scholarly journals O Impacto dos Sintomas Orais Gerados por Quimioterapia e Radioterapia / The Impact of Oral Symptoms Generated by Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (58) ◽  
pp. 524-535
Author(s):  
Denise Medeiros Novais ◽  
Henrique Aguiar Silva Epitácio ◽  
Edite Novais Borges Pinchemel
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Oral Epithelium ◽  
General Health Status ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Oncological Treatment ◽  
Oral Symptoms ◽  
Antineoplastic Treatment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Antineoplastic Chemotherapy

Os primeiros efeitos da radioterapia e da quimioterapia antineoplásica acontecem sobre as células do epitélio oral, as quais sofrem rápida proliferação. O tamanho destes efeitos depende de muitos fatores ligados ao tratamento, ao paciente e ao tumor. No que se trata do paciente, interferem nesse processo o seu estado geral de saúde, presença de comorbidades, sexo, estado nutricional, idade, fatores sociais e psicológicos, além de hábitos deletérios e patologias orofaciais preexistentes. Esses adoecimentos na integridade bucal devem-se a veracidade de que a radioterapia e quimioterapia não são capazes de destruir as células tumorais sem lesionar células normais. O tratamento oncológico pode provocar reações adversas na cavidade oral, e é comum, em pacientes oncológicos submetidos ao tratamento antineoplásico, o desenvolvimento de agravamentos orais agudos ou tardios.---The first effects of radiotherapy and antineoplastic chemotherapy happen on the cells of the oral epithelium, which quickly notice proliferation. The size of these effects depends on many factors related to the treatment, the patient, and the tumor. With regard to the patient, this process interferes with their general health status, presence of comorbidities, gender, nutritional status, age, social and psychological factors, in addition to deleterious habits and pre-existing orofacial pathologies. These illnesses in the oral integrity are due to the veracity that radiotherapy and chemotherapy are not capable of destroying tumor cells without normal cells. Oncological treatment can cause adverse reactions in the oral cavity, and it is common, in cancer patients, to antineoplastic treatment, to develop acute or late oral aggravations.

How to Psychologically Minimize Scratching Impulses

2014 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Sölle ◽  
Theresa Bartholomäus ◽  
Margitta Worm ◽  
Regine Klinger
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Physical Complaints ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Placebo Model

Research in recent years, especially in the analgesic field, has intensively studied the placebo effect and its mechanisms. It has been shown that physical complaints can be efficiently reduced via learning and cognitive processes (conditioning and expectancies). However, despite evidence demonstrating a large variety of physiological similarities between pain and itch, the possible transfer of the analgesic placebo model to itch has not yet been widely discussed in research. This review therefore aims at highlighting potential transfers of placebo mechanisms to itch processes by demonstrating the therapeutic issues in pharmacological treatments for pruritus on a physiological basis and by discussing the impact of psychological mechanisms and psychological factors influencing itch sensations.

scholarly journals Psychological and Behavioral Predictors of Vaccine Efficacy: Considerations for COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 174569162198924
Author(s):  
Annelise A. Madison ◽  
M. Rosie Shrout ◽  
Megan E. Renna ◽  
Janice K. Kiecolt-Glaser
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
The Impact

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine candidates are being evaluated, with the goal of conferring immunity on the highest percentage of people who receive the vaccine as possible. It is noteworthy that vaccine efficacy depends not only on the vaccine but also on characteristics of the vaccinated. Over the past 30 years, a series of studies has documented the impact of psychological factors on the immune system’s vaccine response. Robust evidence has demonstrated that stress, depression, loneliness, and poor health behaviors can impair the immune system’s response to vaccines, and this effect may be greatest in vulnerable groups such as the elderly. Psychological factors are also implicated in the prevalence and severity of vaccine-related side effects. These findings have generalized across many vaccine types and therefore may be relevant to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. In this review, we discuss these psychological and behavioral risk factors for poor vaccine responses, their relevance to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as targeted psychological and behavioral interventions to boost vaccine efficacy and reduce side effects. Recent data suggest these psychological and behavioral risk factors are highly prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic, but intervention research suggests that psychological and behavioral interventions can increase vaccine efficacy.

scholarly journals Exosome Traceability and Cell Source Dependence on Composition and Cell-Cell Cross Talk

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5346
Author(s):  
Rabab N. Hamzah ◽  
Karrer M. Alghazali ◽  
Alexandru S. Biris ◽  
Robert J. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Donor Cell ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Interaction ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Remote Communication ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
The Impact

Exosomes are small vesicles with an average diameter of 100 nm that are produced by many, if not all, cell types. Exosome cargo includes lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids arranged specifically in the endosomes of donor cells. Exosomes can transfer the donor cell components to target cells and can affect cell signaling, proliferation, and differentiation. Important new information about exosomes’ remote communication with other cells is rapidly being accumulated. Recent data indicates that the results of this communication depend on the donor cell type and the environment of the host cell. In the field of cancer research, major questions remain, such as whether tumor cell exosomes are equally taken up by cancer cells and normal cells and whether exosomes secreted by normal cells are specifically taken up by other normal cells or also tumor cells. Furthermore, we do not know how exosome uptake is made selective, how we can trace exosome uptake selectivity, or what the most appropriate methods are to study exosome uptake and selectivity. This review will explain the effect of exosome source and the impact of the donor cell growth environment on tumor and normal cell interaction and communication. The review will also summarize the methods that have been used to label and trace exosomes to date.

scholarly journals INVESTIGASI PENGARUH KONDISI LALU LINTAS DAN ASPEK METEOROLOGI TERHADAP KONSENTRASI PENCEMAR SO2 DI KOTA SEMARANG

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Titik Istirokhatun ◽  
Ita Tetriana Agustini ◽  
Sudarno Sudarno
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Road Users ◽  
The Impact

The  presence  of  air  pollution  in  ambient  air  is  closely  related  to  the incidence  of  adverse reactions affecting human health. One of harmful pollutants and potentially major cause health problems is sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ). The number of vehicles that are passing and queuing on the crossroads  because  of  traffic light can  affect  the  concentration  of  SO 2 .  Besides,  in  these locations  there  are a lot of road users  which  are  potentially  exposed  by  contaminants, so information about the concentration of SO 2  is important to know. This study aimed to investigate the  impact  of  meteorological  factors  and  the  number  of vehicles  on  SO 2   concentrations. Impinger was used for air sampling, and pararosaniline method was used for determining SO 2  concentration. Sampling and calculation  of the number of passing vehicles were performed 3 times ie in the morning, afternoon and evening. Based on the results of the study, the highest concentrations of SO 2  were on the range of 15-21 mg/Nm3.

scholarly journals Transfusion-associated adverse reactions (TAARs) and cytokine accumulations in the stored blood components: the impact of prestorage versus poststorage leukoreduction

Oncotarget ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 4385-4394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Chun Chang ◽  
Tai-Chen Lee ◽  
Ming-Jang Su ◽  
Hsiu-Chen Lin ◽  
Fang-Yi Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stored Blood

scholarly journals Educational Environment of the Modern School in the Aspects of Learning Factors, School Climate and Education Paradigms

Pedagogika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-82
Author(s):  
Irena Kaffemanienė ◽  
Erika Masiliauskienė ◽  
Rita Melienė ◽  
Lina Miltenienė
Keyword(s):  
School Climate ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Modern School ◽  
Impact Interaction ◽  
Good School ◽  
Learning Factors ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with the research data on the current realia of educational environment in school perceived by pupils, their parents and teachers as well as their expectations related to educational environment of the Good school. On the ground of questionnaire survey data, pedagogical and psychological factors of learning and school climate as perceived by the respondents are analysed; characteristics of educational environment are revealed in the aspects of the impact, interaction and learning paradigms.

scholarly journals Social and psychological determination of resonal sense of ownership formation in ontogenesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
Iryna Hubeladze
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Psychological Ownership ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Depth Level ◽  
Substantive Content ◽  
Sense Of Ownership ◽  
The Impact

The paper deals with the phenomenon of sense of ownership as a socially determined entity, which appears on the basis of an instinctive need for ownership. Sense of ownership is defined as an emotional state of an individual, reflecting subjective evaluative attitudes towards real or abstract ownership targets. Sense of ownership has a number of levels, ranging from feelings to a particular object to more advanced social forms related to social values, ideals and personal attitudes. Sense of ownership is formed, actualized or deactivated during a human life under the influence of various social and psychological factors. The peculiarities of manifestation and stages of sense of ownership formation at different age periods are described in the article. Sociopsychological and political and psychological determinants of formation, actualization or deactivation, leveling or weakening of sense of ownership in ontogenesis are determined. They are motivation of psychological appropriation, group attitude towards ownership, group social and economic identity, development of value-semantic sphere of personality, as well as group values and meanings, collective emotional states, feeling of domination or dependence, intergroup and ingroup comparison, threat of loss of ownership, self-investing, psychological legitimization of ownership possession, and social competition. Sense of ownership can vary phenomenologically depending on the impact of various social and psychological factors, and can play both stimulating and hindering roles in individual identity formation. It can have different modalities, intensity, duration, depth, level of awareness, complexity, substantive content, and various conditions of occurrence, functions performed depending on the situation, different influence on a person, forms and conditions of its development. These determinants can operate in different ways and cause sense of ownership actualization or deactivation depending on the circumstances and stage of life, individual psychological features and his/her social environment. The influence of social and political conflicts on sense of ownership actualization/deactivation is analyzed using the example of internally displaced persons. Key words: sense of ownership, psychological ownership, social and psychological determination, sense of ownership formation, ontogenesis.

8. Behaviour in the macroeconomy

2017 ◽  
pp. 100-115
Author(s):  
Michelle Baddeley
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Behavioural Economics ◽  
Macroeconomic Fluctuations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Behavioural macroeconomics has significant constraints, reflecting the difficulty of bringing together the choices of different people with widely different personality types, moods, and emotions, making decisions in complex ways using a wide range of heuristics that generate an even wider range of biases. ‘Behaviour in the macroeconomy’ explores how behavioural economists can overcome these difficulties, contributing to the development of innovative macroeconomic theories and collection of new types of behavioural macroeconomic data. It focuses on how social and psychological factors, including optimism and pessimism, help us to understand macroeconomic fluctuations; the impact of confidence and social mood on macroeconomic outcomes; and another theme in behavioural economics—happiness and well-being.

scholarly journals Effect of Thermal Processing on Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Waste Potato Juice

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski ◽  
Anna Olejnik ◽  
Wojciech Białas ◽  
Piotr Kubiak ◽  
Aleksander Siger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Stabilization Methods ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPotato juice (PJ), commonly considered a burdensome waste, is rich in various compounds with bioactive properties. It has long been considered a remedy for gastric problems in traditional folk medicine. If valorization of PJ through implementation in the production of functional foods is to be considered, stabilization methods must be developed to allow long-term storage of this seasonal product. It is important that such methods are chosen with regard to their effect on the bioactive value of the obtained product. In this study, the impact of four stabilization methods on the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of PJ was investigated. Elevated temperatures were used in thermal deproteinization used to obtain DPJW (deproteinated potato juice water) and spray-drying of FPJ (fresh potato juice) that resulted in SDPJ. Freeze drying and cryoconcentration were the low temperature processing methods that yielded PJL (potato juice lyophilisate) and CPJ (cryocorncentrated potato juice), respectively. All processed materials were characterized chemically and compared with raw materials in terms of phenolic compounds content, antioxidant activity as well as cytotoxicity to human tumor cells isolated from the gastric mucosa (Hs476T cell line), colon (Caco-2 and HT-29 cell lines), and normal cells isolated from the small intestine and colon epithelium (IEC-6 and NCM460 cell lines). It was stated that high-temperature processes – thermal deproteinization and spray-drying – yielded products with increased antioxidant potential (TEAC) that also showed increased cytotoxic activity towards intestinal cancer cells. At the same time the cytotoxicity towards normal cells remained on par with that of fresh PJ (IEC-6 cells) or decreased (NCM460 cells). Thermal deproteinization significantly decreased the content of glycoalcaloids in the juice, while spray drying did not have such an effect. The two low-temperature processes investigated – cryoconcentration and freeze drying – did not affect the PJ cytotoxic activity towards any of the cell lines used in the tests, whereas they did affect the antioxidant properties and glycoalcaloids content of PJ.

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