scholarly journals Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Conceptual Discussion

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 232-246
Author(s):  
Darlene Mwende Ndasi ◽  
Kwadwo Adusei-Asante
Keyword(s):  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Migrant Communities ◽  
Conceptual Discussion ◽  
Female Genital

Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a dangerous practice that predates all religions and perpetrated on children for various reasons in various cultural and global contexts, causing adverse lifelong health consequences including sexual, physical and psychological problems for the survivors. Even so, there appears to be no documented work that brings together the major conceptual blocks on FGM/C, a gap this paper seeks to begin to fill. This paper summarises some major concepts on FGM/C as a resource and evaluates key evidence on the practice. While the practice of FGM/C is highly concentrated in Africa, the practice is spread out globally with a shift towards its medicalization among migrant communities and traditional settings. A focus of this paper is to propagate awareness and polarise debates to bring to an end to the practice of FGM/C globally.

scholarly journals Female Genital Mutilation: Health Consequences and Complications—A Short Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliot Klein ◽  
Elizabeth Helzner ◽  
Michelle Shayowitz ◽  
Stephan Kohlhoff ◽  
Tamar A. Smith-Norowitz
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Female Genital

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a procedure performed on women in developing countries and is underreported; it involves cutting or altering the female genitalia. The health consequences of FGM include bacterial and viral infections, obstetrical complications, and psychological problems. In this study, we report FGM societal importance, ramifications, classifications, cultural significance, prevalence, complications, implications, and treatment. Although efforts have been made to eradicate FGM, the dynamics that perpetuate the practice have societal roots. Intervention methods to promote change from within the community are necessary for successful eradication of the practice. For prevention, further studies are needed to develop programs that raise awareness.

scholarly journals The Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation on Psycho-Social Well-Being: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 104973232110018
Author(s):  
Sarah O’Neill ◽  
Christina Pallitto
Keyword(s):  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Female Genital

The health consequences of female genital mutilation (FGM) have been described previously; however, evidence of the social consequences is more intangible. To date, few systematic reviews have addressed the impact of the practice on psycho-social well-being, and there is limited understanding of what these consequences might consist. To complement knowledge on the known health consequences, this article systematically reviewed qualitative evidence of the psycho-social impact of FGM in countries where it is originally practiced (Africa, the Middle East, and Asia) and in countries of the diaspora. Twenty-three qualitative studies describing the psycho-social impact of FGM on women’s lives were selected after screening. This review provides a framework for understanding the less visible ways in which women and girls with FGM experience adverse effects that may affect their sense of identity, their self-esteem, and well-being as well as their participation in society.

scholarly journals Awareness of different forms of child abuse among Beni Suef University students: descriptive survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nermeen N. Welson ◽  
Yasmen A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
University Students ◽  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Physical Child Abuse ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Science College ◽  
Female Genital

Abstract Background Child abuse is a worldwide phenomenon that can cause intense long-term aftereffects. Aim To evaluate the awareness of Beni Suef University students about different forms of child abuse as well as the size, causes, and complications of this problem in our society and determine the prevalence of physical child abuse. Methods The study included 1688 students from health science and non-health science colleges of Beni Suef University, Egypt. The study participants were asked to answer a questionnaire of two parts. The first part included questions about demographic data and personal experience of child abuse, and the second part included questions about opinions of participants on child abuse to assess their awareness and if there was any difference in the level of awareness between students of health science colleges and those of non-health science colleges. Results Health science college students were more life satisfied and felt more loved. Only 28.91% of the included students were not exposed to child abuse, while 12.59% of them suffered from wounds or fractures as a result of the abuse they were exposed to. About one third of the students thought that the commonest form of child abuse is verbal punishment such as threatening or humiliation and that the age at the greatest risk for abuse was the primary school age. About 68.36% of students thought that sexual abuse is a huge problem in our society. Only 21.56% of students disapproved child corporal punishment. More than half of the students stated that the most dangerous complication of child abuse is psychological problems such as depression. Most of the included students would talk to the child’s parents and advise them if they saw a case of abuse, while the least would call the police. Only half of the students disapproved female genital mutilation (FGM). The strongest predictive factors for FGM approval were rural residence and male sex. Students mainly thought that FGM is a social habit that is carried out for ethical causes. About half of the students approved legal punishment by the court for FGM performers. Conclusion A significant proportion of the students experienced physical child abuse which left no injuries in most cases; males and first academic year students show more exposure to abuse. Moreover, most of the students think that child corporal punishment can be allowed although about half of them think that the most dangerous aftereffect of child abuse is psychological problems. Lack of reporting the exposure to child abuse is explained by the largest percentage of students to be due to lack of awareness. Rural resident males show more approval of female genital mutilation. A significant lack of awareness about FGM complications is observed in both groups (the health science and non-health science college groups) and the opinions of both groups are very close.

scholarly journals Health consequences of female genital mutilation/cutting in the Gambia, evidence into action

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Kaplan ◽  
Suiberto Hechavarría ◽  
Miguel Martín ◽  
Isabelle Bonhoure
Keyword(s):  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Female Genital

Health Consequences of the Female Genital Mutilation: A Systematic Review Running title: Health Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1336
Author(s):  
Khadijeh Sarayloo ◽  
Robab Latifnejad Roudsari ◽  
Amy Elhadi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Female Genital

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a general health concern. The World Health Organization has recognized it as a condition that endangers women’s health. This review study aimed to identify the types of health outcomes of FGM. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to create a critical view of the current evidence on the effect of circumcision on girls and women's health. In this study, we focused on the health risks of female circumcision. Academic databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, SID, IranMedex, Irandoc, and Magiran were searched with regard to the health consequences of FGM from January 1990 until 2018. Eleven review studies met the criteria and contained 288 relevant studies on the risks of FGM. It was suggested that FGM had various physical, obstetric, sexual, and psychological consequences. Women with FGM experienced mental disturbances (e.g., psychiatric diagnoses, anxiety, somatization, phobia, and low self-esteem) than other women. Our study can provide evidence on improving, changing behaviors, and making decisions on the quality of services offered to women suffering from FGM. [GMJ.2019;inpress:e1336]

scholarly journals Is female genital mutilation/cutting associated with adverse mental health consequences? A systematic review of the evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. e001553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma M Abdalla ◽  
Sandro Galea
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Female Genital

IntroductionThe adverse physical consequences of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) have been thoroughly investigated and documented. Yet, we know little about the adverse mental health consequences of the practice. To fill this research gap, we systematically reviewed studies that assessed any adverse mental health consequences related to FGM/C.MethodsWe searched four databases from inception to 21 December 2018. We then reviewed all titles and abstracts for relevant studies. We used the National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool to appraise the quality of each study and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to rate the risk of bias within studies.ResultsWe included 16 studies in this review; only six studies examined the association between FGM/C and adverse mental health outcomes as the sole research question. Among the included studies, 10 were conducted at the participants’ country of origin. The sample size of the populations studied ranged from 3 to 4800 participants. Only one study received a rating of ‘good’ methodological quality.Fourteen of the 16 studies reported an association between FGM/C and at least adverse mental health outcome. These included eight studies that reported a higher burden of adverse mental health outcomes among women who underwent FGM compared with women who did not undergo FGM/C. Four studies reported a correlation between the severity of FGM/C and the severity of adverse mental health outcomes.ConclusionThis systematic review documents an association between FGM/C and adverse mental health outcomes. Importantly, our review demonstrates the need for more rigorous research on the topic.

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