scholarly journals Identification of Active Compound Extracts from Noni Fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.) and Its Potential as Antioxidants

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 206-212
Author(s):  
Sogandi Sogandi ◽  
Rabima Rabima
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
First Time

Antioxidants are compounds that can inhibit oxidation reactions by binding to free radicals and highly reactive molecules. One form of reactive oxygen compounds is free radicals, these compounds are formed in the body and are triggered by various factors. Noni fruits have been used by the community as a medicine for high blood pressure, beriberi, urinating, inflammation of bile, inflammation of the intestine, dysentery, constipation, spleen pain, liver pain, diabetes and lumbago. Nevertheless, research on the identification of the active compounds of noni fruit which act as antioxidants yet. This study aims to extract and fractionation of Noni fruit, determine the antioxidant activity of Noni fruit extract, and identify the types of bioactive compounds that act as antioxidants. Noni fruit was extracted used maceration technique with 96% ethanol and then fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents. Antioxidant activity from the results of noni fruit fractionation was measured by the DPPH (1.1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrachyl) method and identification of bioactive compounds was carried out by GCMS. The results showed the greatest antioxidant activity was found in chloroform fraction with a percentage of inhibition of 78.19%. For the first time this study revealed the types of bioactive compounds from noni fruit ethyl acetate fraction which act as antioxidants are n-hexadecanoic acid, squalene, pyridin-3-carboxamide, oxime, n- (2-trifluoro methyl phenyl), and beta-sitosterol

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN FRAKSI AKAR TABAR KEDAYAN (Aristolochia foveolata Merr.) DENGAN METODE DPPH (2,2 DIPHENYL-1-PICRILHYDRAZIL)

2019 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Risa Supringrum ◽  
Siti Jubaidah
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Dpph Method

Antioxidants are substances that can neutralize free radicals, thus protecting the body from various diseases by binding to free radicals and highly reactive molecules that can damage cells. The use of high-dose synthetic antioxidants is reported to be toxic and carcinogenic. Tabar Kedayan root (Aristolochia foveolata Merr) is one of the native plants from North Kalimantan, which is empirically used as an anti-poison, containing secondary metabolites including alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids. Flavonoids are powerful antioxidants. Some studies report that the function of flavonoids can be to prevent and treat cancer. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract and n-hexane fraction, the ethyl acetate fraction of Tabar Kedayan root with 2.2 Diphenyl- 1-Picrilhydrazil (DPPH) method as a free radical compound. The results of the study obtained IC50 values for each sample, at ethyl acetate fraction 267.48 ppm, ethanol extract at 603.80 ppm, ethanol-water fraction 705.43 ppm, n- hexane fraction 1500 ppm. The antioxidant activity tests indicate that ethyl acetate fraction is categorized as weak antioxidant, while the ethanol-water fraction and n-hexane fraction exhibit no antioxidant activity. Keywords : Tabar Kedayan, Antioxidants, 2.2 Diphenyl-1-Picrilhydrazil

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF DYPSIS LEPTOCHEILOS LEAVES EXTRACT AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY OF THE ISOLATED COMPOUNDS

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
HAITHAM ALI IBRAHIM ◽  
FATEHIA SAYED ELSHARAWY ◽  
MAHMMOUD ELHASSAB ◽  
SAMAH SHABANA ◽  
EMAN GABER HAGGAG
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Docking Study ◽  
Separation Techniques ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mcf 7

Objective: phytochemical investigation of the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of 80% aqueous methanol extract (AME) of Dypsis leptocheilos leaves, in addition to evaluation of the antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of the AME and EAF. Docking was used to predict and understand cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds. Methods: The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of Dypsis leptocheilos leaves was subjected to different chromatographic separation techniques. Structures of the isolated compounds were established by different spectroscopic techniques (1H/13C NMR). Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH assay, while cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT cell viability assay. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by agar diffusion method. The docking study was conducted using Auto Dock Vina; the estrogen receptor (PDB 5t92) was used as a receptor for the docking. Results: Chromatographic separation techniques were led to the isolation of five phenolic compounds; these compounds were identified to be apigenin 8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (Vitexin) (1), apigenin 6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (Isovitexin) (2), luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), luteolin 8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (Orientin) (4), luteolin 6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (Isoorientin) (5). They were isolated and identified for the first time from this plant species. The AME and EAF showed moderate activity against Gram positive and Gram negatvie bacteria, while both of them showed similar and powerful antioxidant activity with SC50 = 12.8±0.56 µg/ml and SC50 = 17±0.77 µg/ml respectively, compared to ascorbic (reference drug) SC50 = 14.2±0.35 µg/ml. The EAF showed higher cytotoxic activity on the MCF-7 cells (human breast cancer cell line), with IC50 = 12.3 ± 1.82 µg/ml, compared to Vinblastine Sulfate (reference drug). All isolated compounds showed good binding affinity to the estrogen receptors existed in the MCF-7 cell. Conclusion: Five phenolic compounds were isolated for the first time from the EAF of Dypsis leptocheilos leaves. The AME and EAF extracts showed variable antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.

scholarly journals Comparative study of some bioactive compounds and their antioxidant activity of some berry types

10.5219/1132 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina Aly ◽  
Rabab Maraei ◽  
Omneya Abou El-Leel
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Berry Fruits ◽  
Red Currant

Berries are wealthy in bioactive compounds like phenolic compounds and flavonoids that are deemed antioxidants and are great important to health. This research was performed to examine, recognize and compare bioactive compounds in certain types of berries and their antioxidant activity. The data show that blue berry, black berry and Egyptian black mulberry contain the highest content of most bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins, while long mulberry and red currant berry have the lowest content for most of these compounds. They therefore, contain the highest value of antioxidant activity. The chemical composition of the berries varies depending on cultivar, variety, location of growth, environmental conditions and harvest time, as well as post-harvest treatments therefore the composition differed from berry fruit to another. Thus, berry fruits are very useful in nutrition to protect the body from many diseases because of its containment of these compounds, which act as free radicals scavenger that harm the body and thus rid the body of many harmful toxins.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF SECONDARY METABOLIC AND TEST OF ACTIVITY ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF BANGUN¬- BANGUN (Coleus amboinicus Lour.) LEAVES AS ANTIOXIDANT

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Kasta Gurning
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Synthetic Antioxidants ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Coleus Amboinicus

Antioxidants have an important role in delaying the oxidation process and preventing the occurrence of degenerative diseases in the body. Antioxidants consist of synthetic and natural; the use of synthetic antioxidants in a relatively long period is hazardous so that the use of natural antioxidants is considered more potential and safe for the body. The process of extracting secondary metabolites from the leaves of bangun-bangun (Coleus amboinicus L.) is carried out by the maceration method with methanol, then partitioned in stages with n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. This research intends to identify secondary metabolites and test antioxidant activity from the ethyl acetate fraction with the DPPH method. Phytochemical screening results of ethyl acetate fraction showed the different secondary metabolite groups such as alkaloids, phenolics & polyphenols, flavonoids, coumarin, and triterpenoids. Antioxidant activity (IC50) obtained is 64.97 with a healthy category, so that the potential to be used as a natural antioxidant.

scholarly journals Isolation of bioactive compounds from Bergenia ciliata (haw.) Sternb rhizome and their antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roheena Zafar ◽  
Habib Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Zahoor ◽  
Abdul Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic

Abstract Background Bergenia ciliata is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of diarrhea, vomiting, fever, cough, diabetes, cancer, pulmonary disorders and wound healing. Methods In this study, Bergenia ciliata crude extract, subfractions, and isolated compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant and anticholinesterase potential. The free radical scavenging capacities of the extracts determined using DPPH and ABTS assays. The anticholinesterase potentials were determined using acetylcholine esterase and butyryl choline esterase enzymes. To determine the phytochemical composition, the extracts were subjected to HPLC analysis and silica gel column isolation. Based on HPLC fingerprinting results, the ethyl acetate fraction was found to have more bioactive compounds and was therefore subjected to silica gel column isolation. As a result, three compounds; pyrogallol, rutin, and morin were isolated in the pure state. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic techniques like 1H-NMR, IR and UV-Visible. Results The crude extract showed maximum anticholinesterase (acetylcholinesterase = 90.22 ± 1.15% and butyrylcholinesterase = 88.22 ± 0.71%) and free radical scavenging (87.37 ± 2.45 and 83.50 ± 0.70% respectively against DPPH and ABTS radicals) potentials. The total phenolic contents (expressed as equivalent of gallic acid; mgGAE/g) were higher in ethyl acetate fraction (80.96 ± 1.74) followed by crude extract (70.65 ± 0.86) while the flavonoid contents (expressed as quercetin equivalent; mgQE/g) and were higher in crude extract (88.40 ± 1.12) followed by n-butanol fraction (60.10 ± 1.86). The isolated bioactive compounds pyrogallol, rutin, and morin were found active against ABTS and DPPH free radicals. Amongst them, pyrogallol was more active against both free radicals. Reasonable anticholinesterase activities were recorded for pyrogallol against selected enzymes. Conclusion The extracts and isolated compounds showed antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potentials. It was concluded that this plant could be helpful in the treatment of oxidative stress and neurological disorders if used in the form of extracts.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Wound Healing Activity of Polyherbal Fractions ofClinacanthus nutansandElephantopus scaber

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahzad Aslam ◽  
Muhammad Syarhabil Ahmad ◽  
Awang Soh Mamat ◽  
Muhammad Zamharir Ahmad ◽  
Faridah Salam
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Polyherbal Formulation ◽  
Wound Model ◽  
Elephantopus Scaber

Elephantopus scaberandClinacanthus nutansare traditionally used as wound healing herb. The objective of the present study is to develop a new polyherbal formulation, by comparison, the herbal combination ofElephantopus scaberandClinacanthus nutansas an in vitro antioxidant activity with their individual herbal activity followed by fractionation of polyherbal formulation for in vivo wound healing activities and identification of bioactive compounds from their active fractions. Antioxidant activity was performed in vitro by DPPH scavenging antioxidant activity followed by in vivo wound healing activities using excision wound model, incision wound model, and burn wound model. Toxicity of the fractions of the polyherbal formulation was performed by a dermal toxicity test. The result showed thatElephantopus scabercrude extract on the basis of EC50performs a much faster action (15.67 μg/mL) but with less % inhibition (87.66%) as compared to the combination of the new polyherbal formulation of crude extract (30 μg/mL). The polyherbal formulation has the highest % inhibition (89.49%) at the same dose as compared toElephantopus scaber(87.66%). In comparison among all crude and fractions of new polyherbal formulation, it was found that the ethyl acetate fraction of polyherbal formulation has the fastest activity (EC5014.83 μg/mL) with % inhibition (89.28%). Furthermore, during evaluation of wound contraction on excision and incision wound model, ethyl acetate fraction possesses the highest activity with (P< 0.001) and (P< 0.0001), respectively. During burn wound model, aqueous fraction (P< 0.001) possesses the highest activity followed by an ethyl acetate fraction (P< 0.0001). LC-MS analysis discovered the presence of several flavonoid-based compounds that work synergistically with sesquiterpene lactone and other bioactive compounds. In conclusion, flavonoid increases the antioxidant activity that surges the rate of wound contraction and works synergistically with other bioactive compounds.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antioksidan Fraksi Etil Asetat Dari Ekstrak Metanol Sargassum sp.

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Hafida Salma ◽  
Sri Sedjati Sedjati ◽  
Ali Ridlo
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Rotary Evaporator ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Sargassum sp. adalah salah satu jenis rumput laut paling banyak di Indonesia dan memiliki manfaat sebagai antioksidan, obat penyakit jantung, stroke, dll. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kandungan antioksidan fraksi etil asetat dari ekstrak metanol Sargassum sp. Sampel diambil dari Pantai Sundak, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksploratif diskriptif. Sampel dikeringkan dalam suhu ruangan selama 7 hari dan dimaserasi dengan pelarut metanol, lalu dievaporasi dengan rotary evaporator. Ekstrak metanol di fraksinasi menggunakan etil asetat. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan menggunakan 2 metode, yaitu metode penangkapan radikal bebas DPPH dan total kapasitas antioksidan fosfomolibdat. Vitamin C digunakan digunakan sebagai standar penangkapan radikal bebas DPPH dan total kapasitas antioksidan fosfomolibdat. Kadar total fenolat diuji menggunakan larutan Folin-Ciocalteu dengan standar asam galat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar total fenolat fraksi etil asetat Sargassum sp. sebesar 64,42 mg GAE/g sampel. Aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode penangkapan radikal bebas DPPH memiliki nilai IC50 1.289 ppm, vitamin C memiliki IC50 sebesar 122,71 ppm, sedangkan total kapasitas antioksidan adalah 39,52 mg AAE/g sampel. Kesimpulannya, yaitu kandungan aktivitas antioksidan fraksi etil asetat dari ekstrak metanol Sargassum sp. dengan metode penangkapan radikal bebas DPPH diduga sangat lemah dan kandungan aktivitas antioksidan dengan menggunakan metode fosfomolibdat diduga tinggi.  Sargassum sp. is one of the many types of seaweed in Indonesia and has benefits as an antioxidant, a drug for heart disease, stroke, etc. This study aims to determine the antioxidant content of ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract of Sargassum sp. Samples were taken from Sundak, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. The method used is descriptive explorative. Samples were dried at room temperature for 7 days and macerated with methanol, then evaporated at a rotary evaporator. The methanol extract fractionation using ethyl acetate. Testing the antioxidant activity using two methods, the method of catching free radicals DPPH and total antioxidant capacity fosfomolibdat. Vitamin C is used as a standard arrest DPPH free radical and total antioxidant capacity fosfomolibdat. Levels of total phenolics were tested using the Folin-Ciocalteu solution with gallic acid standard. The results showed that levels of total phenolic fraction of ethyl acetate Sargassum sp. amounting to 64,42 mg GAE/g sample. The antioxidant activity with catching free radicals DPPH methods have IC50 values 1.289 ppm, vitamin C has an IC50 of 122,71 ppm, while the total antioxidant capacity was 39,52 mg AAE/g sample. In conclusion, the content of the antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract of Sargassum sp. with catching free radicals DPPH methods allegedly extremely weak and the content of the antioxidant activity using methods fosfomolibdat predictably high.

Antioxidant Potential and Total Phenolic Compounds of Extracts and Fractions of Pistasia atlantica

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Alidadi ◽  
Mohammad-Taghi Moradi ◽  
Majid Asadi-Samani ◽  
Zahra Lorigooini
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Alcohol Extract ◽  
Ic50 Value

Different parts of Pistasia atlantica have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes in Iran. The aim of this study was to measurement and compare antioxidant activity and polyphenolic compounds of crude ethyl alcohol extract and four fractions of P. atlantica leaf. Crude ethyl alcohol extract of P. atlantica leaf was prepared using maceration method and subjected to fractionation with different polarity. The antioxidant potential of all these fractions was evaluated by the 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity method. The total phenolic, flavonoid, and flavonol components were measured with Folin-Ciocaltiue and Chlorid Aluminum methods. According to the radical scavenging capacity, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value 1.54±0.12 µg/ml, followed by the chloroform fraction with higher percent inhibition of the DPPH with 3.4±0.11 µg/ml. The results are represented relative to a reference standard, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), with IC50 value of 33.5±3.67μg/ml. Among these fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction and chloroform fraction had the highest amount of total phenolic compounds with value of 532.73 and 355.14 mg GAE/g, respectively. The results of this study showed that some fractions of P. atlantica leaf extract could be used as easily accessible source of natural antioxidants

scholarly journals Identifikasi Senyawa Aktif Ekstrak Buah Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) dan Potensinya sebagai Inhibitor Karies Gigi

2019 ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sogandi Sogandi ◽  
Putu Nilasari
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
High Concentration

Dental caries is a disease that many people experience, which is formed by the buildup of plaque on the teeth and the presence of bacteria. The bacteria known to be involved in the formation of dental caries is Streptococcus mutans. Dental caries used to be treated using antibiotics. However, it is known that many antibiotics are no longer effective against this bacteria hence it is necessary to look for another alternative. One alternative choice as an antibacterial is Noni fruit. This study aims to identify the bioactive compounds of noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia L) and to know the mechanism of action in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Noni fruit was macerated using 96% ethanol, then fractionated using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Antibacterial activity test was done using agar difusion method, and identification of bioactive compounds was conducted using GCMS. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction has the highest inhibitory activity on the growth of Streptococcus mutans with inhibition zone of ±17 mm and MIC (minimum inhibitor concentration) value of 10%. The inhibition mechanism is asumed to be done by making holes in cell membranes, which can be seen from the high concentration of proteins and nucleic acids coming out of cells after treatment that in turn means that cell leakage has occurred. The results of this study indicate that noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia L) contain bioactive quinolone compounds that can be a new source for treating dental caries

scholarly journals ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SESEWANUA (Clerodendrum fragrans [Vent.] Willd) LEAF EXTRACT AND FRACTION WITH 1,1-DiPHENYLl-2-PICRYLHYDRAZYL (DPPH) AND NITRATE-OXIDE FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING METHOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Benedicta Irene Rumagit ◽  
Adeanne Caroline Wullur ◽  
Donald Emilio Kalonio
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Free radicals are molecules containing unpaired electrons so that they are not stable and very reactive to other molecules. ROS/RNS radicals have physiological function, but the overproduction of free radicals can initiate oxidative/nitrosative stress that contributes to a high number of diseases. Body has an ability to neutralize the free radicals by forming the endogenous antioxidant. Environmental changes, living style, certain pathological conditions can cause the shift of prooxidant-antioxidant equilibrium. Thus, endogenous antioxidant intake is needed, particularly that originating from natural materials. One of the plants believed to have antioxidant activity is sesewanua (Clerodendrum fragrans [Vent.] Willd.) leaf. This study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract, hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction of the sesewanua leaf using DPPH and nitrate-oxide free radical scavenging method. The study is a laboratory experiment. The sample was sesewanua (Clerodendrum fragrans) obtained from East Malalayang I village, Malalayang district, Manado city, North Sulawesi. The antioxidant activity testing utilized 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitrate-oxide free radical scavenging method. Data included percent inhibition of free radicals and were analyzed using linear regression to determine 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of DPPH and nitrate-oxide free radicals. As conclusion, the ethanol extract, hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction of the sesewanua leaf had antioxidant activity through DPPH free antiradical activity, but not active as antiradical NO.

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