scholarly journals Autism spectrum disorder screening in children aged 16-30 months using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers-Revised (M-CHAT-R)

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 247-52
Author(s):  
Clarissa Josephine Aditya ◽  
Jenni Kim Dahliana ◽  
Ariani Dewi Widodo ◽  
Rini Sekartini
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
History Of

Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with a global prevalence of 7.6 in 1,000 children. The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers - Revised (M-CHAT-R) is one of many screening tools for ASD. It is fast, easy to use, and has been translated and validated in the Indonesian language. Objective To determine the prevalence of ASD in Indonesia and its risk factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to October 2020. In the first protocol (March to July 2020), 219 children aged 16-30 months from 20 hospital walk-in clinics in five districts of Jakarta were included. Subjects’ parents filled out the M-CHAT-R questionnaire during their visit. A series of questions were asked to provide information about probable risk factors associated with ASD: gender, family history of ASD, preterm birth, low birth weight (LBW), and history of seizures. The second protocol (August to October 2020) was completed by parents via an online form, where 746 children aged 16-30 months were enrolled. Therefore, a total of 965 subjects were eligible for statistical analysis. Results Of 965 subjects, 56.58% were males. Subjects’ mean of age was 22.59 (SD 4.15) months. M-CHAT-R screening showed that 34 (3.52%) subjects were at high risk of developing ASD. Only male gender was significantly associated with ASD. Conclusion We screened for ASD in healthy 16-30-month-old Indonesian children. The rate of high-risk M-CHAT-R score was 3.52%. Male gender was a significant risk factor for high-risk M-CHAT-R results.

scholarly journals Preconception Risk Factors for Autism Spectrum Disorder—A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Hankus Magdalena ◽  
Kazek Beata ◽  
Paprocka Justyna ◽  
Kapinos-Gorczyca Agnieszka ◽  
Magdalena Szczepara-Fabian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Oral Contraception ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Healthy Children

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder of multifactorial etiology. Preconception risk factors are still poorly understood. A survey on preconception risk factors for ASD was conducted among parents of 121 ASD patients aged 3–12 years and parents of 100 healthy children aged 3–12 years. The exclusion criteria were as follows: the presence of associated problems such as intellectual disability, epilepsy or other genetic and neurological diseases. Thirteen parameters were considered, a few among which were conception problems, conception with assisted reproductive techniques, the use and duration of oral contraception, the number of previous pregnancies and miscarriages, time since the previous pregnancy (in months), the history of mental illness in the family (including ASD), other chronic diseases in the mother or father and maternal and paternal treatment in specialist outpatient clinics. Three factors statistically significantly increased the risk of developing ASD: mental illness in the mother/mother’s family (35.54% vs. 16.0%, p = 0.0002), maternal thyroid disease (16.67% vs. 5.0%, p = 0.009) and maternal oral contraception (46.28% vs. 29.0%, p = 0.01). Children of mothers with thyroid disorders or with mental illness in relatives should be closely monitored for ASD. Further studies are warranted to assess a potential effect of oral contraception on the development of offspring.

A STUDY OF DEMOGRAPHIC AND RISK FACTORS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
Bobby Hmar ◽  
Suresh Chakravorty ◽  
Ammu Anil ◽  
Ripunjay Khatoniar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Perinatal Risk Factors ◽  
Perinatal Risk ◽  
Lower Segment Caesarean Section ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
History Of

Background of the study: Various risk factors have been reported in the development of Autism spectrum Disorder. The aim of our study is to explore the demographic and perinatal risk factors implicated in the development of ASD. A retrospective study was conducted with data of 49 children with ASD and found that total 71.3% of children were male 73.5% were in rst birth order. Out of 49 children 53.1% had history of Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS). Indication of LSCS due to various obstetric or perinatal risk factors were reported in 17 cases. Three children had history of low birth weight with history of admission into Neonatal ICU. The study also explore the various co morbidity and found that ADHD (20.4%) was most common comorbidity followed by Mental retardation(18.4%), ADHD and MR(12.2%), seizure disorder and MR (8.2 %). This study found that male gender, rst birth order and perinatal risk factors are implicated in the development of Autism spectrum Disorder and majority of them have one or more another neuro developmental disorder as a comorbidity.

scholarly journals Early Screening and Risk Factors of Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Large Cohort of Chinese Patients With Prader-Willi Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuejun Kong ◽  
Junli Zhu ◽  
Ruiyi Tian ◽  
Siyu Liu ◽  
Hannah T. Sherman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Previous studies regarding the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) have implicated heterogenous findings. Additionally, the early screening of ASD high-risk population for ASD and identifying ASD risk factors in PWS patients have not been explored. This study included 218 Chinese PWS patients aged 3 months to 18 years old. 78% of subjects were identified as high risk for ASD by ASQ-3 Communication domain score for those younger than 3 years of age and 84% of subjects were classified as high risk for ASD by the GARS-3 for those aged 3 years and older. Among PWS clinical measurements, under-height (P = 0.0186), overweight (P = 0.0248), and obstructive sleep apnea (P = 0.0259) were each significantly correlated with ASD risk. These risk factors and their internal relationship with ASD or ASD traits warrant further studies.

scholarly journals Prenatal and Perinatal Factors Associated with Pediatric Autism Spectrum Disorder in East China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Li ◽  
Lu Han ◽  
Ning Ding ◽  
Ziyi Zhang ◽  
Yuan Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Perinatal Factors ◽  
Perinatal Risk Factors ◽  
Perinatal Risk ◽  
Prenatal Factors ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent challenges in social communication and interaction and restricted/repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities. An increasing number of studies have revealed that environmental exposure is a potential risk factor for ASD. The relationship between prenatal and perinatal risk factors and ASD has rarely been studied in large samples in China. Therefore, in this study, we compared children with ASD with typical developing (TD) children to assess the ASD-associated prenatal and perinatal risk factors and provide effective information for ASD prevention. Methods A case-control study of 709 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 709 gender-matched children with typical development was conducted to investigate the prenatal and perinatal risk factors of children with ASD compared with children with typical development ( TD). Through a self-developed general information questionnaire, the basic information (name, age, gender), prenatal factors (parents’ age at the child’s birth, parents’ education levels, use of assisted reproductive technology, history of miscarriage, gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension), and perinatal factors (delivery mode, full-term birth, parity, birth weight) of the children in the two groups were examined. Results The prenatal and perinatal factors of the groups were submitted to univariate analysis, the parent’s age at childbirth, education level, history of miscarriage, use of ART, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and GDM differed significantly between the two groups (P<0.05), and that among perinatal factors, infant parity and maturity also differed significantly between the two groups (P<0.05). These statistically significant factors were included in a binary logistic regression model. The results showed that the prenatal factors of young maternal age at the child’s birth (≤24 years vs 25-29 years, OR=2.408,95%CI:1.335~4.345), old paternal age at the childbirth(≥45years vs≤24years, OR=4.744, 95%CI:1.281~17.570 ), pregnancy induced hypertension (OR=6.178, 95%CI:2.311~16.517) and GDM(OR=0.220,95%CI:0.149~0.324), the perinatal factors of preterm birth(OR=4.434, 95%CI:2.872~6.846) and non-firstborn child(OR=1.387, 95%CI:1.029~1.869) are likely risk factors for ASD. Conclusion We show that some prenatal and perinatal factors are associated with a high prevalence of ASD in children.

The Autism Parent Screen for Infants: Predicting risk of autism spectrum disorder based on parent-reported behavior observed at 6–24 months of age

Autism ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori-Ann R Sacrey ◽  
Susan Bryson ◽  
Lonnie Zwaigenbaum ◽  
Jessica Brian ◽  
Isabel M Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
High Risk Cohort

This study examined whether a novel parent-report questionnaire, the Autism Parent Screen for Infants, could differentiate infants subsequently diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder from a high-risk cohort (siblings of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (n = 66)) from high-risk and low-risk comparison infants (no family history of autism spectrum disorder) who did not develop autism spectrum disorder (n = 138 and 79, respectively). Participants were assessed prospectively at 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 24 months of age. At 36 months, a blind independent diagnostic assessment for autism spectrum disorder was completed. Parent report on the Autism Parent Screen for Infants was examined in relation to diagnostic outcome and risk status (i.e. high-risk sibling with autism spectrum disorder, high-risk sibling without autism spectrum disorder, and low-risk control). The results indicated that from 6 months of age, total score on the Autism Parent Screen for Infants differentiated between the siblings with autism spectrum disorder and the other two groups. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive validity of the Autism Parent Screen for Infants highlight its potential for the early screening of autism spectrum disorder in high-risk cohorts.

scholarly journals Genetic and Epigenetic Etiology Underlying Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Hoon Yoon ◽  
Joonhyuk Choi ◽  
Won Ji Lee ◽  
Jeong Tae Do
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Epigenetic Factors ◽  
Neural Communication

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction, language development delays, repeated body movements, and markedly deteriorated activities and interests. Environmental factors, such as viral infection, parental age, and zinc deficiency, can be plausible contributors to ASD susceptibility. As ASD is highly heritable, genetic risk factors involved in neurodevelopment, neural communication, and social interaction provide important clues in explaining the etiology of ASD. Accumulated evidence also shows an important role of epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNA, in ASD etiology. In this review, we compiled the research published to date and described the genetic and epigenetic epidemiology together with environmental risk factors underlying the etiology of the different phenotypes of ASD.

Specialized Diet Therapies: Exploration for Improving Behavior in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (40) ◽  
pp. 6771-6786
Author(s):  
Geir Bjørklund ◽  
Nagwa Abdel Meguid ◽  
Maryam Dadar ◽  
Lyudmila Pivina ◽  
Joanna Kałużna-Czaplińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Restricted Interests ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
The Individual

As a major neurodevelopmental disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) encompasses deficits in communication and repetitive and restricted interests or behaviors in childhood and adolescence. Its etiology may come from either a genetic, epigenetic, neurological, hormonal, or an environmental cause, generating pathways that often altogether play a synergistic role in the development of ASD pathogenesis. Furthermore, the metabolic origin of ASD should be important as well. A balanced diet consisting of the essential and special nutrients, alongside the recommended caloric intake, is highly recommended to promote growth and development that withstand the physiologic and behavioral challenges experienced by ASD children. In this review paper, we evaluated many studies that show a relationship between ASD and diet to develop a better understanding of the specific effects of the overall diet and the individual nutrients required for this population. This review will add a comprehensive update of knowledge in the field and shed light on the possible nutritional deficiencies, metabolic impairments (particularly in the gut microbiome), and malnutrition in individuals with ASD, which should be recognized in order to maintain the improved socio-behavioral habit and physical health.

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