Behavioral and biochemical investigations to explore the efficacy of quercetin and folacin in experimental diabetes induced vascular endothelium dysfunction and associated dementia in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Sharma ◽  
Khushboo Aggarwal ◽  
Rajendra Awasthi ◽  
Giriraj T. Kulkarni ◽  
Bhupesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Complex I ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Endothelium Dysfunction

Abstract Objectives Vascular dementia (VaD), being strongly associated with metabolic conditions is a major health concern around the world. Diabetes is a major risk factor for the development of VaD. This study investigates the efficacy of quercetin and folacin in diabetes induced vascular endothelium dysfunction and related dementia. Methods Single dose streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg i.p) was administered to albino Wistar rats (male, 200–250 g) by dissolving in citrate buffer. Morris water maze (MWM) and attentional set shifting tests were used to assess the spatial learning, memory, reversal learning, and executive functioning in animals. Body weight, serum glucose, serum nitrite/nitrate, vascular endothelial function, aortic superoxide anion, brains’ oxidative markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive species-TBARS, reduced glutathione-GSH, superoxide dismutase-SOD, and catalase-CAT), mitochondrial enzyme complex (I, II, and IV), inflammatory markers (interleukin-IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-TNF-α, and myeloperoxidase-MPO), and acetylcholinesterase activity-AChE were also assessed. Quercetin (30 mg kg−1/60 mg kg−1) and folacin (30 mg kg−1/60 mg kg−1) were used as the treatment drugs. Donepezil (0.5 mg kg−1) was used as a positive control. Results STZ administered rats showed reduction in learning, memory, reversal learning, executive functioning, impairment in endothelial function, increase in brains’ oxidative stress; inflammation; AChE activity, and decrease in mitochondrial complex (I, II, and IV) activity. Administration of quercetin and folacin in two different doses, significantly attenuated the STZ induced diabetes induced impairments in the behavioral, endothelial, and biochemical parameters. Conclusions STZ administration caused diabetes and VaD which was attenuated by the administration of quercetin and folacin. Therefore, these agents may be studied further for the assessment of their full potential in diabetes induced VaD conditions.

Plasma phospholipid transfer protein prevents vascular endothelium dysfunction by delivering α‐tocopherol to endothelial cells

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 883-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Desrumaux ◽  
Valérie Deckert ◽  
Anne Athias ◽  
David Masson ◽  
Gérard Lizard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Plasma Phospholipid ◽  
Phospholipid Transfer Protein ◽  
Endothelium Dysfunction ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
Phospholipid Transfer

scholarly journals Endothelial progenitor cells in pathogenesis of new coronaviral infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
N. A. Kuzubova ◽  
O. N. Titova ◽  
E. S. Lebedeva ◽  
E. V. Volchkova
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Damage Area ◽  
Endothelium Dysfunction ◽  
Pathogenic Factors ◽  
And Migration

Pulmonary vascular endothelium dysfunction is one of the main pathogenic factors responsible for many clinical manifestations of the severe course of COVID-19. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are the endogenous regenerative reserve that maintains the integrity of the vascular endothelium and its restoration in case of damage by pathogenic factors. A decrease in the circulating EPCs is regarded as a predictor of morbidity and mortality in conditions associated with development of endothelial dysfunction, including COVID-19. The exact phenotype of progenitor cells capable of differentiating into endothelial cells has not been determined. In most laboratories antigens CD133+, CD34+, VEGFR-2+ (CD 309) or combination of these are used to identify EPCs. The process of EPCs mobilization and migration is controlled by molecular signals from immune cells located in the damage area. Stromal cell factor 1 (SDF-1), produced by the bone marrow and many other tissues, is an important chemoattractant for EPCs which express its receptors. The results of studies carried out in 2020 indicate that SARS-Cov-2 infects both hematopoietic stem cells, transforming into EPCs, and directly circulating EPCs, causing inflammatory and procoagulant reactions that complicate the COVID-19 course. There is no consensus on the mechanism of EPCs infection with coronavirus – directly through the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor or through an ACE2-independent mechanism. Today there is no effective therapy for COVID-19. The use of the EPCs regenerative potential, and the search for ways to enhance the EPCs mobilization from the depot, and increase their functional activity may become a promising approach to the prevention of severe complications and mortality from COVID-19.

Sleep deprivation and endothelial function: reconciling seminal evidence with recent perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 320 (1) ◽  
pp. H29-H35
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Cherubini ◽  
Jem L. Cheng ◽  
Jennifer S. Williams ◽  
Maureen J. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Inadequate Sleep

Sleep is critical for the maintenance of physiological homeostasis and, as such, inadequate sleep beckons a myriad of pathologies. Sleep deprivation is a growing health concern in contemporary society since short sleep durations are associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk and atherosclerotic plaque development. Vascular endothelial dysfunction is an antecedent to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Herein, we review seminal literature indicating that short sleep durations attenuate endothelial function and explore more recent evidence indicating that sleep deprivation perturbs autonomic balance and the circadian rhythmicity of peripheral vascular clock components. We further examine literature that indicates a mechanistic link between short sleep duration and endothelial dysfunction and subsequent morbidity. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate endothelial function in the context of sleep deprivation facilitates the development and optimization of interventions, such as exercise, that mitigate the ramifications of inadequate sleep on vascular function and cardiovascular health. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/sleep-deprivation-and-endothelial-function/

scholarly journals Framing the tax and health nexus: a neglected aspect of public health concern

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mccoy ◽  
Simukai Chigudu ◽  
Taavi Tillmann
Keyword(s):  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Banking Secrecy ◽  
Shadow Economies ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Improve Health

AbstractPrevious studies have described various associations between tax policy and health. Here we propose a unifying conceptual framework of ‘Five R’s’ to stimulate awareness about the importance of tax to health improvement. First, tax can improverepresentationand democratic accountability, and help make governments more responsive to the needs of its citizens. Second, tax can create arevenuestream for a universal pool of public finance for health care and other public services. Third, progressive taxation when combined with appropriate public spending can helpredistributewealth and income and mitigate social and health inequalities. Fourth, there-pricingof harmful products (e.g. tobacco, alcohol and unhealthy food) can help reduce their consumption. Fifth, taxation provides a route by which certain harmful industries can beregulated. The paper also discusses the barriers that hinder the full potential for taxation to be used to improve health, including: weak tax administrations, large ‘shadow economies’, international trade liberalisation, tax avoidance, transfer pricing by transnational corporations and banking secrecy. We suggest that a greater awareness of the manifold associations between tax and health will encourage health practitioners to actively promote fairer and better taxation, thereby helping to improve health and reduce health inequalities.

scholarly journals P66Shc and vascular endothelial function

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Endothelial Functions ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Oxidative Function

Abstract Dysfunctional endothelium is an early change in vasculature known to be associated with atherosclerosis. Among many regulators of vascular endothelial function, p66Shc has consistently been shown to mediate endothelial dysfunction. Over more than three decades of active research in the field of the physiological function of p66Shc, regulation of vascular endothelial functions has emerged as one of the most robust effects in a broad range of pathological conditions including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and aging. A significant understanding has been developed with respect to the molecular signaling regulating the oxidative function of p66Shc in endothelial cells and its targets and regulators. In addition, novel regulatory modifications of p66Shc controlling its oxidative function, subcellular distribution, and stability have also been reported. This review will focus on summarizing the molecular signaling regulating the oxidative function of p66Shc and its role in vascular endothelium.

Implication of protein tyrosine phophatase in vascular endothelium dysfunction

2017 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. e133
Author(s):  
Saurabh Sharma ◽  
Manjeet Singh ◽  
Pyare Lal Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Protein Tyrosine ◽  
Endothelium Dysfunction

Prevention of LDL α-tocopherol consumption, cholesterol oxidation, and vascular endothelium dysfunction by polyphenolic compounds from red wine

2002 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Deckert ◽  
Catherine Desrumaux ◽  
Anne Athias ◽  
Linda Duverneuil ◽  
Viviane Palleau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Cholesterol Oxidation ◽  
Endothelium Dysfunction

Modulation of Endothelium by Heparin and Related Polyelectrolytes

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawed Fareed ◽  
Walter Jeske ◽  
Demetra Callas ◽  
Debra Hoppensteadt ◽  
Jeanine Walenga
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Flowing Blood

The vascular endothelium is an important me diator of the hemostatic balance. In addition to shielding subendothelial tissue factor from flowing blood, endothe lial cells produce a number of substances which favor an antithrombotic state including TFPI and tPA. The ability of polyelectrolytes such as heparin and defibrotide to modulate endothelial function is examined using animal models and human studies. Like heparin, defibrotide is observed to increase plasma TFPI antigen levels. Addi tionally, defibrotide administration is observed to in crease plasma tPa antigen levels and to decrease PAI, TF and endothelin levels. Modulation of endothelial function by defibrotide may account for its beneficial effect in PAOD.

scholarly journals Socio-Demographic and Environmental Determinants of Adverse Childhood Experience among School-Going Adolescents in Jimma town, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Mekonnen Tsehay ◽  
Mogesie Necho ◽  
Asmare Belete ◽  
Zelalem Belayneh
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experience ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Childhood Experience ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood

Introduction: Adverse childhood experience in adolescents is a global public health concern. Several risk factors have been identified so far across different parts of the world. However, there is a paucity of data in Ethiopia. Objective: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of Adverse Childhood Experience among school-going adolescents retrospectively. Methods: A cross-sectional school-based study was employed. Participants were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire Scale for childhood maltreatment. Multiple linear regressions were used to determine the association between Adverse Childhood Experience & associated factors. Results: A total of 546 adolescents participated in the study with a response rate of 86%. The mean (±SD) age of participants was 16.83 ± 1.26 years. The majority (442 (81%)) were studying in public schools and 104 (19%) in private schools. Results show that 51.1% reported at least one, and respondents most often faced two ACEs (29.4%), and as many as 10.4% reported at least four or more ACEs. According to the three categories of adverse childhood experience (ACE), from 329 female adolescents, 144(43.8%) had been abused physically, verbally, or sexually, 65(17.8%) had been neglected, and 169(51.1%) had been household dysfunctional. And also, from 217 male adolescents, 93(42.9%) had been abused physically, verbally, or sexually, 49(22%) had neglected, and 117(53.9%) had household dysfunction. Gender, social support, residence, educational status of parent, and having one or more chronic medical, mental, or neurological disorders were significantly associated with Adverse Childhood Experiences. Conclusion: Results of the study show that there was a significant prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences. Adverse Childhood Experiences have a tremendous impact on future health, well-being, and opportunity. Reduction and prevention of Adverse Childhood Experiences are mandatory for all children to reach their full potential. Those who are already exposed to Adverse Childhood Experiences also need social support, help them manage their experiences, and lead meaningful lives.

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