scholarly journals Known Human Carcinogens and the Importance of Toxicology in Cancer Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domina Petric
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Cancer Etiology

Aim of this article is to review the literature about known human carcinogens and emphasize the importance of toxicology in cancer research. Cancer etiology is multifactorial with toxins playing an important role, what accentuates the importance of multidisciplinary approach to cancer research, with toxicology playing a key role.

scholarly journals The Tumor-on-Chip: Recent Advances in the Development of Microfluidic Systems to Recapitulate the Physiology of Solid Tumors

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 2945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago ◽  
Brenda Giselle Flores-Garza ◽  
Jorge Alfonso Tavares-Negrete ◽  
Itzel Montserrat Lara-Mayorga ◽  
Ivonne González-Gamboa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compounds ◽  
Microfluidic Systems ◽  
Cancer Etiology ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
On Chip

The ideal in vitro recreation of the micro-tumor niche—although much needed for a better understanding of cancer etiology and development of better anticancer therapies—is highly challenging. Tumors are complex three-dimensional (3D) tissues that establish a dynamic cross-talk with the surrounding tissues through complex chemical signaling. An extensive body of experimental evidence has established that 3D culture systems more closely recapitulate the architecture and the physiology of human solid tumors when compared with traditional 2D systems. Moreover, conventional 3D culture systems fail to recreate the dynamics of the tumor niche. Tumor-on-chip systems, which are microfluidic devices that aim to recreate relevant features of the tumor physiology, have recently emerged as powerful tools in cancer research. In tumor-on-chip systems, the use of microfluidics adds another dimension of physiological mimicry by allowing a continuous feed of nutrients (and pharmaceutical compounds). Here, we discuss recently published literature related to the culture of solid tumor-like tissues in microfluidic systems (tumor-on-chip devices). Our aim is to provide the readers with an overview of the state of the art on this particular theme and to illustrate the toolbox available today for engineering tumor-like structures (and their environments) in microfluidic devices. The suitability of tumor-on-chip devices is increasing in many areas of cancer research, including the study of the physiology of solid tumors, the screening of novel anticancer pharmaceutical compounds before resourcing to animal models, and the development of personalized treatments. In the years to come, additive manufacturing (3D bioprinting and 3D printing), computational fluid dynamics, and medium- to high-throughput omics will become powerful enablers of a new wave of more sophisticated and effective tumor-on-chip devices.

Microarrays as Cancer Keys: An Array of Possibilities

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3165-3175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Mohr ◽  
George D. Leikauf ◽  
Gérard Keith ◽  
Bertrand H. Rihn
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Microarray Technology ◽  
Cancer Etiology ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Epigenetic Events ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Disease Signatures ◽  
Expression And Activity

ABSTRACT: Malignant transformation results from accumulation of genetic and epigenetic events. Functional studies of cancer will be crucial to our understanding of its complexity and polymorphism. There is no doubt that emerging genomic and proteomic technologies will facilitate such investigations. Microarray technology is a new and efficient approach to extract data of biomedical relevance for a wide range of applications. In cancer research, it will provide high-throughput and valuable insights into differences in an individual’s tumor as compared with constitutional DNA, mRNA expression, and protein expression and activity. Across individuals, comparisons could provide tissue-specific disease signatures that provide diagnosis based on hundreds of informative genes. The resulting product should be a wealth of tumor-associated and tumor-specific biomarkers, which may help in cancer etiology, diagnosis, and therapy and ultimately lead to “molecular nosology” of cancers. This review highlights the recent developments in microarray technologies in cancer research, focuses on the results obtained so far, and describes the eventual use of microarray technology for clinical applications.

The New Kid on the Block

2011 ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
Jane L. McCall
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cancer Research ◽  
Health Care Research ◽  
Epidemiological Methods ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Cancer Etiology ◽  
Care Research ◽  
Gis Techniques ◽  
Disease Patterns ◽  
The Impact

In the last 20 years, Geographic Information Systems (GISs) have had an ever-increasing impact on the course of research and planning in many diverse fields, including geography, geology, environmental studies, business and criminal justice. Relatively recently, health care research, including cancer research, has entered this domain. The rapidly increasing use of GIS in health-care research over the past few years is witnessed by the fact that 63% of papers in literature review for this chapter were written in the last five years, and 35% within the last three years. Epidemiology, the study of disease patterns in human populations according to person, place and time, has been the traditional means of approaching cancer etiology. Combining its tools with those of GIS has enabled researchers to look at the distribution of cancer in new ways and uncover relationships not previously seen with traditional epidemiological methods alone. Through its data integration function, GIS has enabled the use of existing data collected for other purposes to be applied to cancer research. GIS techniques can enhance the visualization of spatial patterns of cancer, examine the contribution of various risk factors for cancer in new ways and allow hypotheses about cancer etiology to be tested in a spatial framework. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the impact of GIS on the direction of cancer research. In doing so, it will consider the application of GIS techniques to research in cancer etiology and compare them to traditional epidemiological methods. Rather than an exhaustive compilation of all the studies in this category, selective examples will be chosen from the literature to illustrate particular applications.

AAC Supports for Individuals With Rett Syndrome Across the Lifespan

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-85
Author(s):  
Sandra M. Grether
Keyword(s):  
Rett Syndrome ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Complex Profile ◽  
Communication Behaviors ◽  
The Individual

Individuals with Rett syndrome (RS) present with a complex profile. They benefit from a multidisciplinary approach for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. In our clinic, the Communication Matrix © (Rowland, 1990/1996/2004) is used to collect data about the communication skills and modalities used by those with RS across the lifespan. Preliminary analysis of this data supports the expected changes in communication behaviors as the individual with RS ages and motor deficits have a greater impact.

Traumatic Brain Injury: A Trauma Surgeon's Perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Oscar D. Guillamondegui
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Trauma Team ◽  
The United States ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Injured Brain ◽  
The Moment

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious epidemic in the United States. It affects patients of all ages, race, and socioeconomic status (SES). The current care of these patients typically manifests after sequelae have been identified after discharge from the hospital, long after the inciting event. The purpose of this article is to introduce the concept of identification and management of the TBI patient from the moment of injury through long-term care as a multidisciplinary approach. By promoting an awareness of the issues that develop around the acutely injured brain and linking them to long-term outcomes, the trauma team can initiate care early to alter the effect on the patient, family, and community. Hopefully, by describing the care afforded at a trauma center and by a multidisciplinary team, we can bring a better understanding to the armamentarium of methods utilized to treat the difficult population of TBI patients.

Percutaneous Tracheostomy: A Multidisciplinary Approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinciya Pandian ◽  
Thai Tran Nguyen ◽  
Marek Mirski ◽  
Nasir Islam Bhatti
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Percutaneous Tracheostomy ◽  
Johns Hopkins Hospital ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
Comprehensive Service ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The techniques of performing a tracheostomy has transformed over time. Percutaneous tracheostomy is gaining popularity over open tracheostomy given its advantages and as a result the number of bedside tracheostomies has increased necessitating the need for a Percutaneous Tracheostomy Program. The Percutaneous Tracheostomy Program at the Johns Hopkins Hospital is a comprehensive service that provides care to patients before, during, and after a tracheostomy with a multidisciplinary approach aimed at decreasing complications. Education is provided to patients, families, and health-care professionals who are involved in the management of a tracheostomy. Ongoing prospective data collection serves as a tool for Quality Assurance.

A Hopeful Discovery in Cancer Research

1949 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 700-701
Author(s):  
W.C.A.
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research

Trauma: A Novel, Multidisciplinary Approach

1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-8
Author(s):  
Heather Cecil ◽  
Melinda A. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach

A Multidisciplinary Approach to Drug Dependency

1978 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-182
Author(s):  
ELLEN R. GRITZ
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Drug Dependency
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