scholarly journals Treatment of noncognitive neuropsychiatric disorders in Alzheimer's disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
A. B. Lokshina ◽  
D. A. Grishina
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Severe Dementia ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Cerebral Amyloidosis ◽  
One Year

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, which is caused by cerebral amyloidosis. Noncognitive neuropsychiatric disorders (NСNPDs) include emotional, behavioral disorders, as well as psychotic symptoms. NСNPDs are almost an obligatory manifestation of this disease, accompany cognitive impairment and are detected at all stages of the disease – from preclinical to the severe dementia stage. As an example, we present a case report of a female patient with mild dementia in AD in whom Akatinol memantine administration resulted in the stabilization of a cognitive defect within one year and a decrease in the severity of emotional and behavioral disorders. The article discusses the indications and contraindications for antipsychotic administration in this disease, NСNPDs treatment in AD, which includes nonpharmacological and pharmacological methods. Accurate analysis of NСNPDs allows to predict the disease course, optimize the treatment, and thereby improve the quality of life of the patient and his relatives and caregivers.

scholarly journals Cholinergic treatment across the spectrum: therapeutic trends in mild to severe dementia

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (s1) ◽  
pp. S1-S2
Author(s):  
STEPHEN SALLOWAY
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Severe Dementia ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Advanced Stages

The field of Alzheimer's disease (AD) research is in transition. Advances in our knowledge of AD pathology are translating into improved understanding of pharmacological agents that may have benefits across the spectrum of the illness. A major focus of current research is the potential ability of cholinergic therapy to enhance function and quality of life in all patients affected by AD, from the mildest to the most advanced stages.

Determinants of quality of life in Alzheimer's disease: perspective of patients, informal caregivers, and professional caregivers

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1805-1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gómez-Gallego ◽  
Jesus Gómez-Amor ◽  
Juan Gómez-García
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Medical Condition ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Healthcare Staff

AbstractBackground: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic medical condition with symptoms that compromise patients’ quality of life (QoL). The identification of the factor predicting QoL in AD is essential to develop more effective interventions. Recent research suggests that these factors could be different for the distinct informants. This study explores the QoL predictors considering three different sources of information: patients, caregivers, and healthcare staff.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 102 patients, their primary caregivers, and 15 members of the healthcare staff evaluated patients’ QoL (QoL-AD Scale). Patients’ and caregivers’ demographic and clinical data (cognitive function, neuropsychiatric symptoms, depression, and caregivers’ burden) were considered as QoL predictors.Results: In multivariate-adjusted linear regression analyses, we observed that patients’ ratings were mainly affected by their mood whereas caregivers’ ratings were also negatively influenced by patients’ irritability and burden. According to staff ratings, both psychotic symptoms and neuroleptics were associated with lower QoL.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that depression is the main variable related to patients’ QoL and that more careful management of neuropsychiatric disorders is necessary. Both proxies’ ratings are not equivalent to patients’ reports in terms of predictors but they are complementary. Thus, a thorough QoL assessment should consider separately the perspective of the different informants.

scholarly journals Analysis of word number and content in discourse of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Onofre de Lira ◽  
Thaís Soares Cianciarullo Minett ◽  
Paulo Henrique Ferreira Bertolucci ◽  
Karin Zazo Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spoken Discourse ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
Content Processing ◽  
Description Task

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by impairments in memory and other cognitive functions such as language, which can be affected in all aspects including discourse. A picture description task is considered an effective way of obtaining a discourse sample whose key feature is the ability to retrieve appropriate lexical items. There is no consensus on findings showing that performance in content processing of spoken discourse deteriorates from the mildest phase of AD.OBJECTIVE:To compare the quantity and quality of discourse among patients with mild to moderate AD and controls.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was designed. Subjects aged 50 years and older of both sexes, with one year or more of education, were divided into three groups: control (CG), mild AD (ADG1) and moderate AD (ADG2). Participants were asked to describe the "cookie theft" picture. The total number of complete words spoken and information units (IU) were included in the analysis.RESULTSThere was no significant difference among groups in terms of age, schooling and sex. For number of words spoken, the CG performed significantly better than both the ADG 1 and ADG2, but no difference between the two latter groups was found. CG produced almost twice as many information units as the ADG1 and more than double that of the ADG2. Moreover, ADG2 patients had worse performance on IUs compared to the ADG1.CONCLUSIONDecreased performance in quantity and content of discourse was evident in patients with AD from the mildest phase, but only content (IU) continued to worsen with disease progression.

scholarly journals TOP CITED PAPERS IN INTERNATIONAL PSYCHOGERIATRICS: 6b. BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS AND CAREGIVERS' REACTION IN TAIWANESE PATIENTS WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Ling Fuh ◽  
Jeffrey L. Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Clinical Issues ◽  
Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms

The behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common and serious problems that affect the quality of life of the patients who experience such symptoms as well as their caregivers (Matsui et al., 2006). BPSD present a major challenge in the medical management of cognitively impaired patients. Our paper entitled “Behavioral disorders and caregivers’ reaction in Taiwanese patients with Alzheimer's disease” (hereafter referred to as the “paper”) (Fuh et al., 2001) has been cited widely, reflecting the importance of these clinical issues and the growing international interest in studies of BPSD.

Case Studies in Dementia-Related Anxiety

GeroPsych ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Molly Maxfield ◽  
Jennifer R. Roberts ◽  
JoAnna Dieker
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
High Genetic Risk ◽  
Disease Case ◽  
Negative Perceptions

Abstract. Two clients seeking neuropsychological assessment reported anxiety about their cognitive status. We review the cases to increase our understanding of factors contributing to dementia-related anxiety. Case 1 met the criteria for mild neurocognitive disorder; the client’s memory was impaired, and she had a high genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease. The client reported anxiety about negative perceptions of quality of life among individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. Case 2 did not meet the criteria for a neurocognitive disorder. Anxiety about this client’s cognitive status appeared attributable to generalized anxiety disorder, given his anxiety about diverse topics. Both clients reported embarrassment about forgetfulness and social withdrawal. Dementia-related anxiety is believed to be relatively common, to exist on a continuum, to have unique social implications, and to stem from various sources, necessitating differing interventions.

Validación de la escala Quality of Life in Alzheimer’s Disease (QOL-AD) en pacientes mexicanos con demencia tipo Alzheimer, vascular y mixta

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (02) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Rosas Carrasco ◽  
Laura del Pilar Torres Arreola ◽  
María de Guadalupe Guerra Silla ◽  
Sara Torres Castro ◽  
Luis Miguel Gutiérrez Robledo
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease

Integrated Biomarkers for Depression in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Critical Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Wenzler ◽  
Christian Knochel ◽  
Ceylan Balaban ◽  
Dominik Kraft ◽  
Juliane Kopf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Affect Regulation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Manifestation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Control Functional

Depression is a common neuropsychiatric manifestation among Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. It may compromise everyday activities and lead to a faster cognitive decline as well as worse quality of life. The identification of promising biomarkers may therefore help to timely initiate and improve the treatment of preclinical and clinical states of AD, and to improve the long-term functional outcome. In this narrative review, we report studies that investigated biomarkers for AD-related depression. Genetic findings state AD-related depression as a rather complex, multifactorial trait with relevant environmental and inherited contributors. However, one specific set of genes, the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), specifically the Val66Met polymorphism, may play a crucial role in AD-related depression. Regarding neuroimaging markers, the most promising findings reveal structural impairments in the cortico-subcortical networks that are related to affect regulation and reward / aversion control. Functional imaging studies reveal abnormalities in predominantly frontal and temporal regions. Furthermore, CSF based biomarkers are seen as potentially promising for the diagnostic process showing abnormalities in metabolic pathways that contribute to AD-related depression. However, there is a need for standardization of methodological issues and for replication of current evidence with larger cohorts and prospective studies.

scholarly journals The individual course of neuropsychiatric symptoms in people with Alzheimer's and Lewy body dementia: 12-year longitudinal cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audun Osland Vik-Mo ◽  
Lasse Melvaer Giil ◽  
Miguel Germán Borda ◽  
Clive Ballard ◽  
Dag Aarsland
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Lewy Body Dementia ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Primary Inclusion ◽  
The Individual

IntroductionUnderstanding the natural course of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia is important for planning patient care and trial design, but few studies have described the long-term course of NPS in individuals.MethodPrimary inclusion of 223 patients with suspected mild dementia from general practice were followed by annual assessment, including the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), for up to 12 years. Total and item NPI scores were classified as stable, relapsing, single episodic or not present based on 4.96 (s.d. 2.3) observations (98% completeness of longitudinal data) for 113 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 84 patients with LBD (68 dementia with Lewy bodies and 16 Parkinson's disease dementia).ResultsWe found that 80% had stable NPI total ≥1, 50% had stable modest NPI total ≥12 and 25% had stable NPI total ≥24 scores. Very severe NPS (≥48) were mostly single episodes, but 8% of patients with Alzheimer's disease had stable severe NPS. Patients with Alzheimer's disease and the highest 20% NPI total scores had a more stable or relapsing course of four key symptoms: aberrant motor behaviour, aggression/agitation, delusions and irritability (odds ratio 55, P < 0.001). This was not seen in LBD. Finally, 57% of patients with Alzheimer's disease and 84% of patients with LBD had reoccurring psychotic symptoms.ConclusionsWe observed a highly individual course of NPS, with most presenting as a single episode or relapsing; a stable course was less common, especially in LBD. These findings demonstrate the importance of an individualised approach (i.e. personalised medicine) in dementia care.

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