scholarly journals The Application of Acoustic Emission and Artificial Neural Networks in an Analysis of Kinetics in the Phase Transformation of Tool Steel During Austempering

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 603-609
Author(s):  
M. Łazarska ◽  
T.Z. Woźniak ◽  
Z. Ranachowski ◽  
P. Ranachowski ◽  
A. Trafarski
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Signal Spectrum ◽  
Plate Martensite ◽  
Medium Energy ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractDuring the course of the study it involved tool steel C105U was used. The steel was austempered at temperatures of 130°C, 160°C and 180°C respectively. Methods of acoustic emission (AE) were used to investigate the resulting effects associated with transformations and a large number of AE events were registered. Neural networks were applied to analyse these phenomena. In the tested signal, three groups of events were identified of: high, medium and low energy. The average spectral characteristics enabled the power of the signal spectrum to be determined. After completing the process, the results were compiled in the form of diagrams of the relationship of the AE incidence frequency as a function of time. Based on the results, it was found that in the austempering of tool steel, in the first stage of transformation midrib morphology is formed. Midrib is a twinned thin plate martensite. In the 2nd stage of transformation, the intensity of the generation of medium energy events indicates the occurrence of bainite initialised by martensite. The obtained graphic of AE characteristics of tool steel austempering allow conclusions to be drawn about the kinetics and the mechanism of this transformation.

INFLUENCE OF STRAIN AND SEX ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF PROTEIN TO ENERGY IN THE RATIONS OF GROWING AND FINISHING BACON PIGS

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Bowland ◽  
R. T. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Strain Interaction ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Rations varying in energy (65 to 79 per cent TDN or 69 to 88 per cent apparent digestible energy) and protein (13 to 21 per cent) were studied in two experiments with 120 pigs of four strains. Rate of liveweight gain tended to be fastest in pigs fed high energy-high protein rations throughout. Males gained more rapidly than females, with strain differences being evident. Strain × sex interactions in rate of gain were present in both the growing and finishing period, with a ration × strain interaction present in the growing period. There was an indication that in the growing period pigs on high energy, particularly high energy-high protein rations ate more than pigs fed low energy rations. In the finishing period low energy rations were consumed at a higher rate than high energy rations with protein level having no influence on feed intake. In the growing period to 110 pounds, high protein rations resulted in improved feed efficiency as compared to medium protein rations, while in the finishing period to market weight high energy rations were more efficient than low energy rations. There was evidence that high protein alone or in combination with high energy rations also improved efficiency of feed utilization in the finishing period. Female pigs required less feed per pound gain than male pigs in the finishing period. High energy rations resulted in increased dressing percentage and generally inferior carcasses. There was an indication that high protein rations resulted in leaner carcasses. Carcass length was not influenced by ration. Carcasses from female pigs excelled those from male pigs in all factors measured except carcass length. Strain differences in carcass characteristics existed but no appreciable strain × ration interactions were noted.

scholarly journals Spectral Indices: In-Season Dry Mass and Yield Relationship of Flue-Cured Tobacco under Different Planting Dates and Fertiliser Levels

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezekia Svotwa ◽  
J. Anxious Masuka ◽  
Barbara Maasdorp ◽  
Amon Murwira
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This experiment investigated the relationship between tobacco canopy spectral characteristics and tobacco biomass. A completely randomized design, with plantings on the 15th of September, October, November, and December, each with 9 variety × fertiliser management treatments, was used. Starting from 6 weeks after planting, reflectance measurements were taken from one row, using a multispectral radiometer. Individual plants from the other 3 rows were also measured, and the above ground whole plants were harvested and dried for reflectance/dry mass regression analysis. The central row was harvested, cured, and weighed. Both the maximum NDVI and mass at untying declined with later planting and so was the mass-NDVI coefficient of determination. The best fitting curves for the yield-NDVI correlations were quadratic. September reflectance values from the October crop reflectance were statistically similar (P>0.05), while those for the November and the December crops were significantly different (P<0.05) from the former two. Mass at untying and NDVI showed a quadratic relationship in all the three tested varieties. The optimum stage for collecting spectral data for tobacco yield estimation was the 8–12 weeks after planting. The results could be useful in accurate monitoring of crop development patterns for yield forecasting purposes.

scholarly journals Forward Versus Backward Walking: Transfer of Podokinetic Adaptation

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1666-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gammon M. Earhart ◽  
G. Melvill Jones ◽  
F. B. Horak ◽  
E. W. Block ◽  
K. D. Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Relative Rotation ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Backward Walking ◽  
Curved Trajectories ◽  
Left Limb ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Curved Paths ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

We asked whether podokinetic adaptation to walking on a circular treadmill transfers to different forms of locomotion. Subjects were blindfolded and asked to walk straight across the floor, in the forward and backward directions, following podokinetic (PK) stimulation that consisted of 30 min of forward walking-in-place on the perimeter of a disk rotating in the clockwise direction. During both forward and backward walking following forward-walking PK stimulation, subjects involuntarily walked along curved trajectories at angular velocities well above vestibular threshold, although they perceived that they were walking along straight paths. The curved paths of forward and backward walking were indistinguishable from one another. Transfer of PK adaptations acquired during forward walking on the turntable to backward walking trials suggests that the PK system controls general locomotor trajectory. Adaptation of the system thus influences forms of locomotion other than that used during acquisition of the adaptation. This transfer also supports the concept that forward and backward walking are controlled by neural networks that share common elements. An interesting feature of the transfer of PK adaptation is that for both forward and backward walking, subjects turned in a counterclockwise direction. As such, the direction of relative rotation between the trunk and feet was maintained for both forward and backward walking. However, the relationship of the lower extremities to the center of rotation was not preserved. The left limb was the inner leg during PK stimulation and forward walking after adaptation, but the left leg was the outer leg during backward walking. These results suggest that PK adaptation affects general locomotor trajectory via a remodeling of the rotational relationship between the trunk and the feet.

Identification of Grape Varieties

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-676
Author(s):  
A C Rice
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Response ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Concord Grape ◽  
Grape Juices ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract A series of grape juices and concentrates were diluted with Macllvaine’s buffer at pH levels ranging from 2 to 8 and analyzed spectrophotometrically. The relationship of various Concord and California grape juice samples from different geographical areas were characterized individually and in combination. The spectral characteristics of Concord and Salvador grape juice were found to be similar except at pH 7, where the Concord curve has two peaks (583 and 450 mμ) and the Salvador curve has only one. The anthocyanin components in Concord grape juice were studied chromatographically for an explanation of its unique spectral response at pH 7. Results are incomplete, and further study is recommended.

scholarly journals Classification of antimicrobial resistance using artificial neural networks and the relationship of 38 genes associated with the virulence of Escherichia coli isolates from broilers

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela T. Rocha ◽  
Felipe O. Salle ◽  
Gustavo Perdoncini ◽  
Silvio L.S. Rocha ◽  
Flávia B.B. Fortes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is responsible for various pathological processes in birds and is considered as one of the principal causes of morbidity and mortality, associated with economic losses to the poultry industry. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that it is possible to predict antimicrobial resistance of 256 samples (APEC) using 38 different genes responsible for virulence factors, through a computer program of artificial neural networks (ANNs). A second target was to find the relationship between (PI) pathogenicity index and resistance to 14 antibiotics by statistical analysis. The results showed that the RNAs were able to make the correct classification of the behavior of APEC samples with a range from 74.22 to 98.44%, and make it possible to predict antimicrobial resistance. The statistical analysis to assess the relationship between the pathogenic index (PI) and resistance against 14 antibiotics showed that these variables are independent, i.e. peaks in PI can happen without changing the antimicrobial resistance, or the opposite, changing the antimicrobial resistance without a change in PI.

Effects of the solar wind dynamic pressure on the accelerated cometary ions in the magnetosphere of comet 67P

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniko Timar ◽  
Zoltan Nemeth ◽  
Karoly Szego ◽  
Melinda Dósa ◽  
Balazs Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Spectrum ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Wind Pressure ◽  
Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Medium Energy ◽  
Solar Wind Pressure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Comet 67P

&lt;p&gt;Rosetta observed medium-energy ions around comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko while orbiting deep inside the coma. These ions are thought to be accelerated towards the anti-sunward direction by some acceleration mechanism in the outer regions of the cometary magnetosphere. They usually reach energies up to 100-1000 eV and undergo deceleration in the dense neutral coma surrounding the nucleus. These ions usually appear in the ion dynamic spectrum as a new population rising from the low energy background, their energy peaking around 1000 eV and then decreasing until the population disappears again. We investigated the properties of these ions, as well as the relationship between the solar wind pressure and the energy of the medium-energy ions to discover the cause of the observed time variation. We show that there is a correlation between the solar wind dynamic pressure around the comet and the energy of the accelerated ions.&lt;/p&gt;

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