scholarly journals 2019-Ncov - Controls and Routes of Transmission in Dental Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (36) ◽  
pp. 3159-3165
Author(s):  
Malika Jagannath Sehgal ◽  
Surekha Dubey (Godbole)
Keyword(s):  
Significant Risk ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Family ◽  
Droplet Production ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Dental Profession ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

BACK GR O U ND Since the emergence of nCoV-19, till date it has affected several countries. This disease which is now called COVID-19 [(termed by World Health Organization (WHO)] is caused by a novel coronavirus, labelled as severe acute respiratoy syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) (termed by International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses). Belonging to the family of Coronaviridae, of the order Nidovirales, it comprises of large, solitary, plus-stranded ribo nucleic acid (RNA) in their genome. The 2019-nCoV explored in Wuhan belongs to the β-CoV according to the phylogenetic analysis based on the viral genome, and it chiefly infects the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and central nervous system of humans and mammals. Its primary means of spread is either directly or indirectly by the means of droplets via the respiratory tract and fomites respectively. The most common routinely used instruments in the field of dentistry include airotors in the form of rotatory instruments and other surgical instruments. In the meantime, these instruments produce aerosols in the form of both larger and smaller droplets which generally consist of saliva, blood, microorganisms and other debris. Therefore due to possible aerosol and droplet production in the dental profession, nCoV-19 poses a significant risk of infection transmission. To combat nCoV-19, it is essential for a dental clinician to finely tune the protective approaches by concentrating towards the patient safety, personal protective gear and maintaining the hand hygiene. In addition to its modes of diffusion in dentistry, some other important themes like management of the patient, patient instructions and guidelines that a dentist should follow in day to day practice have been raised in this review. KEY WORDS 2019-nCov; Transmission; Dental Guidelines; Epidemiology

scholarly journals Asymptomatic COVID-19 patients: a threat to an active otolaryngologist

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1762
Author(s):  
Ravinder Singh Nagi ◽  
Satinder Pal Singh ◽  
Prahlad Duggal
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
International Committee ◽  
World Health ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

<p class="Noindentpara">A new virus was reported for causing a spurt of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, Hubei 56 province in China in December 2019. This coronavirus, was initially named as the 2019- novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) on 12 January 2020 by World Health Organization (WHO). WHO officially named the disease as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) and coronavirus study group (CSG) of the International Committee proposed to name the new Coronavirus as SARS-CoV-2, both issued on 11 February 2020.</p>

scholarly journals How Much Do Young Italians Know About COVID-19 and What Are Their Attitudes Toward SARS-CoV-2? Results of a Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Giuseppe La Torre ◽  
Lorenza Lia ◽  
Barbara Dorelli ◽  
Mattia Marte ◽  
Marta Chiappetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Male Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT Objectives: At the end of 2019, an outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia, called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. It subsequently spread throughout China and elsewhere, becoming a global health emergency. In February 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) designated the disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The objective of this study was to investigate the degree of knowledge of young Italians about COVID-19 and their current attitudes toward the SARS-CoV-2 and to determine if there were prejudices emerging toward Chinese. Methods: An online survey was conducted on February 3, 4, 5, 2020, with the collaboration of Italian website “Skuola.net”. Young people had the opportunity to participate by answering an ad hoc questionnaire created to investigate knowledge and attitudes about the new coronavirus, using a link published on the homepage. Results: A total of 5234 responses were received, of which 3262 were females and 1972 were males. Most of the participants showed generally moderate knowledge about COVID-19. Male students, middle school students, and those who do not attend school, should increase awareness of the disease; less than half of responders say that their attitudes toward the Chinese population has worsened in the last period. Conclusions: Global awareness of this emerging infection should be increased, due to its virulence, the significant risk of mortality, and the ability of the virus to spread very quickly within the community.

scholarly journals A quick look at the latest developments in the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 030006052094380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Xue ◽  
Jiao Li ◽  
Lin Wei ◽  
Cuiqing Ma
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
International Committee ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
The World ◽  
Emerging Virus ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

In December 2019, a new respiratory disease manifesting as viral pneumonia emerged in Wuhan, China. Isolation and identification of the virus showed that the pathogen causing this disease was a novel coronavirus. On January 12, 2020, the World Health Organization named the novel coronavirus causing the outbreak 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). The disease caused by the virus was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Later, the Coronavirus Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses formally named this virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus shows strong infectivity and high lethality, arousing widespread concern. As an emerging virus, a comprehensive understanding of SARS-CoV-2 is missing. To provide a reference and a theoretical basis for further study of SARS-CoV-2, recent advances in our understanding of the virus are summarized in this review.

scholarly journals Pulmonary rehabilitation of patients with coronavirus infection COVID-19, clinical examples

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-722
Author(s):  
N. N. Meshcheryakova ◽  
A. S. Belevskiy ◽  
A. V. Kuleshov
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Rehabilitation ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
International Committee ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City

At the end of 2019, an outbreak of a new coronavirus infection was identified in the People’s Republic of China centerd in the city of Wuhan. The official name COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease 2019) was assigned to the infection caused by the novel coronavirus by the World Health Organization on February 11, 2020. The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses assigned the name to the causative agent of the infection – SARS-CoV-2 on February 11, 2020. The bilateral pneumonia is currently known to be the most common clinical manifestation of the variant of coronavirus infection. The development of acute respiratory distress syndrome was found in 3 – 4% of patients. As a result of pneumonia, patients develop ventilation and perfusion disorders, weakness of skeletal muscles. To recover patients after viral pneumonia, methods of pulmonary rehabilitation should be applied. This article represents the methods of pulmonary rehabilitation aimed to improve the blood circulation in the lungs, the ventilation-perfusion ratios, and to the restoration of the skeletal muscles.

scholarly journals Post COVID-19 Effects on Different Body Systems: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Keyword(s):  
International Committee ◽  
World Health ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Many Body Systems ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Corona Viruses

In December 2019, there was an outbreak of novel coronavirus 2019 in Wuhan, then spread to other countries. The outbreak of a new coronavirus, termed officially by the world health organization (WHO) coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and the international committee on taxonomy of viruses, has suggested SARSCOV-2 as the name of the virus that causes covid-19 (1-3). It has large numbers of deaths, especially since its first identifications in Wuhan, China. Because of this continuous increase in numbers, the virus has become a focus of many scientists and researchers, so through these studies done on the cases of COVID-19, it is discovered that it isn't just attacking the lungs. Still, it's causing harm to many-body systems, especially in more advanced cases of COVID-19. This is expected for the COVID-19 virus because we also harm many-body systems through our experience in dealing with previous Corona Viruses (SARS AND MERS).

scholarly journals Review on COVID-19: Rise of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (Special-1) ◽  
pp. 103-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidhan Chand Bala ◽  
Punet Kumar
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Genome Level ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Bat Coronavirus

Initially recognized of COVID-19 within the world in 2019, the World Health Organization situational report from May 22nd, 2020, globally, there is a complete of 5,204,508 confirmed cases, with 212 countries being affected by the novel coronavirus. 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is that the seventh member of the family of coronaviruses is enveloped viruses with a positive sense, single-stranded RNA genome. The SARS-CoV-2 may be a �-CoV of group 2B there is 70% comparability in genetic sequence to SARS-CoV. The source of the new coronavirus infection has been resolved as bats. With whole-genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 is 96% comparatively at the whole-genome level to a bat coronavirus. Mechanisms of transmission are concluded to incorporate contact, droplet, and possibly airborne under certain circumstances supported ancient experiences associated with SARS-CoV outbreaks. Although antiretroviral therapy is being widely used everywhere the globe for such patents, effects at finding a SARS-CoV vaccine haven�t succeeded so far.

Melatonin as a potential therapeutic molecule against COVID-19 associated gastrointestinal complications: An unrevealed link

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-435
Author(s):  
Palash Kumar Pal ◽  
Aindrila Chattopadhyay ◽  
Debasish Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
International Committee ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complications ◽  
Specific Receptors ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei province of China, in early December 2019 which was later declared as a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses has termed this novel coronavirus as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). According to the report of WHO on 29th April, 2020, 3018681 confirmed cases along with 207973 deaths have been documented globally. COVID-19 was originally reported as a lethal lung disease with fever and cough as the most common symptoms; however, the increasing number of gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhoea, vomiting and abdominal pain in patients have clearly suggested that gastrointestinal tract (GIT) may also serve as a potential route for SARS-CoV-2 infection. To identify the effective therapies on this pandemic is urgent. Keeping this in mind, we realize that melatonin is a potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory molecule and it has been used in diverse diseases and pathophysiological conditions, including respiratory disease and viral infections. Importantly, melatonin specific receptors and its endogenously synthetic machinery are distributed throughout the mammalian gastrointestinal system. Therefore, the therapeutic potentiality of melatonin in SARS-CoV-2 associated digestive symptoms cannot be ignored. In this review, we focus on the clinical implications of melatonin on the digestive complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. 

Therapeutic Approach Against 2019-nCoV by Inhibition of the ACE-2 receptor

Drug Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gajendra Kumar ◽  
Dharmendra Kumar ◽  
Netra Pal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Host Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
International Committee ◽  
World Health ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThe continued spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has prompted global concern. The formal name given to 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization is COVID-19, while the International Committee on Taxonomy has named it severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Due to this viral attack, nations around the world have issued lockdown restrictions. Presently, there is no effective way to control the spread of 2019-nCoV, except through social distancing and hygienic activities. World-class scientists and researchers are trying to develop vaccines and medicines that will cure this deadly viral disease and control its spread. Our aim in presenting this article is to provide an easy therapeutic approach that effectively combats deadly viral diseases, such as COVID-19, with minimal intervention and effort. Different Ayurvedic therapeutic agents (Curcuma longa L, green tea, and Piper nigrum) inhibit the entry of viruses in the host cell and the transmission of pathogens, while improving immunity. Curcumin and piperine (1-piperoylpiperidine) interact with each other and form a π–π intermolecular complex that enhances the bioavailability of curcumin by inhibition of glucuronidation of curcumin in the liver. Two molecules, curcumin and catechin, bind directly to the receptor-binding domain of the S-protein and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor of the host cell, by which these molecules inhibit the entry of viruses in the host cell. As a result, the animal host will survive the infection.

scholarly journals Perspectives on COVID-19 therapies: conflicts and consensus

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e85997019
Author(s):  
Kaline Romeiro ◽  
Régida Cléa da Silva Batista ◽  
Luciana Gominho ◽  
Caio Vinícius Batista de Arruda ◽  
Antonio Carlos Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Persistent Fever ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

The chronology of COVID-19 infections shows us that the first cases were reported in December 2019. A number of patients were admitted to hospitals with a respiratory disease of an unknown etiology in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The patients presented symptoms such as coughing, persistent fever, sore throat and pneumonia. The respiratory infection situation got worse rapidly and had a very fast spread. Soon after, it was reported that the causing agent of the disease had been confirmed as the novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which belongs to the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae, of the family Coronaviridae in the order Nidovirales. On January 7, 2020, the disease was named as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO). Chloroquine (CQ), Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), Remdesivir, Heparin, Convalescent Plasma, Corticosteroid, Anticoagulants, Lopinavir, Ritonavir, Ivermectin and Nitazoxanide are some of the drugs on the market that are being tested to combat COVID-19. The purpose of this literature review is to analyze studies regarding the healing potential of these drugs for COVID-19.  Some researchers about the effectiveness of these medications, the success rate on viral diseases and its action potential by different mechanisms. Thus, given the researches analyzed in this study, it was evident for most authors that these drugs are promising treatments for COVID-19, while the vaccine is not manufactured and available.

A Collaborative Study of a Proposed International Standard for Tissue Plasminogen Activator (t-PA)

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (01) ◽  
pp. 134-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Gaffney ◽  
A D Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
International Committee ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen ◽  
Health Organization

SummaryAn international collaborative study involving seven laboratories was undertaken to assess which of three lyophilised preparations might serve as an International Standard (I.S.) for tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Two of the preparations were isolates from human melanoma cell cultures while one was of pig heart origin. A clot lysis assay was used by all participants in the study.The data suggested that both preparations of human cell origin were comparable, in that their log dose-response lines were parallel, while that of the porcine preparation was not. Accelerated degradation studies indicated that one melanoma extract (denoted 83/517) was more stable than the other and it was decided to recommend preparation 83/517 as the standard for t-PA. The International Committee for Thrombosis and Haemostasis (Stockholm 1983) has recommended the use of this material as a standard and it has been established by the Expert Committee on Biological Standardization of the World Health Organization as the International, Standard for tissue plasminogen activator, with an assigned potency of 1000 International Units per ampoule.

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