scholarly journals Social jetlag and sleep debts are altered in different rosters of night shift work

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262049
Author(s):  
Swaantje Casjens ◽  
Frank Brenscheidt ◽  
Anita Tisch ◽  
Beate Beermann ◽  
Thomas Brüning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Social Jetlag ◽  
Sleep Debt ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Night Shifts

Background Night and shift work are suspected to cause various adverse effects on health and sleep. Sleep deprivation through shift work is assumed to be compensated on free days. So far it is not clear how different shift systems and shift lengths affect sleep structure on work and free days. Especially working night shifts disrupts the circadian rhythm but also extended working hours (12h) might affect sleep characteristics. Hitherto, the magnitude of sleep debt, social jetlag, and Locomotor Inactivity During Sleep (LIDS) in different shift systems is unknown. Methods Here, we investigated the impact of five different shift rosters on sleep in 129 industrial workers from Germany. Permanent night work with multiple shift systems with and without night shifts and with different shift lengths were compared. Wrist-activity was monitored over 28 days revealing sleep on- and offsets as well as LIDS as proxy for sleep quality. Overall, 3,865 sleep bouts comprising 22,310 hours of sleep were examined. Results The mean daily age-adjusted sleep duration (including naps) was 6:43h and did not differ between shift workers of different rosters. However, sleep duration on workdays was particularly low in rotational shift systems with 12h-shifts (5:00h), while overall sleep debt was highest. Shift workers showed a median absolute social jetlag of 3:03h, which differed considerably between shift types and rosters (p<0.0001). Permanent night workers had the highest social jetlag (5:08h) and latest mid-sleeps on workdays and free days. Sleep quality was reduced in permanent night shift workers compared with shift workers in other rosters and differed between daytime and nighttime sleep. Conclusions Shift work leads to partial sleep deprivation, which particularly affects workers in 12h-shifts and permanent night shifts. Working these shifts resulted in higher sleep debts and larger absolute social jetlag whereas sleep quality was especially reduced in permanent night shift workers compared with shift workers of other rosters.

scholarly journals Chronotype-specific Sleep in Two Versus Four Consecutive Shifts

2021 ◽  
pp. 074873042110060
Author(s):  
Dorothee Fischer ◽  
Till Roenneberg ◽  
Céline Vetter
Keyword(s):  
Night Shift ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Sequence Length ◽  
Consecutive Night ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Sleep Diaries ◽  
Social Jetlag ◽  
Sleep Debt ◽  
Night Shifts

The study aimed to explore chronotype-specific effects of two versus four consecutive morning or night shifts on sleep-wake behavior. Sleep debt and social jetlag (a behavioral proxy of circadian misalignment) were estimated from sleep diary data collected for 5 weeks in a within-subject field study of 30 rotating night shift workers (29.9 ± 7.3 years, 60% female). Mixed models were used to examine whether effects of shift sequence length on sleep are dependent on chronotype, testing the interaction between sequence length (two vs. four) and chronotype (determined from sleep diaries). Analyses of two versus four morning shifts showed no significant interaction effects with chronotype. In contrast, increasing the number of night shifts from two to four increased sleep debt in early chronotypes, but decreased sleep debt in late types, with no change in intermediate ones. In early types, the higher sleep debt was due to accumulated sleep loss over four night shifts. In late types, sleep duration did not increase over the course of four night shifts, so that adaptation is unlikely to explain the observed lower sleep debt. Late types instead had increased sleep debt after two night shifts, which was carried over from two preceding morning shifts in this schedule. Including naps did not change the findings. Social jetlag was unaffected by the number of consecutive night shifts. Our results suggest that consecutive night shifts should be limited in early types. For other chronotypes, working four night shifts might be a beneficial alternative to working two morning and two night shifts. Studies should record shift sequences in rotating schedules.

scholarly journals Working the Night Shift: The Impact of Compensating Wages and Local Economic Conditions on Shift Choice

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colene Trent ◽  
Walter J. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Compensating Differentials ◽  
Switching Regression ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Night Shift Work ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Night Shifts

The theory of compensating differentials asserts that night shift workers should receive compensating wage differentials due to undesirable work conditions. In weak local economies, workers may have difficulty finding jobs; thus, these workers might be more likely to accept night shift work and be less concerned with the size of the compensating differential for night shifts. Using CPS data from 2001, this paper employs maximum likelihood estimation of an endogenous switching regression model to analyze wages of day and night shift workers and shift choice. The findings indicate the presence of selection bias, thus emphasizing the importance of correcting for self-selection into night shifts. The average of the estimated wage differentials for night shift work is negative for the overall sample, with differentials varying by worker characteristics. The shift differential is found to be a statistically significant predictor of shift choice, indicating that shift premiums play an important role in motivating individuals to select night shift work. Using two measures of local economic conditions and a new method of analyzing interaction effects in the context of an endogenous switching regression model, this paper finds limited evidence that weak local economic conditions lessen the impact of compensating differentials on shift choice.

scholarly journals Disturbances of Autonomic Regulation of Cardiovascular System at Different Working Regimes with Night Shifts

Kardiologiia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Merkulov ◽  
A. A. Pyatkov ◽  
S. G. Gorokhova ◽  
D. M. Merkulova ◽  
O. Yu. Atkov
Keyword(s):  
Shift Work ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Orthostatic Test ◽  
Heart Rhythm Variability ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Rotating Shift Work ◽  
Night Shifts

Aim        To study temporal and spectral characteristics of heart rhythm variability (HRV) in night shift workers.Materials and methods       Along with traditional risk factors, conditions of labor contribute to development of cardiovascular morbidity, including night shift work, which can be associated with disorders of the autonomic regulation detected by analysis of HRV. This study included 100 healthy men. 74 of them were engaged in shift work, including 53 men with rotating shift work, 21 men with fixed night shifts, and 26 men with day-time work. HRV was analyzed by data of 5-min electrocardiogram recording (background recording and orthostatic test).Results   Night-shift workers had decreases in total power of regulation (ТР, SDNN) and in the parasympathetic branch (HF, pNN50). Rotating night-shift workers displayed significant decreases in SDNN and pNN50 and pronounced changes in the VLF / LF / HF ratio in the orthostatic test.Conclusion            In work with night shifts, the type of autonomic regulation differs from the “standard” functioning of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). This study showed different effects of night work regimens on HRV indexes. With the rotating shift work, the ANS dysregulation was more profound and was evident by a significant decrease in the ANS total tone and parasympathetic activity (SDNN, pNN50) compared to night shifts with fixed working hours. The excessive weakening of the parasympathetic component in the passive orthostatic test can be considered as an early marker for ANS maladaptation. 

Serotonin variations and sleep disorders among shift workers. A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 074823372110331
Author(s):  
Rehab Shehata Abdelhady Shehata ◽  
Zeinab Ahmed Mohamed Nour ◽  
Amul Mohamed Abdelrahim Badr ◽  
Eman Mahmoud Khalifa
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Serotonin Level ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Blood Serotonin

Sleep disorders are prevalent occupational health problems among shift workers, especially healthcare workers with long shifts. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter related to circadian variations accompanied by shift work. A cross-sectional study was performed on 73 nurses at a tertiary hospital in Cairo, Egypt, to assess sleep quality among shift work nurses (SWNs), to determine blood serotonin level, and its relation to shift work and sleep quality. A demographic and occupational history questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, and measurement of blood serotonin were carried out to the studied group. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25, and descriptive statistics, unpaired t-test, ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis Test, Chi-square, Spearman correlation, and multivariate regression analysis were utilized. The results showed that the mean PSQI global score was significantly higher among SWNs than non-shift work nurses (NSWNs) and was the highest (10.32 ± 3.56 and 10.22 ± 2.4, respectively) among rotatory and fixed night shift nurses. Blood serotonin showed highly significant differences between SWNs over NSWNs ( p = 0.001), and mostly reduced among rotatory and fixed night shift nurses (66.7% and 65%, respectively). Moreover, there were highly significant differences in serotonin levels between poor and good sleep quality nurses ( p < 0.001), and most of the poor sleep quality nurses (62.7%) had low serotonin levels. Abnormal serotonin level (odds = 246.5) and working years (odds = 1.2) were statistically significant predictors of poor sleep quality. In conclusion, SWNs, especially rotating and night shift nurses, suffer from poor sleep quality associated with abnormal levels of blood serotonin.

scholarly journals Designing Light for Night Shift Workers: Application of Nonvisual Lighting Design Principles in an Industrial Production Line

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10896
Author(s):  
Johannes Zauner ◽  
Herbert Plischke
Keyword(s):  
Shift Work ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Stimulus Range ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Rotating Shift Work ◽  
Lighting Simulation ◽  
Night Shifts

Chronodisruption deteriorates the health and wellbeing of shift workers. Artificial light at night and the lack of light during the day are major contributors to chronodisruption and need to be optimized in shift work scenarios. Here, we present one solution for a lighting and automation system in an industrial production workplace. The setting is a rapidly rotating shift work environment with morning, evening, and night shifts. We describe a procedure to specify the new lighting through a software-agnostic nonvisual lighting simulation for artificial and daylighting scenarios. Through this process, a new luminaire is created, called Drosa, that allows for a large melanopic stimulus range between 412 and 73 lx melanopic equivalent daylight (D65) illuminance vertically at eye level, while maintaining a neutral white illuminance at task level between 1250 and 900 lx, respectively. This is possible through a combination of glare-free spotlights with adjustable areal wing lights. An individually programmed automation system controls the light dosage and timing during the day and night. The work is relevant for other shift work scenarios, where the presented example and the discussed rationale behind the automation might provide insights. The work is further relevant for other lighting scenarios beyond industrial shift work, as the nonvisual lighting simulation process can be adapted to any context.

scholarly journals Night shift work is associated with an increased risk of asthma

Thorax ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J Maidstone ◽  
James Turner ◽  
Celine Vetter ◽  
Hassan S Dashti ◽  
Richa Saxena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionShift work causes misalignment between internal circadian time and the external light/dark cycle and is associated with metabolic disorders and cancer. Approximately 20% of the working population in industrialised countries work permanent or rotating night shifts, exposing this large population to the risk of circadian misalignment-driven disease. Analysis of the impact of shift work on chronic inflammatory diseases is lacking. We investigated the association between shift work and asthma.MethodsWe describe the cross-sectional relationship between shift work and prevalent asthma in >280000 UK Biobank participants, making adjustments for major confounding factors (smoking history, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, physical activity, body mass index). We also investigated chronotype.ResultsCompared with day workers, ‘permanent’ night shift workers had a higher likelihood of moderate-severe asthma (OR 1.36 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.8)) and all asthma (OR 1.23 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.46)). Individuals doing any type of shift work had higher adjusted odds of wheeze/whistling in the chest. Shift workers who never or rarely worked on nights and people working permanent nights had a higher adjusted likelihood of having reduced lung function (FEV1 <80% predicted). We found an increase in the risk of moderate-severe asthma in morning chronotypes working irregular shifts, including nights (OR 1.55 (95% CI 1.06 to 2.27)).ConclusionsThe public health implications of these findings are far-reaching due to the high prevalence and co-occurrence of both asthma and shift work. Future longitudinal follow-up studies are needed to determine if modifying shift work schedules to take into account chronotype might present a public health measure to reduce the risk of developing inflammatory diseases such as asthma.

Abstract 14384: Light Therapy Improves Circadian Blood Pressure Control and Glucose Homeostasis in Rotating Night Shift Workers via Mechanisms Independent of Melatonin

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Hannemann ◽  
Anika Laing ◽  
Benita Middleton ◽  
Jonathan Cridland ◽  
Bart Staels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Night Shifts

Introduction: Night shift work is associated with high rates of hypertension, heart disease, and metabolic syndrome. These cardiometabolic diseases have been linked to the disruption of circadian rhythms in night shift workers. Rotating night shift work is increasingly common in the working population worldwide. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that light therapy might help to normalize disrupted circadian rhythms and stabilize diurnal control of blood pressure and glucose tolerance in rotating night shift workers. Methods: We randomized 24 rotating night shift workers (mean age, 36±13 years, 7 males) who had spent a median of 6 years on rotating night shifts with a median of 6 night shifts/month to 12 weeks of light therapy (light during first half of each night shift and in the morning of off-work days) or no intervention and compared them with 12 daytime workers (37±11 years, 6 males). We measured oral glucose tolerance (OGTT), 24h blood pressure and arterial stiffness, and the circadian profiles of melatonin, cortisol, metanephrine and normetanephrine at baseline, after 12 weeks of intervention, and 12 weeks after the end of intervention. Results: At baseline, fewer night shift workers showed dipper status of blood pressure as compared to daytime workers (21% vs. 55%; p<0.001). After 12 weeks of light therapy, there was a highly significant increase in the proportion of dippers (to 42%; p<0.0001). We also observed a significant decrease in serum glucose during OGTT in the light therapy group (-22%; p<0.05), with no change in serum insulin. Whilst circadian profiles of melatonin and cortisol were unchanged, there was a significant reduction in nighttime plasma metanephrine and normetanephrine levels in the light therapy group (p<0.01). Conclusions: Chronotherapeutic light therapy significantly improves diurnal blood pressure control and glucose tolerance in rotating night shift workers. This effect is unrelated to mechanisms traditionally linked to the circadian clock like melatonin and cortisol, but it is paralleled by reduced catecholamine levels. Our data suggest that chronotherapeutic light therapy may improve the adjustment to atypical working hours in rotating night shift workers, thereby reducing stress and improving cardiometabolic function.

Association between night-shift work, sleep quality and metabolic syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 716-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Cheng Lim ◽  
Victor C W Hoe ◽  
Azlan Darus ◽  
Nirmala Bhoo-Pathy
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Global Score ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Night Shift Work

ObjectivesOccupational factors, particularly night-shift work, are attracting growing interest as a possible determinant of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to determine the association between night-shift work and MetS, and assess whether sleep quality is a mediating factor.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among Malaysian manufacturing workers, aged 40–65 years old. They completed a self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographics, lifestyle and family history, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein levels were measured. Baron and Kenny’s method, Sobel test and multiple mediation models with bootstrapping were used to determine whether the PSQI global score or its components mediated the association between night-shift work and MetS.ResultsOf the 494 participants, 177 (36%) worked night shift and 51% were men. The prevalence of MetS was 37%. Night-shift work was independently associated with a twofold increase in the risk of MetS (adjusted OR: 1.92, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.97). However, the association between night-shift work and MetS did not appear to be modified by sex. Night-shift workers also reported significantly poorer sleep quality, longer sleep latency, shorter sleep duration, sleep disturbances and daytime dysfunction. Robust mediation analysis nonetheless showed that neither PSQI global score nor its components mediated the association between night-shift work and MetS.ConclusionEarly screening and management of MetS and the development of programmes to improve sleep quality should be carried out among night-shift workers. Future research should investigate other modifiable mediators linking night-shift work and MetS.

scholarly journals The Impact of Social Jetlag on Sleep Quality among Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Hyeonjin Kang ◽  
Miyoung Lee ◽  
Sun Joo Jang
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Jetlag ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scale Data ◽  
Night Shifts

Social jetlag (SJL) refers to an asynchrony between one’s chronotype and social working hours, which can be detrimental to health. The current SJL situation in shift nurses who work in dysregulation is poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate SJL during night shifts and identify the predictors of sleep quality in rotating shift nurses. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 on a sample of 132 shift-working nurses from two general hospitals in South Korea (the response rate was 88.8%). The SJL was measured with the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, and sleep quality was measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Verran and Snyder–Halpern Sleep Scale. Data analysis was mainly based on a multiple regression, to identify SJL’s influence on nurses’ sleep quality. The average SJL during night shifts was 2 h and 3 min, and the average sleep duration during night shifts was 6 h 10 min. Multiple regression analysis revealed that SJL, day-shift fatigue, and sleep quality during night shifts affected nurses’ sleep quality. These variables accounted for 24.7% of the variance in overall sleep quality. The study concluded that overall sleep quality can increase with decreasing day-shift fatigue, decreasing SJL, and increasing sleep quality on night shifts.

scholarly journals Napping on the night shift and its impact on blood pressure and heart rate variability among emergency medical services workers: study protocol for a randomized crossover trial

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Daniel Patterson ◽  
Leonard S. Weiss ◽  
Matthew D. Weaver ◽  
David D. Salcido ◽  
Samantha E. Opitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Emergency Medical Services ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Randomized Crossover Trial ◽  
Night Shifts

Abstract Background There is an emerging body of evidence that links exposure to shift work to cardiovascular disease (CVD). The risk of coronary events, such as myocardial infarction, is greater among night shift workers compared to day workers. There is reason to believe that repeated exposure to shift work, especially night shift work, creates alterations in normal circadian patterns of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate variability (HRV) and that these alterations contribute to increased risk of CVD. Recent data suggest that allowing shift workers to nap during night shifts may help to normalize BP and HRV patterns and, over time, reduce the risk of CVD. The risk of CVD related to shift work is elevated for emergency medical services (EMS) shift workers due in part to long-duration shifts, frequent use of night shifts, and a high prevalence of multiple jobs. Methods We will use a randomized crossover trial study design with three study conditions. The targeted population is comprised of EMS clinician shift workers, and our goal enrollment is 35 total participants with an estimated 10 of the 35 enrolled not completing the study protocol or classified as lost to attrition. All three conditions will involve continuous monitoring over 72 h and will begin with a 36-h at-home period, followed by 24 total hours in the lab (including a 12-h simulated night shift), ending with 12 h at home. The key difference between the three conditions is the intra-shift nap. Condition 1 will involve a simulated 12-h night shift with total sleep deprivation. Condition 2 will involve a simulated 12-h night shift and a 30-min nap opportunity. Condition 3 will involve a simulated 12-h night shift with a 2-h nap opportunity. Our primary outcomes of interest include blunted BP dipping and reduced HRV as measured by the standard deviation of the inter-beat intervals of normal sinus beats. Non-dipping status will be defined as sleep hours BP dip of less than 10%. Discussion Our study will address two indicators of cardiovascular health and determine if shorter or longer duration naps during night shifts have a clinically meaningful impact. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04469803. Registered on 9 July 2020

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