scholarly journals Permissivess, guiltiness, anxiety:

Author(s):  
Erick Gonçalves ◽  
Egberto Ribeiro Turato

Introduction: Studies on procrastination are increasing, studies are aimed at university students, as it is the population that most procrastinates their daily activities, especially academic ones. Most studies fail to explain existing conflicts on the subject, suggesting that there are futures with a qualitative focus, where the researcher is closer to the phenomenon, with no research on the topic with OT students. Objective: To explore and research explanations reported by occupational therapy students at a private university in southeastern Brazil about the behavior of procrastinating schoolwork, considering themselves self-reported as "procrastinators" Methods: Clinical-qualitative design; data collected through in-depth semi-structured findings with open questions; a thematic analysis generated categories discussed in the light of the psychodynamic framework Results: Seven OT students were interviewed and, according to the results of the analysis: procrastination linked to anxiety as productivity, but without the executive drive, imprisoning the individual in a vicious cycle of procrastination; defense mechanisms linked to self-preservation so as not to assume responsibility for tasks and other adversities of adult and university life; ineffective methods are tried by students to try to avoid procrastination, but without resolving the emotional and psychodynamic conflicts related to the activity. Conclusions: Students' procrastination ambivalently affects their daily lives, both positively and negatively, although everyone reported the phenomenon as negative. These studies can contribute to thinking about the clinic in the context of health and education. Therefore, we suggest studies that explore meanings brought by students and even other categories for comparative purposes.

2009 ◽  
pp. 47-66
Author(s):  
Claudia Bonomo ◽  
Carlo A. Clerici

- Through the analysis of the literature about the subject of hospitalization and surgery in paediatric field, the objective of this work is to individualize some effective technique of communication with child to reduce anxiety associated with medical process and surgery, and to identify main factors that affect the child's answer to this communication. The considered literature was found by data banks PsycInfo, Medline and Cochrane Library and includes empirical studies on the theme of child communication during hospitalization. The studies suggest that giving to a child some explanation with a language appropriated to the age could reduces the anxiety for an unfamiliar environment, helps him to elaborate the information on the illness and on the hospital and to cooperate with the treatments. A good communication could allow the child to manage worry and to activate some thought about threatening situation in advance, this permits to activate some defense mechanisms and some resources to face the illness. Nevertheless, some studies show how the thecniques to reduce the anxiety are not always useful to lower the stress. This could depend on the age, on different coping styles and on the individual difference of the response to the stress situation. The communication with child about the subject of hospitalization and surgery is historically considered from clinic and dynamic area, but remains object of a poor number of empirical studies. Academy education and vocational training are also limitated for the health worker that takes care of this kind of patients.


Author(s):  
Priscila Seabra Aliança

Resumo: Este estudo tece algumas teorizações acerca do trabalho com a escrita de si no contexto do ensino de Língua Inglesa na Educação Básica, inscrevendo-se no âmbito da Pesquisa (Auto)Biográfica em Educação. Essa denominação reúne “o conjunto de pesquisas que recorrem a fontes biográficas e autobiográficas em Educação” (PASSEGGI, 2011, p. 15). Pela sua natureza (re)criadora, a linguagem nos constitui enquanto sujeitos. Um dos desafios do ensino de línguas estrangeiras na Educação Básica reside em compreender essa propriedade da linguagem a ponto de proporcionar aos estudantes oportunidades de se constituírem como sujeitos por meio da língua-alvo. Passeggi (2011) explicita três princípios inerentes à Pesquisa (Auto)Biográfica. O primeiro é a “construção da realidade mediante a linguagem pelo sujeito e/ou pelo grupo” (p. 20). O segundo “focaliza a linguagem como mediadora da construção da historicidade do sujeito” (p. 21). O terceiro princípio caracteriza a Pesquisa (Auto)Biográfica como um posicionamento epistemológico, e não apenas uma episteme, posto que ela se volta para a integralidade do sujeito – ciente de que aquilo que o sujeito é ou deixa de ser está necessariamente mediado e construído por sistemas simbólicos estabelecidos socialmente. Analisam-se aqui produções textuais de duas turmas de primeiro ano do ensino médio técnico integrado (no curso de Técnico em Informática) do IFRN. A análise detém-se em três elementos presentes nos escritos: a subjetividade, a intersubjetividade e a escrita do cotidiano. Palavras-chave: Escrita de si. Letramento. Ensino de Língua inglesa. SELF WRITING: FROM THE STUDENT’S TEXT TO THE STUDENT WITHIN THE TEXT Abstract: This study elaborates a few theories about the self writing in the context of teaching English as a foreign language, according to the principles of the (Auto)Biographical Research in Education. This expression entitles "the body of research that use biographical and autobiographical sources in Education" (PASSEGGI, 2011, p. 15). Because it (re)creates reality, language constitutes us as subjects. One of the challenges of teaching foreign languages lies in understanding this property of language as to give students opportunities to constitute themselves as subjects through the target language. Passeggi (2011) explains three principles inherent to the (Auto)Biographical Research. The first one is the "construction of reality through language by the individual and/or group" (p. 20). The second "focuses on language as a mediator of the construction of the historicity of the subject" (p.21). The third principle characterizes (Auto)Biographical Research as an epistemological position, and not just an episteme, since it turns to the wholeness of the subject – being aware that whatever the subject is (or is not) is mediated and constructed by socially established symbolic systems. We analyze here the textual productions of two different groups in the freshman year of a professional high school course (Computer Technician) at IFRN. The analysis delves into three elements present in the writings: subjectivity, intersubjectivity and writing of their daily lives. Keywords: Self writing. Literacy. English Language Teaching. 


Author(s):  
Maria Elizabeth Da Costa Felipe Santiago ◽  
Eliza Mendonça de Carvalho ◽  
Renata De Lima Pessoa

A morte é o fenômeno através do qual é posto fim a vida. Esse cenário remete aos seres humanos comportamentos emocionais diferentes, seja no indivíduo que está morrendo ou em seus familiares. No espaço hospitalar, a morte remove seu aspecto sagrado e de finitude e os profissionais de saúde assumem os cuidados com esse processo. Entretanto, ao contrário do que se possa imaginar, nem sempre esses profissionais estão aptos a lidar com esse processo. Tendo em vista que o profissional da Enfermagem vivencia, diariamente, os conflitos entre a morte e a vida, muitas vezes, este sai despreparado da graduação, receoso com o momento de lidar com essa dualidade. Assim, este estudo tem por objetivo compreender a visão dos acadêmicos de Enfermagem de uma Universidade privada do município de Natal, no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, quanto ao entendimento dos mesmos sobre o tema morte e o morrer, trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, exploratória com abordagem quantitativa, que foi realizada em uma Universidade Privada do Município de Natal. A população entrevistada foi de 125 alunos do nono e décimo períodos, que responderam a um questionário. Nas respostas, 53% dos acadêmicos entrevistados já presenciaram algum óbito durante as práticas curriculares e 51% afirmam estar preparados para informar notícias difíceis. Em relação a estudar sobre a tanatologia na graduação, 98% dos alunos considera importante. Mediante o estudo, conclui-se  que as respostas obtidas pelos participantes, o resultado foi surpreendente, pois se esperavam respostas negativas a respeito da preparação do graduando quanto à temática, pelo fato de não terem na grade curricular a disciplina tanatologia, e mesmo que as respostas tenham sido intermediárias se retomam as questões com a certeza de que não foi  concluído, visto que as respostas  motivaram para a inquietante discussão sobre o processo de morte e morrer. Palavras-chave: Morrer. Formação. Estudantes de Enfermagem. AbstractDeath is the phenomenon through which life is terminated. This scenario reminds humans of different emotional behaviors, whether in the individual dying or in their family members. In the hospital space, death removes its sacred and finitude aspect  and health professionals take care of this process. However, contrary to what can be imagined, these professionals are not always able to deal with this process. Considering that the Nursing professional experiences daily the conflicts between death and  life, often, the same is not prepared during the undergraduate degree , and are thus  of the moment to deal with this duality. Thus, this study aims to understand the view of Nursing students of a private University of the city of Natal in the state of Rio Grande do Norte regarding their understanding of the subject of death and dying; this is a descriptive research, an exploratory study with a quantitative approach that was carried out at a Private University of the Municipality of Natal. The interviewed population was 125 students from the ninth and tenth periods who answered a questionnaire. In the responses, 53% of the interviewed students had already witnessed death during the curricular practices and 51% said they were prepared to report difficult news. In relation to studying on the tanatology in the undergraduation degree 98% of the students considers important. Through the study, it is concluded that the answers obtained by the participants, the result was surprising, since negative answers were expected regarding the student’s preparation on the subject, because they did not have in the curriculum of tanatology, and even if answers were intermediate, it is returned  to the questions with the certainty that it was not, since the answers motivated the disturbing discussion about the  death and dying process. Keywords: Die. Formation. Nursing students.


Author(s):  
Benoît Verdon ◽  
Catherine Chabert ◽  
Catherine Azoulay ◽  
Michèle Emmanuelli ◽  
Françoise Neau ◽  
...  

After many years of clinical practice, research and the teaching of projective tests, Shentoub and her colleagues (Debray, Brelet, Chabert & al.) put forward an original and rigorous method of analysis and interpretation of the TAT protocols in terms of psychoanalysis and clinical psychopathology. They developed the TAT process theory in order to understand how the subject builds a narrative. Our article will emphasize the source of the analytical approach developed by V. Shentoub in the 1950s to current research; the necessity of marking the boundary between the manifest and latent content in the cards; the procedure for analyzing the narrative, supported by an analysis sheet for understanding the stories' structure and identifying the defense mechanisms; and how developing hypotheses about how the mental functions are organized, as well as their potential psychopathological characteristics; and the formulation of a diagnosis in psychodynamic terms. In conjunction with the analysis and interpretation of the Rorschach test, this approach allows us to develop an overview of the subject's mental functioning, taking into account both the psychopathological elements that may threaten the subject and the potential for a therapeutic process. We will illustrate this by comparing neurotic, borderline, and psychotic personalities.


Author(s):  
Olya Khaleelee

This paper describes the use of the Defense Mechanism Test as an aid in helping to assess senior executives in four areas: for selection, development, career strategy, and crisis intervention. The origins of this test, developed to measure the defense mechanisms used to protect the individual from stress, are described. The paper shows how it was used to predict the capacity of trainee fighter pilots to withstand stress and its later application to other stressful occupations. Finally, some ideal types of the test are shown followed by four real test profiles, two of them with their associated histories.


2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-198
Author(s):  
Wiktor Soral ◽  
Mirosław Kofta

Abstract. The importance of various trait dimensions explaining positive global self-esteem has been the subject of numerous studies. While some have provided support for the importance of agency, others have highlighted the importance of communion. This discrepancy can be explained, if one takes into account that people define and value their self both in individual and in collective terms. Two studies ( N = 367 and N = 263) examined the extent to which competence (an aspect of agency), morality, and sociability (the aspects of communion) promote high self-esteem at the individual and the collective level. In both studies, competence was the strongest predictor of self-esteem at the individual level, whereas morality was the strongest predictor of self-esteem at the collective level.


2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-187
Author(s):  
E. S. Burt

Why does writing of the death penalty demand the first-person treatment that it also excludes? The article investigates the role played by the autobiographical subject in Derrida's The Death Penalty, Volume I, where the confessing ‘I’ doubly supplements the philosophical investigation into what Derrida sees as a trend toward the worldwide abolition of the death penalty: first, to bring out the harmonies or discrepancies between the individual subject's beliefs, anxieties, desires and interests with respect to the death penalty and the state's exercise of its sovereignty in applying it; and second, to provide a new definition of the subject as haunted, as one that has been, but is no longer, subject to the death penalty, in the light of the worldwide abolition currently underway.


1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Svitlana Kuzikova

The author's approach to the empirical study of the peculiarities of self-development of a person has been  considered. The criteria of self-development as a subject activity have been characterized. Its indicators have been  given.  The  psychological  resources  of  personal  self-development  have  been  singled  out:  the  need  for  self- development as its source and determinant; conditions that ensure its success; mechanisms as functional means and  conditions  for  its  implementation.  Their  essence  has  been  revealed.  The  need  for  self-development  has  been  determined by the actualization of the characteristics of self-development (self-activity, vital activity, development of  self-consciousness) and has been occurred when the content structure of the individual consciousness and the  transformation of semantic entities changed. Conditions of self-development has been defined by mature I of  personality, openness, tolerance to the new, the presence of a conscious goal of self-realization and active life  strategy. Reflection, self-regulation and feedback have been considered as mechanisms of self-development. The  methodical approaches and means of studying the peculiarities and factors of the development of the subject of self- development in adolescence in the process of professional training have been offered, and the results of their  integrated empirical research have been highlighted. Particular attention has been paid to the analysis of the level  of actualization of self-development resources among students, discovered with the author's diagnostic method  "DCPSD" (Dispositional Characteristic of Personality of Self-development). It has been proved that psychological  resources as a set of possibilities of development already exist in the psychological reality of a person. It has been  shown that the dominance of the level of self-development resources’ actualization of the individual (and their  combination) can be correlated with the dimensions of the individual psychological space, indicating the individual  peculiarity of the personal self-development organization. It has been noted that, at the same time, actualization,  strengthening and harmonization of all psychological resources of a person self-development, enrichment of its  relations with the environment and other people, and increasing spirituality is necessary for the implementation of  progressive conscious personal self-development. У  статті  розглянуто  авторський  підхід  до  емпіричного  вивчення  особливостей  саморозвитку  особистості. Охарактеризовано критерії саморозвитку як суб’єктної діяльності, наведено його показники.  Виокремлено психологічні ресурси особистісного саморозвитку: потребу в саморозвитку як його джерело і  детермінант; умови, які забезпечують його успішність; механізми як  функціональні засоби і умови його  здійснення.    Розкрито    їх    сутність.    Потреба    в    саморозвитку    визначається    актуалізованістю  характеристик саморозвитку (самоактивність, життєдіяльність, розвиненість самосвідомості) і виникає  при зміні змістової  структури індивідуальної свідомості та трансформації смислових утворень. Умови  саморозвитку  окреслюють  зріле  Я  особистості,  відкритість,  толерантність  до  нового,  наявність  усвідомленої   мети   самоздійснення   та   активної   життєвої   стратегії.   Як   механізми   саморозвитку  розглядаються рефлексія, саморегуляція та зворотній зв'язок. Запропоновано методичні підходи і засоби  вивчення особливостей та чинників становлення суб’єкта саморозвитку в юнацькому віці в процесі фахової  підготовки, висвітлено результати їх комплексного емпіричного дослідження. Особливу увагу приділено  аналізу  рівня  актуалізації  ресурсів  саморозвитку  у  студентів,  виявленого  за  допомогою  авторської  діагностичної методики «ДХСО». Доведено, що психологічні ресурси  як сукупність можливостей розвитку  вже існують у психологічній реальності людини. Показано, що домінування рівня актуалізації ресурсів  саморозвитку особистості ( та їх поєднання) можна співвіднести з вимірами психологічного простору  особистості,   що   свідчить   про  індивідуальну   своєрідність   організації   особистісного  саморозвитку.  Зазначено,  що  в  той  же  час  для  здійснення  прогресивного  усвідомленого  особистісного  саморозвитку  необхідна   актуалізація,   взаємопосилення   і   гармонізація   всіх   психологічних   ресурсів   саморозвитку  особистості, збагачення її зв’язків із навколишнім середовищем та іншими людьми, підвищення духовності.


2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Gan N.Yu. ◽  
Ponomareva L.I. ◽  
Obukhova K.A.

Today, worldview, spiritual and moral problems that have always been reflected in education and upbringing come to the fore in society. In this situation, there is a demand for philosophical categories. One of the priority goals of education in modern conditions is the formation of a reasonable, reflexive person who is able to analyze their actions and the actions of other people. Modern science is characterized by an understanding of the absolute value and significance of childhood in the development of the individual, which implies the need for its multilateral study. In the conditions of democratization of all spheres of life, the child ceases to be a passive object of education and training, and becomes an active carrier of their own meanings of being and the subject of world creation. One of the realities of childhood is philosophizing, so it is extremely timely to address the identification of its place and role in the world of childhood. Children's philosophizing is extremely poorly studied, although the need for its analysis is becoming more obvious. Children's philosophizing is one of the forms of philosophical reflection, which has its own qualitative specificity, on the one hand, and commonality with all other forms of philosophizing, on the other. The social relevance of the proposed research lies in the fact that children's philosophizing can be considered as an intellectual indicator of a child's socialization, since the process of reflection involves the adoption and development of culture. Modern society, in contrast to the traditional one, is ready to "accept" a philosophizing child, which means that it is necessary to determine the main characteristics and conditions of children's philosophizing.


2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 2161-2165
Author(s):  
Hristo Ivanov Popnikolov

From the subject presented in the report it is evident that the pre-trial and the court bodies may, to some extent, be influenced both by the person of the accused and by his competence to participate in the criminal process. In this regard as an expert, the psychologist can offer invaluable assistance. Each expertise would assist all actors involved in the administration of justice on their objective assessment of the offenders, the understanding of their individual protection and the inherent self-justification during procedural actions. The involvement of psychologists in the criminal process is key to establishing the truth in the investigation, because every crime as an act has a subjective side, expressed in the psychic attitude of the perpetrator to the committed act. Establishing these psychological motives is a key point in the criminal process with a view to establishing the truth.Psychological protection stabilizes the personality in the critical conditions of counteraction, related to the elimination of the experiences of tension, anxiety, stress and frustration, leading to maximum mobilization of its resources and at the same time to their overpayment. Thus, the individual who is the subject of the process action is protected against the adverse external influences, but at the cost of a lot of effort and enormous loss of nervous-mental energy, which increases his own vulnerability instead of contributing to its reduction. The appearance and functioning of psychological protection can be significantly impeded by the interaction of the investigator with the accused. Even more complicated is the situation when it breaks the communication contact that may arise in the psychological alienation and self-isolation of the accused due to the desire to protect himself.Protective psychological dominance is a real psychic activity that investigators, investigators, investigators and judges need to take into account in order to effectively deal with their task and to overcome the resistance of the investigated persons and in a time to prove in a lawful and moral way their guilt and participation in the commitment of the crimes.


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