Revisiting Pāṇini’s generative power

2021 ◽  
pp. 361-380
Author(s):  
John Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Madadh Richey

The alphabet employed by the Phoenicians was the inheritor of a long tradition of alphabetic writing and was itself adapted for use throughout the Mediterranean basin by numerous populations speaking many languages. The present contribution traces the origins of the alphabet in Sinai and the Levant before discussing different alphabetic standardizations in Ugarit and Phoenician Tyre. The complex adaptation of the latter for representation of the Greek language is described in detail, then some brief attention is given to likely—Etruscan and other Italic alphabets—and possible (Iberian and Berber) descendants of the Phoenician alphabet. Finally, it is stressed that current research does not view the Phoenician and other alphabets as inherently simpler, more easily learned, or more democratic than other writing systems. The Phoenician alphabet remains, nevertheless, an impressive technological development worthy, especially by virtue of its generative power, of detailed study ranging from paleographic and orthographic specifications to social and political contextualization.


2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 2376-2386
Author(s):  
Alda Carvalho ◽  
Nuno Crato ◽  
Carla Gomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hervik

This afterword offers reflections on some major points of this section concerning the generative power linking moral outrage to political violence. The authors have successfully taken up a topic of immense relevance and urgency in contemporary society. Their efforts are a first important step to address this from an empirical, analytical, and theoretical framework. In the afterword, I seek to add further perspectives to some of the findings, including a focus on moral outrage that situates it not strictly within personality as a preexisting universal that waits for someone to wake it up but rather in an approach to emotions as embedded within cultural understandings with an emphasis on the strategic side of the production of moral outrage in creating both positive and negative change.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
Derek G. Handley ◽  
Victoria Gallagher ◽  
Danielle DeVasto ◽  
Mridula Mascarenhas ◽  
Rhana A. Gittens

Author(s):  
M. NIVAT ◽  
A. SAOUDI ◽  
K. G. SUBRAMANIAN ◽  
R. SIROMONEY ◽  
V. R. DARE

We introduce a new model for generating finite, digitized, connected pictures called puzzle grammars and study its generative power by comparison with array grammars. We note how this model generalizes the classical Chomskian grammars and study the effect of direction-independent rewriting rules. We prove that regular control does not increase the power of basic puzzle grammars. We show that for basic and context-free puzzle grammars, the membership problem is NP-complete and the emptiness problem is undecidable.


2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathuri Selvarajoo ◽  
Fong Wan Heng ◽  
Nor Haniza Sarmin ◽  
Sherzod Turaev

The concept of splicing system was first introduced by Head in 1987. This model has been introduced to investigate the recombinant behavior of DNA molecules. Splicing systems with finite sets of axioms only generate regular languages. Hence, different restrictions have been considered to increase the computational power up to the recursively enumerable languages. Recently, probabilistic splicing systems have been introduced where probabilities are initially associated with the axioms, and the probability of a generated string is computed by multiplying the probabilities of all occurrences of the initial strings in the computation of the string. In this paper, some properties of probabilistic semi-simple splicing systems, which are special types of probabilistic splicing systems, are investigated. We prove that probabilistic semi-simple splicing systems can also increase the generative power of the generated languages.


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