scholarly journals Iodine Deficiency Disorders: Current State of the Problem in the Republic of Crimea

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Troshina ◽  
Evgeniya S. Senyushkina ◽  
Natalya P. Makolina ◽  
Fatima M. Abdulkhabirova ◽  
Larisa V. Nikankina ◽  
...  

Background: The article presents the results of a control and epidemiological study conducted in September 2020 by specialists of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «NMIC of Endocrinology» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, aimed at assessing the current state of iodine provision in the population of the Republic of Crimea. The study in Crimea is part of a number of activities and work carried out on behalf of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation within the framework of state assignments «Scientific assessment of the need for additional regulatory legal and other measures to eliminate iodine deficiency in pilot regions with severe iodine deficiency» and «Epidemiological and molecular-cellular characteristics of tumor, autoimmune and iodine deficiency thyropathies as a basis for prevention of complications and personalization of treatment.The data obtained reflect the state of the problem of iodine consumption on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula and indicate the relevance of the adoption of a regional preventive program aimed at eliminating iodine deficiency in the diet of the population and related diseases.Aim: Assessment of iodine supply of the population of the Republic of CrimeaMaterials and methods: The research was carried out in secondary schools of four districts of the Republic of Crimea — in the years. Simferopol, Belogorsk, Bakhchisarai and Saki.The volume of the study — 356 schoolchildren of 8-10 years old, all were completed: taking anamnesis and anthropometric parameters (height, weight), examination by an endocrinologist with palpation of the thyroid gland (thyroid gland), ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland (thyroid ultrasound), obtaining single portions of urine and samples of table salt (5-10 grams), which is used daily in the diet in their families. The measurements of the height and weight of the children by the standard method were carried out during the examination by a specialist. Thyroid ultrasound was performed in the supine position using a portable LOGIQe ultrasound machine (China) with a 10-15 MHz multifrequency linear transducer. All urine samples (n = 356) in disposable Eppendorf microtubes were immediately frozen at a temperature of minus 20-25°! for further determination of the concentration of iodine in urine using the cerium-arsenite method (based on the clinical diagnostic laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution NMITs endocrinology «of the Ministry of Health of Russia). A qualitative study for the presence of potassium iodate in food table salt samples (n = 203) was carried out on site by the express method.Informed consent was obtained from all parents / guardians of children for the examination and processing of personal data. The permission of the local ethical committee of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «NMIC of Endocrinology» of the Ministry of Health of Russia was received on March 25, 2020, No. 5.Results: According to the results of a survey of 356 children of primary school age, the median concentration of iodine in urine (mCIM) is 97 pg / l and varies from 78 to 98 pg / l in the surveyed areas, the proportion of urine samples with a reduced iodine concentration was 51.2%. The share of iodized salt use in the families of schoolchildren was 12.3% (values range from 10% to 15%). The average incidence of goiter in children according to ultrasound data is 9.5% (range of values from 1.7% to 16.3%).Conclusion.The indicator of the median concentration of iodine in urine indicates an insufficient iodine supply of the population of the Republic of Crimea.The prevalence of goiter in children of primary school age according to the ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland corresponds to the mild severity of iodine deficiency in the mild degree of goiter endemic in the region.The share of households using iodized salt is extremely low and amounts to 12.3%, which does not meet the WHO recommendations for regions with natural iodine deficiency (from 90% or more).

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
K. G. Kamalov ◽  
E. M. Soltakhanov ◽  
G. A. Gazimagomedov

Purpose. Conducting a comparative analysis and assessment of the dynamics of endemic goiter and iodine deficiency in the population of boys of the Republic of Dagestan at the age of 11–13 years for the period 2002–2013, living in different ecological and geographical zones.Patients and methods. 3457 adolescent boys 11–13 years old, living in different ecological and geographical zones, were surveyed. Methods of investigation were: determination of daily excretion of iodine in urine, palpation and ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland.Results. It was revealed that during the period of preventive measures there was an improvement in iodine supply regardless of the area of residence. However, against the background of preventive measures in the lowland zone, iodine deficiency decreased not evenly, and in some cases the aggravation occured.Conclusion. The incidence of endemic goiter and the severity of iodine deficiency in boys aged 11–13 years in the mountain and foothill ecology and geographical zones of the Republic of Dagestan are generally comparable to those of iodine deficiency and endemic goiter in the general population of the Republic of Dagestan. On a flat ecogeographical zone, endemic goiter in boys 11-13 years is less common than in the general population in this region. Preventive measures to combat iodine deficiency have led to a decrease in the frequency of endemic goiter, but constant monitoring is required. As a result, there was no correlation between the incidence of endemic goiter and the severity of iodine deficiency.


2021 ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Oksana A. Gizinger

The pathogenetic rationale for the use of «Prolom Voda» produced in the Republic of Serbia is presented. Research conducted at the accredited testing center of natural healing resources of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Russian Scientific Center for Restorative Medicine and Balneology» of the Ministry of Health of Russia 9 accreditation certificate No. pH in the alkaline range.


2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-569
Author(s):  
Yu A Knni ◽  
O R Radchenko ◽  
A R Urazmanov ◽  
L A Balabanova

Aim. To analyze the current state of the sanatoriums-health resorts system of the Republic of Tatarstan and identify the demand by the population of sanatoriums-health resorts services for recreation and health promotion at the regional level. Methods. To analyze the functioning of the sanatoriums-health resorts of the republic, we used data from the official website of the Federal State Statistics Service (20022018). We calculated the long-term mean values, standard deviation, growth rate, linear regression, the approximation coefficient in comparing the Republic of Tatarstan, Volga Federal District and the Russian Federation. The population proportion, which used the sanatoriums-health resorts services, bed provision per 10,000 population and bed turnover were calculated to assess the provision of the population with sanatorium-resort services. The study of the demand for sanatorium services by the population was carried out using a sociological survey. Results. In the comparative analysis, it was found that the Republic of Tatarstan is the region with a developed, relatively stable sanatoriums-health resorts system. The increase in the number of beds in sanatoriums (from 23.86 beds per 10,000 population in 2002 to 24.94 in 2018) and bed turnover rate (from 12.84 in 2002 to 16.59 in 2018) during the studied period indicated the continuity between curative and restorative-rehabilitation medicine. An increase in the proportion (from 3.07% in 2002 to 4.15% in 2018) with an overall increase in the number of stayed people (1.39 times) indicated the interest of the population in rehabilitation treatment and recreation in regional sanatoriums-health resorts. As a result of the survey, a portrait of the modern consumer of sanatoriums-health resorts was drawn up, and priorities in sanatorium choosing were determined. Conclusion. The Republic of Tatarstan belongs to the regions with a developed system of sanatoriums-health resorts and significant potential to its development, which is confirmed by the presence of natural healing factors, improved provision of sanatoriums-health resorts care and increasing demand of the population for services for rehabilitation treatment and recreation in regional sanatoriums.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Ulzytueva Alexandra I. ◽  
◽  
Kurganskaya Alla V. ◽  

The article updates the problem of developing the skills of analyzing a work of art in children of preschool and primary school age. The article defines the significance of the analysis of works of fiction in solving the problems of introducing children to book culture, forming interest in reading children’s literature. The solution of the indicated problems is possible when teachers of preschool and primary general education have methodological competence, manifested in knowledge of the features of works of folklore and fiction, in the ability to analyze them. In order to identify the formation of methodological competence, teachers of preschool educational organizations and secondary schools were offered questionnaires, the results of the questionnaire are presented in the article. It was revealed that teachers realize the importance of analyzing works of art, know the methods and techniques of analyzing works, explaining words unfamiliar to children, are able to formulate questions that reveal an understanding of the content of the work, etc. However, it is not always correct to determine at what stage of acquaintance with an art work it is appropriate to ask questions of a different nature, focused on a deep analysis of the work. The analysis of teacher questionnaires and the direct monitoring of the educational activities of children and teachers in preschool educational organizations and schools indicate the need for systematic and systematic work to increase the methodological competence of primary school teachers and teachers in the field of analysis of works of art. Keywords: analysis of artistic work, children of preschool and primary school age, methodological competence, methods and techniques of analysis of artistic work, federal state educational standard of preschool education, federal state educational standard of primary general education


Author(s):  
Dmitry Shevchenko ◽  
Harry Kingsley Arku

Financing of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) today is one of the major areas of state support in volatile economies, as it is recognized as the most pressing problem affecting the activities of small businesses. The scale of development of SMEs in Russia today and its contribution to the economic recovery is clearly insufficient and impossible to expand without special measures of state support. This chapter will analyze the current state, dynamics, and financial constraints of SMEs in Russia; classify state supporting institutions; suggest basic methods to curb the situation; and disclose prospective financial supporting tools for SMEs development. The authors established the possibility of applying the Russian experience in supporting SMEs in the Republic of Ghana. This is due to the similarities in economic issues in these countries such as depreciation of currency and fall in oil prices. The authors analyzed the volumes and results of major government activities of the Russian Federal State and identified prospects for their development and implementation in Ghana.


Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 488-493
Author(s):  
Marzhangul A. Kusainova ◽  
Riza N. Zhapanova ◽  
Galiyabanu M. Kertaeva ◽  
Sayan T. Zhanbyrbaeva ◽  
Laura E. Alipbayeva

  Abstract. Insufficient attention is being paid to the potential of applying folk pedagogics and ethnopedagogics in improving society, which is a serious omission that reduces the effectiveness of the formation of a healthy lifestyle for younger students and does not contribute to the continuity of generations in this matter, including preservation of national values and culture. The purpose of the study is to investigate these issues, analyse the works of Kazakh and foreign scientists and formulate proposals for improving the educational process aimed at creating a healthy lifestyle for children in classroom and extracurricular activities. This article investigates the formation of a healthy lifestyle in primary school age. The author of the paper argues that this process should be based on the principles of folk pedagogy and ethno-pedagogy, since it is precisely under the current conditions of globalization and unification of cultures that they can ensure the continuity of generations in the Republic of Kazakhstan in preserving and enhancing national traditions and values of training and education. The author suggests creating a healthy lifestyle for children in classroom and extracurricular activities, attracting prominent Kazakh scientists, writers, poets, local historians, artists to the process, including setting up sightseeing walking tours around Kazakhstan, which will provide younger students with physical activity, necessary knowledge and will facilitate the development of healthy habits associated with maintaining a healthy lifestyle. The paper also draws attention to the fact that a personal example of teachers and parents is the best motivation for younger students in the formation of their healthy lifestyle. Resumen. No se presta suficiente atención a las posibilidades de utilizar la pedagogía popular y la etnopedagogía para mejorar la sociedad, lo que constituye una omisión grave que reduce la efectividad de la formación de un estilo de vida saludable entre los niños de la escuela primaria y no contribuye a la continuidad de generaciones en esta materia, incluso la preservación de los valores y la cultura nacionales. El propósito de la investigación - es estudiar estos temas, analizar los trabajos de científicos kazajos y extranjeros y formular propuestas para mejorar el proceso educativo dirigido a la formación de un estilo de vida saludable para los niños en la escuela y las actividades extraescolares. Este artículo analiza las características de la formación de un estilo de vida saludable en la escuela primaria. El autor del artículo sustenta la tesis de que este proceso debe basarse en los principios de la pedagogía popular y la etnopedagogía, ya que en las condiciones modernas de globalización y unificación de culturas son capaces de asegurar la continuidad de generaciones en la República de Kazajstán en la preservación y mejora de las tradiciones nacionales y valores de formación y educación. El autor propone formar un estilo de vida saludable para los niños en las lecciones educativas y actividades extracurriculares, involucrando a destacados científicos, escritores, poetas, historiadores locales, artistas kazajos en el proceso, así como organizar excursiones a pie a los lugares de interés de Kazajstán, que proporcionarán a los niños de la escuela primaria la actividad física, los conocimientos necesarios y permitirán desarrollar buenos hábitos asociados con un estilo de vida saludable. El artículo también llama la atención sobre el hecho de que el ejemplo personal de los maestros y los padres es la mejor motivación para que los niños de la escuela primaria formen su estilo de vida saludable.  


Author(s):  
Dmitry Shevchenko ◽  
Harry Kingsley Arku

Financing of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) today is one of the major areas of state support in volatile economies, as it is recognized as the most pressing problem affecting the activities of small businesses. The scale of development of SMEs in Russia today and its contribution to the economic recovery is clearly insufficient and impossible to expand without special measures of state support. This chapter will analyze the current state, dynamics, and financial constraints of SMEs in Russia; classify state supporting institutions; suggest basic methods to curb the situation; and disclose prospective financial supporting tools for SMEs development. The authors established the possibility of applying the Russian experience in supporting SMEs in the Republic of Ghana. This is due to the similarities in economic issues in these countries such as depreciation of currency and fall in oil prices. The authors analyzed the volumes and results of major government activities of the Russian Federal State and identified prospects for their development and implementation in Ghana.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Э. Полякова ◽  
E. Polyakova

The article reveals the content of the work on the formation of universal cognitive actions for younger schoolchildren in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education, including analysis, comparison, explanation, and the development of speech skills necessary for creating text-discourse. Different types and genres of texts are characterized and their structure is described. On specific examples, methodological methods and forms of organization of the process of teaching children of primary school age to the compilation of texts-discourse are considered.


Author(s):  
M. R. Shaydullina ◽  
A. S. Sultanova ◽  
D. A. Khabibullina ◽  
A. N. Zamalova

Сongenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) – is one of the versions of inherited enzymopathy. If it was dedected too late, that can lead not only to some fatal consequences, but to patient’s death as well. Neonatal screening of CAH allows to detect the desease promtly and start an immediate therapy in order to prevent difficult complications of the desease and patient’s disablement.Aim: Analisys of the frequency of CAH case rate within children in the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) after neonatal screening and also prevalence rate of different clinic forms of empairments and types of gene CYP21A2’s mutations.Methods: Reports of the results of CAH screening by medicogenetic service in RT were analysed. Information about children born, detected cases of CAH was taken from statistic form № 12 “Information on the number of diseases, detected within patient residing in the service area of medical organization, Rosstat” during 2006–2018yrs. Materials for analysis of health clinic of children’s CAH were case histories of patient, observed in endocrinology department of GAUZ “Republican children clinic hospital” Ministry of Health of The Republic of Tatarstan (DRKB MZ RT). Molecular-genetic researches were conducted on the basis of Federal state budgetary institution “National medical center for endocrinology” of the Russian ministry of Health. (FGBU “NMIC of endocrinology) of The Russian ministry of Health) with the support of “Alfa Endo” program CAF charity foundation.Results: During 2007–2017 yrs. according to the results of neonatal screening 32 children with CAH were detected. The case rate ranged from 1:5054 to 1:56 598 newborn. The maximum of the disease case in RT was detected in 2016 (11 children). With 24 children molecular-genetic analysis was conducted, as a result 24 gene CYP21A2’s mutations were detected in homo- and heterozygotic state. The most widely spread mutation turned to be 12spl, which was found in 45,8% of cases.Conclusion: Conducted analysis confirms the necessity of the further study of the CAH case rate distinctions in different areas and cities of RT, and also upgrade of the organization and performance of the neonatal screening.


2019 ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
V. A. Rozhko

The review provides up-to-date data on pathogenetic mechanisms, opportunities of diagnosis, and organizational and medical measures concerning autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). AIT is a polyetiological disease which is mainly caused by environmental factors, genetic predisposition and disorder in immune regulation. Primary AIT incidence in the Republic of Belarus in 2017 is 58 cases per 100,000 population in the overall structure of the thyroid gland pathology, the AIT accounts for up to 40 %. The upward trend in the number of autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland, including that in ecologically unfavorable regions, is explained not only by the true increase in the number of patients with AIT, the consequences of stress, but also by the overdiagnosis. There is contradictory data on the correlation of the level of iodine sufficiency of the population with the AIT development; there is no convincing evidence of the role of radiation factors in increasing the risk of AIT. The review analyzes the correlation of AIT with an imbalance in a number of microelements involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormones and affecting the iodine exchange. The article presents the study results that determined the nature of immune disorders in AIT and hypothyroidism in such forms as disorders of lymphocyte subpopulations, proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, changes in the apoptosis mechanisms, which were proposed for use as predictors of the severity of thyroid immune inflammation and hypothyroidism. The criteria for selecting patients with an increased risk of developing AIT complications remain unclear, that necessitates the development and implementation of additional organizational and medical measures for following-up of such patients and assessing their quality of life.


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