Mast Cell Activation Disorder: A Rare Cause of Chronic Diarrhea and Abdominal Pain

2016 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. S1010
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Bank ◽  
Abdul Haseeb ◽  
Kathryn Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Mast Cell Activation

A Survey of Methodologies for Assessing Mast Cell Density and Activation in Patients with Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-155
Author(s):  
Hunter Friesen ◽  
Meenal Singh ◽  
Vivekanand Singh ◽  
Jennifer V. Schurman ◽  
Craig A. Friesen
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Mast Cell Activation ◽  
Functional Abdominal Pain ◽  
Mast Cell Density ◽  
Selection Of

The aim was to assess methods utilized in assessing mast cell involvement in functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs), specifically to describe variability in methods utilized to assess both mast cell density and activation and determine if a consensus exists. After a literature search identified 70 manuscripts assessing mast cell density, data were extracted including FAPD diagnosis, site of biopsy, selection of microscopic fields analyzed, selection of mucosal region analyzed, method of mast cell identification, method to assess mast cell density, and if performed, method to assess mast cell activation. There appears to be some consensus favoring inmmunohistochemical stains over histochemical stains for identifying mast cells. Otherwise, considerable variability exists in methodology for assessing mast cell density and activation. Regardless of method, approximately 80% of studies found increased mast cell density and/or activation in comparison to controls with no method being superior. A wide variety of methods have been employed to assess mast cell density and activation with no well-established consensus and inadequate data to recommend specific approaches. The current methodology providing physiologic information needs to be translated to a standard methodology providing clinical information with the development of criteria establishing abnormal density and/or activation, and more importantly, predicting treatment response.

scholarly journals Allergic Mastocytic Gastroenteritis and Colitis: An Unexplained Etiology in Chronic Abdominal Pain and Gastrointestinal Dysmotility

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Akhavein M ◽  
N. R. Patel ◽  
P. K. Muniyappa ◽  
S. C. Glover
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Mast Cell Activation ◽  
Early Satiety ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
History Of

Abdominal pain, bloating, early satiety, and changes in bowel habits are common presenting symptoms in individuals with functional GI disorders. Emerging data suggests that these symptoms may be associated with mast cell excess and/or mast cell instability in the GI tract. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the contribution of mast cells to the aforementioned symptoms in individuals with a history of atopic disease. A retrospective chart review of individuals seen in a university GI practice was conducted and twenty-four subjects were identified. The majority had abdominal pain, early satiety, and nocturnal awakening. 66.7% and 37.5% had a history of environmental and/or food allergy. Solid gastric emptying was increased as were the mean number of mast cells reported on biopsies from the stomach, small bowel, and colon (>37/hpf) by CD117 staining. Mean whole blood histamine levels were uniformly elevated. This study suggests that in individuals with these characteristics, consideration should be given to staining their gastrointestinal biopsies for mast cells as this may provide them with relatively non-toxic but highly targeted treatment options. Allergic gastroenteritis and colitis may represent a third type of GI mast cell disorder along with mast cell activation syndrome and mastocytic enterocolitis.

scholarly journals Mast cell deposition and activation may be a new explanation for epiploic appendagitis

2018 ◽  
pp. bcr-2018-224689
Author(s):  
Leonard B. Weinstock ◽  
Zahid Kaleem ◽  
Dale Selby ◽  
Lawrence B Afrin
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Mast Cell Activation ◽  
Painful Condition ◽  
Epiploic Appendagitis ◽  
Mast Cell Activation Syndrome ◽  
Epiploic Appendage ◽  
Multisystemic Disorders ◽  
Activation Syndrome

Epiploic appendagitis is as an acute painful condition of the fat on the outside of the intestine. Thus far, there have been no publications to our knowledge that appendagitis can be caused by mast cells or can be associated with chronic pain. A patient with multisystemic disorders suffered with both chronic and acute attacks of abdominal pain for a year. The worst attack led to surgical resection of an enlarged sigmoid colon epiploic appendage. Careful review of her complex medical history and mast cell stains of gastrointestinal biopsies led to the diagnosis of mast cell activation syndrome. Re-examination of the resected appendage using an immunohistochemical stain demonstrated a high mast cell density which is a new histopathological finding. Treatment of mast cell activation syndrome and other related syndromes led to marked improvement in her health, including all types of chronic abdominal pain.

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