxidative stress. Also, lipid peroxidation does not increase substantially during semen storage. Lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant enzyme catalase do not seem to be the major cause of loss and motility and consequently reduction in fertility in stallion semen during storage for 72 h at 5 &deg;C.


Author(s):  
O. V. Demydas

Objective — to analyze clinical neurological manifestations in patients suffering from peptic ulcer disease in the acute phase and in remission, based on the findings of a comprehensive clinical neurological, neuropsychological and paraclinical study. Methods and subjects.  84 patients suffering from PUD were comprehensively examined while in the acute phase of the disease and then all 84 were reexamined while in remission. The age range of the patients was from 25 to 60 years. The average age of the patient was 39.90 ± 1.29 years. The examined individuals were destributed into two groups based on whether they presented symptoms of an acute phase or remission of the peptic ulcer disease. The comprehensive examination included: interview and complaint analysis, neurological examination focused on the state of the autonomic nervous system, study of the neuropsychological differences (the trait and state anxiety levels monitoring based on the Spielberg‑Khanin scale, depressive state evaluation using Beck Depression Inventory, self‑perceived health assessment, mood and activity monitoring using the SAN questionnaire, cognitive impairment evaluation using the MMSE scale, assessment of the refocusing speeds and performance distribution using Schulte tables), as well as lab tests and procedures. Results. Most often, subjects complained of headache (74 (88.0 %) in the acute stage and 37 (44.0 %) in remission). The second most common was a complaint of pain in the thoracic spine (69 (82.1 %) and 35 (41.6 %), respectively). Complaints of dizziness, pain in the heart, palpitations, «interruptions» in the heart, paresthesia were often recorded. In 11 (12.4 %) patients with duodenal ulcer in the acute stage experienced episodes of syncopal state, while in the remission stage they were absent. Complaints that indicated the presence of psychoemotional disorders were anxiety, decreased memory and attention, and sleep disturbances. In patients with duodenal ulcer disease we revealed lesions of the central and peripheral nervous system. Central nervous system disorders were manifested in the form of vestibulo‑cerebellar syndrome (in 30 (35.7 %) patients in the acute stage and in 14 (16.6 %) in the remission stage), extrapyramidal disorders (respectively in 10 (11.9 %) and 4 (4.76 %)) and signs of pyramidal dysfunction (37 (44.0 %) and 15 (17.8 %)). Clinical and neurological examination of the peripheral nervous system in 68 (80.9 %) patients with peptic ulcer in the acute stage and in 31 (36.9 %) in the remission stage revealed polyneuropathy syndrome of varying degrees. Signs of polyneuropathy were accompanied by complaints of disorders of the peripheral nervous system (45 (53.5 %) and 15 (17.8 %) cases, respectively). In 27.4 % of patients with peptic ulcer disease in the acute stage of the complaint were absent at all, and only a thorough neurological examination revealed signs of polyneuropathy. In 56 (66.6 %) patients with peptic ulcer disease in the acute stage and 28 (33.3 %) in the remission stage, the morbidity of paravertebral points in the lower thoracic spine was revealed. Conclusions. Having analyzed the data obtained through the interviews, as well as the neurological characteristics of patients with peptic ulcer disease of the duodenum in the acute phase and in remission it was concluded that most of the somatic complaints and neurological manifestations were common in both the acute phase and the remission of the disease. However, all of the identified neurological differences were significantly more common in the acute phase of the disease.  


1996 ◽  
Vol 318 (3) ◽  
pp. 939-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi ITOH ◽  
Masaki TOMITA ◽  
Hirofumi UCHINO ◽  
Takahiko KOBAYASHI ◽  
Hiroaki KATAOKA ◽  
...  

By using a combination of the methods of reverse transcription-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends, a cDNA for rat pS2 peptide (rpS2) was successfully cloned and sequenced from rat stomach. By RNA blot analysis, the gene was shown to be expressed abundantly in the stomach and only faintly in the duodenum, but not in other tissues including the distal small and large intestines. rpS2 expression was also examined in the rectum during the course of acetic acid-induced colitis; rpS2 mRNA was detected during the acute phase of colitis but not in normal controls or during the recovery phase. On the other hand, expression of rat intestinal trefoil factor (rITF) was down-regulated during the acute phase of colitis and then up-regulated during the recovery phase, whereas rat spasmolytic peptide was not detectable throughout the course of the induced colitis. These results indicate that the patterns and timing of the expression of these trefoil peptides are different from each other. rpS2 may play an important role in the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells during the acute phase of mucosal ulceration, whereas rITF may be involved in differentiation of the cells, particularly to form goblet cells, during the recovery phase.


SPERMOVA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Wilber Garcia ◽  
◽  
Edwar Maxi ◽  
Veronica Macedo ◽  
Elizabeth Mendoza ◽  
...  

The objective was to evaluate the effect of two methods of freezing on seminal quality and effect of seminal plasma as an inducer of ovulation in pregnancy percentages in inseminated alpacas. The semen collection was made post copula. After the collection of the ejaculates, motility and volume were assessed. The ejaculates with volume (≥1 ml) and motility (≥ 60%) were mixed (pool), 80 % was used (3 samples/pool) and 20 % (2 samples/pool) during the experiment. Then and diluted in Tris-base with 20% egg yolk. The samples were cooled 1.5 hours at 5 °C. At that temperature it was combined with the basic dilutor plus glycerol, obtaining a final concentration of 5% glycerol, then they were packed in 0.5 mL (13 x 106 spem/straw) straws to be frozen by horizontal and vertical methods. The seminal (semen + vaginal fluid) quality analysis was performed fresh and after cooling and thawing. Insemination was performed in two groups with thawed semen from two straws of the vertical method, the first group 20 females induced to ovulate with GnRH analog, the second group 20 females induced to ovulate with seminal plasma. When comparing, the results obtained of motility, viability, HOST and acrosomal integrity of fresh sperm, after the freezing process, decreased (p<0.05) compared to fresh and refrigerated samples. On the other hand, when comparing the freezing methods, the sperm values frozen by the vertical method were higher than those obtained by the horizontal method, with (p<0.05) in motility and HOST without (p>0.05) in acrosomal integrity and viability. The vertical semen freezing method can replace the horizontal method to obtain pregnancy.


2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-398
Author(s):  
I F Akhtyamov ◽  
F V Shakirova ◽  
L D Zubairova ◽  
E B Gatina ◽  
E I Aliev

Aim. To assess the plasma protein fractions as organism’s reaction to osteosynthesis by medical devices made of medical steel and of medical steel coated by titanium and gafnium nitrides mixture. Methods. Diaphyseal tibial fracture was modeled on 30 rabbits with further assessment of animal organism reaction to osteosynthesis by pins made of medical steel and of medical steel coated by super-hard metal nitrides mixture. The change of blood plasma protein fractions and acute phase reactants was used as an indicator. Measurements were performed before the osteosynthesis and on the 5th and 180th day after the surgery. Results. Together with the stable level of total blood protein, dysproteinemia characteristic for acute phase of the inflammation was observed after the trauma and reparatory process induction. Two-waived reaction was registered. The first developed at the 5th day after the surgery and was characterized by the drop of blood albumin level together with α- and β2-globulin levels increase, the reaction was observed in the intervention group earlier compared to control group. The second wave developed at the 180th day and was characterized by β2- and γ-globulin levels increase. The registered changes corresponded with the phases of acute non-specific response, which includes the overproduction of «positive» and decreased production of «negative» acute phase reactants by liver, influenced by cytokines, as well as later adaptive immune response. Conclusion. Overall, the intensity of acute phase reactions was lower in the intervention group, indicating less damage associated with titanium and gafnium nitrides coated implants use.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
T. A. Novikova ◽  
E. V. Yeletskaya ◽  
T. F. Ivanova ◽  
V. G. Amcheslavsky

Introduction. In modern literature, there is a limited information on the techniques of extracorporeal detoxification in children with severe concomitant injuries. Moreover, in fact there are no data on their application in children with severe concomitant traumatic brain injuries. It has defined the relevance of this research.Purpose. To improve outcomes of treatment in children with severe concomitant traumatic brain injuries who have manifestations of toxic-resorptive syndrome (TRS), septic complications, acute renal failure of mixed genesis using a combined application of extracorporeal detoxification techniques.Material and methods. The article describes authors’ experience in a combined application of extracorporeal detoxification techniques, including continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) and membrane plasma separation (MPS) in ICU patients with severe concomitant traumatic brain injuries complicated by toxic-resorptive syndrome, sepsis and septic shock.Results. The combined application of extracorporeal detoxification techniques promoted the regression of toxic-resorptive syndrome, shock reversal, stabilization of hemodynamic parameters, parameters of internal homeostasis as well as the regression of multiple organ failure.Conclusion. Early extracorporeal detoxification improves clinical course at the acute stage of trauma. The authors underline that the key requirement for safety in extracorporeal detoxification in patients with severe concomitant traumatic brain injury is the invasive monitoring of intracranial pressure.


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