scholarly journals Beyond the dichotomy: How ride-hailing competes with and complements public transport

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262496
Author(s):  
Oded Cats ◽  
Rafal Kucharski ◽  
Santosh Rao Danda ◽  
Menno Yap
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
The United States ◽  
Travel Times ◽  
Service Accessibility ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Us Cities ◽  
Public Transport Services ◽  
Two Alternatives

Since ride-hailing has become an important travel alternative in many cities worldwide, a fervent debate is underway on whether it competes with or complements public transport services. We use Uber trip data in six cities in the United States and Europe to identify the most attractive public transport alternative for each ride. We then address the following questions: (i) How does ride-hailing travel time and cost compare to the fastest public transport alternative? (ii) What proportion of ride-hailing trips do not have a viable public transport alternative? (iii) How does ride-hailing change overall service accessibility? (iv) What is the relation between demand share and relative competition between the two alternatives? Our findings suggest that the dichotomy—competing with or complementing—is false. Though the vast majority of ride-hailing trips have a viable public transport alternative, between 20% and 40% of them have no viable public transport alternative. The increased service accessibility attributed to the inclusion of ride-hailing is greater in our US cities than in their European counterparts. Demand split is directly related to the relative competitiveness of travel times i.e. when public transport travel times are competitive ride-hailing demand share is low and vice-versa.

On the synthesis of shear-coupled PL waves

1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1849-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Chander ◽  
L. E. Alsop ◽  
Jack Oliver
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Phase Velocity ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Shear Waves ◽  
The United States ◽  
Synthetic Seismograms ◽  
Travel Times ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
S Curve

ABSTRACT Using the shear-coupled PL wave hypothesis of Oliver as a basis, a method is developed for computing synthetic long-period seismograms between the onset of the initial S-type body phase and the beginning of surface waves. Comparison of observed and synthetic siesmograms shows that this hypothesis can explain, in considerable detail, most of the waves with periods greater than about 20 sec recorded during this interval. The synthetic seismograms are computed easily on a small digital computer; they resemble the observed seismograms much more closely than the synthetic seismograms obtained through the superposition of normal modes of the Earth that have been reported in the literature. The synthesis of shear-coupled PL waves depends on a precise knowledge of the phase-velocity curve of the PL wave and travel-time curves of shear waves. Hence, in principle, if one of these quantities is well-known the other can be determined by this method. Phase-velocity curves of the PL wave are determined for the Baltic shield, the Russian platform, the Canadian shield, the United States, and the western North-Atlantic ocean, on the assumption that J-B travel-time curves of shear waves apply to these areas. These dispersion curves show the type of variations to be expected on the basis of the current knowledge of the crustal structures in these areas. Examples are presented to show that J-B travel-times of shear waves along paths between Kenai Peninsula, Alaska and Palisades, equatorial mid-Atlantic ridge and Palisades, and Kurile Islands and Uppsala need to be revised. Shear-wave travel-time curves that are not unique for reasons explained in the study but that give synthetic seismograms in agreement with the observed seismograms were obtained. The new S curves are compared with the J-B travel-time curves for S; and they all predict S waves to arrive later than the time given by J-B tables for epicentral distances smaller than about 30°. The new S curve for the Alaska to Palisades path appears to agree with one of the branches of a multi-branched S curve proposed recently by Ibrahim and Nuttli for the ‘average United States’ insofar as travel-times are concerned, but there are some differences in the slopes of the two curves.

scholarly journals Preferensi Pengguna Angkutan Umum Penumpang di Kota Makassar

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
Aslam Jumain ◽  
Murshal Manaf ◽  
Qadriathi Dg. Bau
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Movement Characteristics ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Public Transport Services ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengakaji, menganalisis dan menginterpertasi; karakteristik penggunaan angkutan umum di Kota Makassar berdasarkan preferensi masyarakat dalam menggunakan angkutan umum dan pengaruh tingkat pelayanan angkutan umum terhadap preferensi menggunakan angkutan umum di Kota Makassar.. Penelitian ini merupakan bersifat deskriptif analisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data diperoleh dari hasil kuisioner menggunakan skala likert dan kuisioner karakteristik penggunaan angkutan umum. Variabel yang digunakan adalah karakteristik sosial ekonomi, karakteristik spasial, ciri pergerakan, ciri fasilitas moda, kualitas pelayanan dan kinerja angkutan umum. Analisa yang digunakan yaitu analisis statistik deskriptif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan perbedaan penggunaan antara angkutan kota dan angkutan berbasis online. Masyarakat cenderung menggunakan angkutan kota karena waktu terjadinya perjalanan dan biaya transportasi, sedangkan masyarakat cenderung menggunakan angkutan online karena waktu perjalanan dan aksesibilitas This study aims to assess, analyze and interpret; The characteristics of the use of public transportation in Makassar City based on people's preferences in using public transportation and the influence of the level of public transport services on preferences for using public transportation in Makassar City. This research is a descriptive analysis using a quantitative approach. Data obtained from questionnaires using a Likert scale and questionnaires on the characteristics of the use of public transportation. The variables used are socio-economic characteristics, spatial characteristics, movement characteristics, mode facilities characteristics, service quality and public transport performance. The analysis used is descriptive statistical analysis. The analysis results show the difference in use between city transportation and online-based transportation. People tend to use city transportation because of travel time and transportation costs, while people tend to use online transportation because of travel time and accessibility.

Modeling Arrival Flight Times within the Terminal Airspace

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110114
Author(s):  
Osama Alsalous ◽  
Susan Hotle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
The United States ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Travel Times ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
The Impact

Air traffic management efficiency in the descent phase of flights is a key area of interest in aviation research for the United States, Europe, and recently other parts of the world. The efficiency of arrival travel times within the terminal airspace is one of nineteen key performance indicators defined by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the International Civil Aviation Organization, typically within 100 nmi of arrival airports. This study models the relationship between travel time within the terminal airspace and contributing factors using a multivariate log-linear model to quantify the impact that these factors have on the total travel time within the last 100 nmi. The results were compared with the baseline set of variables that are currently used for benchmarking at the FAA. The analyzed data included flight and weather data from January 1, 2018 to March 31, 2018 for five airports in the United States: Chicago O’Hare International Airport, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International, San Francisco International Airport, John F. Kennedy International Airport, and LaGuardia Airport. The modeling results showed that there is a significant improvement in prediction accuracy of travel times compared with the baseline methodology when additional factors, such as wind, meteorological conditions, demand and capacity, ground delay programs, market distance, time of day, and day of week, are included. Root mean squared error values from out-of-sample testing were used to measure the accuracy of the estimated models.

scholarly journals Increased travel times to United States SARS-CoV-2 testing sites: a spatial modeling study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Rader ◽  
Christina M. Astley ◽  
Karla Therese L. Sy ◽  
Kara Sewalk ◽  
Yulin Hswen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
List Type ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Travel Times ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Geographic Accessibility

AbstractImportanceAccess to testing is key to a successful response to the COVID-19 pandemic.ObjectiveTo determine the geographic accessibility to SARS-CoV-2 testing sites in the United States, as quantified by travel time.DesignCross-sectional analysis of SARS-CoV-2 testing sites as of April 7, 2020 in relation to travel time.SettingUnited States COVID-19 pandemic.ParticipantsThe United States, including the 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia.ExposuresPopulation density, percent minority, percent uninsured, and median income by county from the 2018 American Community Survey demographic data.Main OutcomeSARS-CoV-2 testing sites identified in two national databases (Carbon Health and CodersAgainstCovid), geocoded by address. Median county 1 km2 gridded friction surface of travel times, as a measure of geographic accessibility to SARS-CoV-2 testing sites.Results6,236 unique SARS-CoV-2 testing sites in 3,108 United States counties were identified. Thirty percent of the U.S. population live in a county (N = 1,920) with a median travel time over 20 minutes. This was geographically heterogeneous; 86% of the Mountain division population versus 5% of the Middle Atlantic population lived in counties with median travel times over 20 min. Generalized Linear Models showed population density, percent minority, percent uninsured and median income were predictors of median travel time to testing sites. For example, higher percent uninsured was associated with longer travel time (β = 0.41 min/percent, 95% confidence interval 0.3-0.53, p = 1.2×10−12), adjusting for population density.Conclusions and RelevanceGeographic accessibility to SARS-Cov-2 testing sites is reduced in counties with lower population density and higher percent of minority and uninsured, which are also risk factors for worse healthcare access and outcomes. Geographic barriers to SARS-Cov-2 testing may exacerbate health inequalities and bias county-specific transmission estimates. Geographic accessibility should be considered when planning the location of future testing sites and interpreting epidemiological data.Key PointsSARS-CoV-2 testing sites are distributed unevenly in the US geography and population.Median county-level travel time to SARS-CoV-2 testing sites is longer in less densely populated areas, and in areas with a higher percentage of minority or uninsured populations.Improved geographic accessibility to testing sites is imperative to manage the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.

The Implications of Political Trust for Supporting Public Transport

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
JAE YOUNG LIM ◽  
KUK-KYOUNG MOON
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Social Equity ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Social Surveys ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Policy Attitudes

Abstract Despite the importance of public transport for urban vitality, social equity, and mobility, the discussions surrounding these topics have become heated ideological battles between liberals and conservatives in the United States, as in other countries. Conservatives, in particular, have exhibited anti-transit attitudes that have worked against the development of public transport. Scholars note that political trust functions as a heuristic and its impact is felt more strongly among individuals who face ideological risks with respect to a given public policy. Based on several studies noting the relationships between political trust, ideology and policy attitudes, the study employs the pooled data of the 2010 and 2014 General Social Surveys. It finds that conservatives are negatively associated with supporting spending on public transport, but when contingent upon high levels of political trust, they become more supportive of it. The study discusses the potential of political trust as a mechanism to influence public policy discourses as well as certain methodological and substantive limitations.

scholarly journals Italianness in the United States between migrants’ informal gardening practices and agricultural diplomacy (1880–1912)

Modern Italy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Gilberto Mazzoli
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Production ◽  
East Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Us Cities ◽  
Political Radicalism

During the Age of Mass Migration more than four million Italians reached the United States. The experience of Italians in US cities has been widely explored: however, the study of how migrants adjusted in relation to nature and food production is a relatively recent concern. Due to a mixture of racism and fear of political radicalism, Italians were deemed to be undesirable immigrants in East Coast cities and American authorities had long perceived Italian immigrants as unclean, unhealthy and carriers of diseases. As a flipside to this narrative, Italians were also believed to possess a ‘natural’ talent for agriculture, which encouraged Italian diplomats and politicians to propose the establishment of agricultural colonies in the southern United States. In rural areas Italians could profit from their agricultural skills and finally turn into ‘desirable immigrants’. The aim of this paper is to explore this ‘emigrant colonialism’ through the lens of environmental history, comparing the Italian and US diplomatic and public discourses on the potential and limits of Italians’ agricultural skills.

Impact of Odd–Even Scheme on Travel Pattern in Delhi

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Palak Thakur ◽  
Sharif Qamar
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Travel Pattern ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Perception Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Transport Services

The paper intends to assess the impact of the odd–even scheme on the travel pattern of the daily commuters in Delhi. The objective of the paper is to assess the impact of the odd–even scheme on mode choice for daily work trips, shift in travel patterns – before, during, and post-implementation – of the odd–even scheme, and to understand people perception regarding the odd–even scheme. Based on the primary survey, the paper concludes that the odd–even scheme brought a significant impact in the travel pattern in terms of occupancy, travel cost, travel time, and modal shift, and statistically not so much on the air quality gain. It was observed that the scheme helped increase the occupancy rate in cars as well as ridership of buses and Delhi metro. The scheme had a huge impact on congestion, which was evident from both perception analysis and the change in travel time. The modal shift, with an improvement in public transport services and a reduction in car users, is one of the key successes of the scheme resulting in decrease in air pollution caused by private vehicles. To improve the outcome of the odd–even scheme on air pollution, two-wheelers should not be exempted going forward.

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