scholarly journals Incidence of common infectious diseases in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0261332
Author(s):  
Kenji Hibiya ◽  
Hiroyoshi Iwata ◽  
Takeshi Kinjo ◽  
Akira Shinzato ◽  
Masao Tateyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Cross Correlation Analysis ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Contact Transmission ◽  
Exanthema Subitum ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Recent reports indicate that respiratory infectious diseases were suppressed during the novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 led to behavioral changes aimed to control droplet transmission or contact transmission. In this study, we examined the incidence of common infectious diseases in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 data were extracted from the national data based on the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases (NESID). Common infectious diseases were selected from notifiable infectious diseases under the NESID. The epidemic activity of the diseases during 2015–2020 was evaluated based on the Infectious Disease Weekly Reports published by the National Institute of Infectious Diseases. Each disease was then categorized according to the route of transmission. Many Japanese people had adopted hygienic activities, such as wearing masks and hand washing, even before the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined the correlation between the time-series of disease counts of common infectious diseases and COVID-19 over time using cross-correlation analysis. The weekly number of cases of measles, rotavirus, and several infections transmitted by droplet spread, was negatively correlated with the weekly number of cases of COVID-19 for up to 20 weeks in the past. According to the difference-in-differences analysis, the activity of influenza and rubella was significantly lower starting from the second week in 2020 than that in 2015–2019. Only legionellosis was more frequent throughout the year than in 2015–2019. Lower activity was also observed in some contact transmitted, airborne-transmitted, and fecal-oral transmitted diseases. However, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, exanthema subitum, showed the same trend as that over the previous 5 years. In conclusion, our study shows that public health interventions for the COVID-19 pandemic may have effectively prevented the transmission of most droplet-transmitted diseases and those transmitted through other routes.

scholarly journals Medical rehabilitation and infectious diseases in children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
EV Melnikova ◽  
NM Khasanova ◽  
SN Chuprova ◽  
AN Uskov ◽  
NV Skripchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
Potential Formulation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Rehabilitation Potential ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Goals And Objectives

Today, medical rehabilitation is undergoing significant transformation. The new system built around the biopsychosocial model includes assessment of physical constraints and rehabilitation diagnosis, determination of rehabilitation potential, formulation of goals and objectives of individual interventions, development of rehabilitation plans, and progress evaluation. All of these rehabilitation components can be implemented using a personalized, problem-oriented, multidisciplinary approach, which is now being actively introduced into clinical practice. The current pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection has demonstrated that medical rehabilitation is crucial for convalescents. However, its principles and techniques have not been fully elaborated yet. This review describes the current state of medical rehabilitation of children with or after infectious diseases and identifies its avenues and prospects.

scholarly journals 3D virtual visual plane design method based on ordered point sequence under the influence of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 8731-8738
Author(s):  
Zhang Xi
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Graphic Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Virtual Design ◽  
Distance Calculation ◽  
Contact Transmission ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Aided Design

The transmission routes of novel coronavirus pneumonia include direct transmission, aerosol transmission and contact transmission. Therefore, the novel coronavirus pneumonia has been spread very quickly. This has a certain impact on the development of graphic design. Graphic design plays an important role in product design. However, the traditional aided design method is too complex, and it is difficult for designers to design works that meet their own needs. In the design of 3D virtual vision graphics, the distance calculation of time series is not accurate. This kind of error will bring some errors to the design of complex curved surface products. In order to measure the similarity of time series effectively, the calculation principle of Euclidean distance and dynamic bending distance is analyzed. Combined with the advantages of these two methods, a new distance calculation method based on morphological fitting is proposed. In this paper, through the research of ordered point sequence, the 3D virtual design method is used to improve the design effect, which has reference value for the design of works that meet the requirements of designers during the popularity of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Increases in Use of Psychiatric Sick Leave During the COVID-19 Pandemic by Healthcare Workers in a Municipality of Argentina. Observed Versus Expected Cases in 2020 compared to Historical data.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustina M Marconi ◽  
Ursula S Myers ◽  
Alfredo M Retamar ◽  
Ivanna Jazmin Freddi ◽  
Rafael Zamora
Keyword(s):  
Sick Leave ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Municipal Level ◽  
Wide Pressure

Abstract Background: The severe respiratory syndrome caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS CoV 2) has caused world-wide pressure on the healthcare workers attempting to treat millions of individuals ill with COVID-19, in addition to their regular duties. Aims: examine the use of psychiatric leave by Argentinian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic; explore differences by gender. Methods: analysis of “excess of psychiatric sick leave” in health workers at a municipal level for Buenos Aires, January- October 2020. We used historical cases of psychiatric sick leave (2015-2019) and those requested in 2020. The differences between gender were determined using difference in proportions among groups. Results: The excess of psychiatric sick leave in 2020 compared to historical data was 161.90%. The difference in proportion per sex showed a significant 59.34% towards female. Conclusions: healthcare workers in the Argentinian municipality of Vicente Lopez used significantly higher number of psychiatric sick leaves during pandemic. The higher rates of psychiatric sick leave used by female replicate findings of higher rates of psychological symptoms in female healthcare workers.

Occupational morbidity in the Samara Region and its dynamics in the context of the pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
S.A. Babanov
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Occupational Infectious Diseases ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Occupational Allergies

The indicators of occupational morbidity in the Samara Region and its dynamics in the context of the pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 are presented. In 2020, out of 127 acute and chronic occupational diseases diagnosed in 11 months, 22.05 % (28 cases) were diagnosed with professional sensorineural hearing loss, 5.51 % (7 cases) with dust lung diseases, 5.51 % (7 cases) — atrophic rhinopharyngolaryngitis, in 3.94 % (5 cases) — occupational allergies in the form of occupational bronchial asthma and eczema, in 3.94 % (5 cases) — vibration disease, in 1.57 % (2 cases) — chronic occupational radiculopathy, in 0.79 % (1 case) — oncological occupational pathology (dermatosarcoma of the hand), in 3.14 % (4 cases) — occupational infectious diseases (except for COVID-19).

Ophthalmic Manifestations of Neurologic, Rheumatologic, and Infectious Diseases in the Context of the novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Case Series

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Altered Level ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Ophthalmic Manifestations ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known to present with a broad range of clinical manifestations. While symptoms such as fever, cough, dyspnea, myalgias, diarrhea, anosmia, and ageusia predominate, less common manifestations involving multiple systems have also been described. Some reported ocular manifestations include symptoms associated with keratoconjunctivitis, such as chemosis, ocular pain, photophobia, dry eye and tearing [1]. Neurological symptoms in addition to smell and taste dysfunction have been commonly described as well, and include headache, ataxia, dizziness, altered level of consciousness, and stroke [2]. Whether these neuro-ophthalmologic findings reflect direct involvement of these systems or a more generalized response to SARS-CoV-2 infection remains uncertain. Many other neurologic, rheumatologic, and infectious diseases also present with similar clinical findings as those described in COVID-19, further complicating the diagnostic picture. In this case series, we examine several patients presenting with unusual neuro-ophthalmological manifestations and discuss similarities of these findings with those seen in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and review current literature describing possible mechanisms underlying similar findings in patients with confirmed COVID-19.

scholarly journals Mental Health of School-Going Children during Existing Lockdown Situation Due to COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Muhammad Anwar Hossain ◽  
Sanjida Rahman ◽  
Md Rezaul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Family Members ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

During this epidemic of COVID-19, children are in need of much concentration and profound love of the senior family members. Although the measures taken by the organizations are necessary to prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus, they may be causing widespread mental health issues, including depression and loneliness. Therefore, it is imperative that parents have to spend the lion-share of time with children while listening to them cordially. Parents can participate in sports with them to help them stay fit so that they can enjoy commemorating moments. However, in this additional time, the parents can also make them habituated to practice the rules of health, so does social distancing. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2020;7(1):33-37

scholarly journals Polls and the Pandemic: Estimating the Electoral Effects of a SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak

2020 ◽  
pp. 147892992097918
Author(s):  
Indraneel Sircar
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Power ◽  
Parliamentary Election ◽  
County Level ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Electoral Impact ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the associated Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have had far-reaching health, economic, social and political impacts. The latter is the focus of this research note, which proposes using a difference-in-differences approach to estimate the electoral impact of reported SARS-CoV-2 infection rates. The approach is illustrated using data from the 2020 Croatian parliamentary election. The outcomes of interest are the vote shares for the dominant Croatian Democratic Union party, as well as the turnout. The analysis concludes that there is no evidence that reported county-level infection rates affected Croatian Democratic Union support or turnout. However, results using this approach may be affected by the statistical power of the analysis, issues related to causal identification and reliability of infection rate measures. Nonetheless, the difference-in-differences approach can potentially be applied in contexts around the world to estimate the electoral impact of reported SARS-CoV-2 infection rates.

scholarly journals Does the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine provide protection from COVID-19?

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya Roy
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Prevention And Cure ◽  
Heterologous Protection ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Objective: The novel coronavirus pandemic is ravaging throughout the world. It has infected more than 1.2 million people and killed more than 64,000. Frantic research is underway to find prevention and cure. Of late, Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) has been speculated as a possible protection from COVID-19. We sought to investigate the evidence behind the claim. Material and Methods: Data were collected regarding the total number of COVID-19 cases per million and total number of COVID-19 deaths per million in various countries. The BCG vaccination policies of these countries were also obtained. Results: It was seen that the countries with no universal BCG policy had a mean 1272.9 (median 795) cases per million and 80.7 deaths (median 18) per million population. On the contrary, the countries with a universal BCG vaccination policy had a mean 131.2 (median 40) cases per million and 4 deaths (median 1) per population. The difference is highly significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The data strongly support the hypothesis that BCG may offer protection from COVID-19. Heterologous protection offered by BCG through production of trained immunity, epigenetic reprogramming of monocytes, non-specific activation of NK cells, and increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines (particularly, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha and interleukin 1 beta) production may be the mechanism behind its cross- protection against the novel coronavirus.

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