scholarly journals Trichinella spp. Y EL CICLO SALVAJE EN LA PROVINCIA DE SANTA FE

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (suplemento) ◽  
Author(s):  
M F Bono Battistoni
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Endemic Country ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
Wild Fauna ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Artificial Digestion ◽  
Didelphis Albiventris

Trichinellosis in a zoonotic parasitism of worldwide distribution caused by nematodes of the genus Trichinella. Argentina is considered an endemic country for this zoonosis and so far four species have been identified, spiralis, patagoniensis, britovi and pseudospiralis. It can affect both domestic animals such as pigs, dogs, horses, or wild animals such as cougars, armadillos, wild boars, and wild pigs. With the aim of knowing if any species of Trichinella circulates among the wild fauna of the province of Santa Fe, 22 samples of muscle from pigs between wild and wild boars were analyzed by Artificial Digestion, five from aguará guazú (Chrysocyon brachiurus), one of cat wild (Leopardus geoffroyi), one of weasel (Didelphis albiventris) and one of an equine (Equus caballus). All samples were negative.

Colonising Elephant Hunting in Assam (1826–1947)

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-329
Author(s):  
Geetashree Singh
Keyword(s):  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
British Government ◽  
Wildlife Protection ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Protection Policy ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Preservation Policy ◽  
Wild Dogs

Elephant has always played an important role in the history of Assam. Because of its strategic importance, elephant has always been preserved while other wild animals such as rhinoceros, tigers, leopards, bears, wolves, hyenas, wild boars, wild pigs, hogs, wild dogs, deer and bear were hunted for games, and attempts were made at the total annihilation of these animals during the colonial rule. Though the cases of elephant hunting for ivory were not uncommon, it was mostly preferred to be captured for its usefulness. Elephant was not only used for transportation, hauling and administrative purposes, but it was also a very good hunting friend. Because of the strategic importance of the animal, elephant hunting became a monopoly of the British government during colonial rule in Assam. Process of elephant catching and its management was also controlled by the British as it was also one of the important sources of revenue for the British government. The wildlife protection policy in India started with the elephant’s preservation policy of 1879. Thus, elephant plays an important role in the wildlife preservation of India. This article deals with the process of colonisation of elephant hunting, and an attempt has been made to study the management of elephants under kheddah department as well as private lease system, methods of elephant catching, elephant protection policies, conflicts over the access of the animal and revenue from elephants.

scholarly journals Multidrug Resistance Dissemination in Escherichia coli Isolated from Wild Animals: Bacterial Clones and Plasmid Complicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-137
Author(s):  
Carolina Sabença ◽  
Gilberto Igrejas ◽  
Patrícia Poeta ◽  
Frédéric Robin ◽  
Richard Bonnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wild Fauna ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Animal Isolates

Objectives. Epidemiological data concerning third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) resistance in wild fauna are scarce. The aim of this study was to characterize the resistance genes, their genetic context, and clonal relatedness in 17 Escherichia coli resistant to 3GC isolated from wild animals. Methods. The isolates were characterized by short-read whole genome sequencing, and long-read sequencing was used for the hybrid assembly of plasmid sequences. Results. The 3GC resistance gene most identified in the isolates was the extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-encoding gene blaCTX-M-1 (82.3%), followed by blaCTX-M-32 (5.9%), blaCTX-M-14 (5.9%), and blaSHV-12 (5.9%). E. coli isolates mainly belonged to the sequence types (STs) rarely reported from humans. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based typing showed that most E. coli genomes from wild animals (wild boars, birds of prey, and buzzards) formed clonal clusters (<5 SNPs), showing a clonal dissemination crossing species boundaries. blaCTX-M-1-harboring IncI1-ST3 plasmid was the predominant ESBL-encoding plasmid (76.4%) in wild animal isolates. Plasmid comparison revealed a 110-kb self-transferable plasmid consisting of a conserved backbone and two variable regions involved in antimicrobial resistance and in interaction with recipient cells during conjugation. Conclusion. Our results highlighted the unexpected clonal dissemination of blaCTX-M-1-encoding clones and the complicity of IncI1-ST3 plasmid in the spread of blaCTX-M-1 within wild fauna.

scholarly journals China's Legal Response to Trafficking in Wild Animals: The Relationship between International Treaties and Chinese Law

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 408-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiwen Chang
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Ecological Civilization ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Wild Fauna ◽  
The Government ◽  
Bear Bile

In China, the wild animals and animal products that are sold through illegal trafficking are mainly those that can be made into medicines; are raw materials in the form of ivory, rhinoceros horns, and turtle shells; and are edible or have ornamental value, such as birds, monkeys, turtles, and lizards. Due to its rapid economic development over the past decade, China has become one of the world's largest wildlife markets. The main reasons for trafficking are a lack of viable substitutes for raw materials used in traditional Chinese medicines (e.g., bear bile, bear bile powder, pangolin, and other products); a preference in traditional food culture for delicacies made from wildlife; and of the private consumption by some rich and corrupt government officials of tiger's meat, bear's paw, pangolin and other wild animal products—bear's paw and pangolin being the most popular. This type of wild animal trafficking endangers the safety of animal species protected by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), and damages the international image of the government and people of China. Since 2013, under the frame of construction of ecological civilization, China has taken stricter measures on legislation, administrative enforcement, judicial adjudication, and international cooperation on prevention and punishment of illegal trafficking.

scholarly journals Animals in the legal culture of Prussian towns (the 13th–16th centuries): An overview

2019 ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
Paweł Mateusz Modrzyński
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Household Appliances

Animals were a permanent element in the landscape of medieval towns. Many residents of the then urban centres lived of animal husbandry. In addition to farm animals (e.g. pigs), they kept domestic animals (e.g. dogs and cats) as well as wild animals. The latter often sought food in garbage and suburbs. Such animals were also kept for entertainment. Authorities of Prussian towns regulated many issues related to the functioning of towns, including those concerning animal husbandry. Animals could pose a threat to the health and life of residents. They were also considered to be pests that destroy crops, orchards, and household appliances. The legislation of the period was focused on determining guilt for crimes and offenses committed by animals. Either an animal, treated as an entity responsible for the harmful act, or its owner was blamed for the misconducts. The presence of animals, especially livestock, was considered to be the cause of considerable sanitary problems in towns, mainly due to animal waste. Town authorities regulated issues concerning cattle herding and grazing. The care over the herd was entrusted to urban shepherds whose service was regulated by town legislation. The problem of the perception of animals by the society of that time was also significant. Although seemingly unwanted, they were the only source of income for many residents. For some, animals were pests, and for others, a guarantee of fragile existence. It was also a time when people began to wonder what exactly an animal is, what role it should play in human life, and how to treat it.

scholarly journals Deer Parks and Recreation. Zooarchaeological evidence form the Earls of Arundel Hunting Lodge in Downley (West Sussex, UK)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Nabais ◽  
Mark Roberts ◽  
Nicole Barber
Keyword(s):  
Body Part ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
High Status ◽  
Henry Viii ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Parks And Recreation ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

The deer park at Downley is one of many medieval parks known from the county of Sussex (UK), 8km north of Chichester. The park belonged to the Earls of Arundel and there is evidence of its occasional use by high-status figures, such as King Henry VIII. The park perimeter measures 6.6km and covers an area of 261.7ha. During the first season of excavation in 2014 the presence of a substantial lodge building was proven within the pale, the features associated with the lodge contained various archaeological and environmental remains. This paper focuses on the study of zooarchaeological materials recovered from the 16 trenches opened in 2014. All faunal remains were studied, revealing domestic animals such as cattle and sheep, as well as wild animals such as deer and boar. Fallow deer is the most frequent species showing a very complete body part representation, suggesting it was hunted and processed locally. Further work is carried out looking at body part representation, which is particularly important when looking at the ritualised dismemberment of hunted animals. In any hunting milieu dogs/hounds are prevalent, and are represented by some anatomical elements, but also by considerable evidence of gnawing marks on bones that were clearly humanly processed before being fed to the animals.

Named Partners and Other Rugs

2018 ◽  
pp. 91-123
Author(s):  
Erica Fudge
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Emotional Attachment ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Legal Representation ◽  
Close Relationship

This chapter focuses on cows, and their value to the human household. In particular, it looks at the close relationship the woman who milked a cow would have with that animal, and how that relationship stands as a counterpoint to the legal representation of domestic animals in the period which figured them, in distinction from wild animals, as lacking volition. The chapter argues that documentation – from agricultural works as well as poetic ones – offers a way of understanding the complex juxtaposition of emotional attachment and utility in people’s relationships with their animals in the period.

scholarly journals Sandfly frequency in a clean and well-organized rural environment in the state of Paraná, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Machado de Oliveira Legriffon ◽  
Kárin Rosi Reinhold-Castro ◽  
Vanderson Carvalho Fenelon ◽  
Herintha Coeto Neitzke-Abreu ◽  
Ueslei Teodoro
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
The State ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Enzootic Cycle

INTRODUCTION: Sandflies caught in Santa Juliana Farm in Sarandi, State of Paraná, Brazil, were assessed in terms of their fauna, seasonality, and frequency in the homes and in shelters of domestic animals around the homes, as well as in the nearby forest. METHODS: In Santa Juliana Farm, there are no records of cases of ACL, differing from other relatively clean and organized areas where surveys of sandflies have been conducted in Paraná. Samples were collected with Falcão light traps, fortnightly from 22:00 to 02:00 hours, from November 2007 to November 2008. RESULTS: A total of 4,506 sandflies were captured, representing 13 species, predominantly Nyssomyia whitmani (71.8%). More sandflies were collected in the forest (52.6%) than outside the forest (residences and pigsty) (47.4%). However, Ny. whitmani was collected in greater numbers outside (38.3%) than inside the forest (33.5%). Most sandflies were collected in the warmer months and during periods with regular rainfall. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that cleaning and organization around the houses could reduce sandfly population in peridomicile. Constructing shelters for animal at a distance of approximately 100m from domiciles is recommended to prevent the invasion of sandflies, as this farm has an area of preserved forest, with wild animals and sandflies present to maintain the enzootic cycle of Leishmania.

scholarly journals The Presence of Rabies Virus-Neutralizing Antibody in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa), a Non-Target Bait Vaccine Animal in Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Ha-Hyun Kim ◽  
Dong-Kun Yang ◽  
Ja-Young Wang ◽  
Dong-Jun An
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Oral Vaccination ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Target Animal ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

Oral vaccination with bait is an effective method to prevent rabies in wildlife, but non-target wild animals may also ingest the bait vaccine. In Korea, the target animal of the rabies bait vaccine is the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides). Bait vaccines have been distributed in Korea for 20 years; although wild raccoon dogs have been tested for antibodies, rabies antibodies have never been investigated in non-target wild animals. Therefore, this study investigated rabies antibody formation in wild boars (Sus scrofa), which is likely the main competitor for the bait vaccine in Korea. In bait areas, 20 of 109 wild boars (18.3%) were seropositive, and 39 of 470 wild boars (8.3%) in non-bait areas were also seropositive. These results provide insights regarding bait uptake or vaccination in non-target wild boars.

Dissemination of Antimicrobial-Resistant Clones of Salmonella enterica Among Domestic Animals, Wild Animals, and Humans

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Palomo ◽  
Maria Jorge Campos ◽  
María Ugarte ◽  
María Concepción Porrero ◽  
Juan Manuel Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Wild Animals

scholarly journals Epidemiological Study of Pesticide Poisoning in Domestic Animals and Wildlife in Portugal: 2014–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Grilo ◽  
Anabela Moreira ◽  
Belmira Carrapiço ◽  
Adriana Belas ◽  
Berta São Braz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
Pesticides Residues ◽  
Pharmacology And Toxicology ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Nowadays the intentional poisoning of domestic and wild animals is a crime in the European Union (EU), but as in the past the poison is still used in rural areas of a number of European countries to kill animals that were considered harmful for human activities. From January 2014 up until October 2020, the Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (LFT-FMV) has done the analytical detection of poisoning substances in 503 samples of wildlife and domestic animals and pesticides residues were found in 239 of the samples analyzed. In this retrospective study, toxicology results from domestic species (dog, cat, sheep, cows, and horses), wildlife species (red foxes, birds of prey, lynx, and wild boar), and food baits, are presented. During this period the samples analyzed at the LFT-FMV, were received from all over the country. Analytical detections were performed via solvent extraction followed by thin layer chromatography. Molluscicides (47%, n = 109) and Carbamates (24%, n = 57) were found to be the first category of pesticides involved in intoxications, in both domestic and wild animals, followed by rodenticides (13%, n = 30)—in this group second and third generation, were the most represented; Strychnine is the third (11%, n = 26) even though this pesticide has been banned in Portugal since 1988 and in the European Union since 2006 and finally Organophosphates (5%, n = 11) in the small number. This study allowed to realize that a great number of positive samples involved banned pesticides (i.e., Aldicarb and Strychnine) but, at the same time, many positives cases were due to the exposure to commercially available products (i.e., Methiocarb and Anticoagulant rodenticides). Also, it's possible to identify the areas where domestic species are the most affected (i.e., Setubal and Lisboa) and the areas where the wild animals are the mainly affected species (i.e., Faro, Castelo Branco, and Bragança).

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