Effect of Morus alba root bark extract on gene-level expression of inflammatory markers in rats subjected to ethanol and cerulein induced pancreatitis– influence of heat shock protein 70

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavitha Yuvaraj ◽  
Arumugam Geetha
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Nf Kappa B ◽  
Serum Lipase ◽  
Hsp70 Mrna ◽  
Caspase 1

Abstract Background Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a persistent inflammation of the pancreas clinically presented with severe abdominal pain, progressive fibrosis, and loss of exocrine and endocrine functions. Inflammasomes, cytosolic multiprotein complexes which regulate the formation of proinflammatory cytokines, are influenced by various factors including heat shock proteins (HSPs). Morus alba L., or white mulberry root bark is a valued traditional Asian medicine with a diverse array of phytochemicals. The aim of this investigation was to define the modulatory action of methanolic extract of Morus alba root bark (MEMARB) on NLRP3 inflammasome, and HSPs in pancreas subjected to inflammatory insult. Methods Pancreatitis was induced in male albino Wistar rats by ethanol (0–36%) and cerulein (20 µg/kg b.wt., i.p.) for 5 weeks with or without MEMARB administration. Serum lipase/amylase (L/A) ratio, oxidative stress index (OSI) and reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio in the pancreas were evaluated. Levels of serum HSP70 was quantified by ELISA. NF-kappa B, NLRP3-ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and HSP70 gene expression was quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results L/A ratio and oxidative stress determined in terms of OSI and GSH/GSSG ratio were elevated in pancreatitis-induced rats. The levels were restored in MEMARB co-administered animals. Serum level of HSP70 was increased in pancreatitis-induced animals and dropped significantly in MEMARB co-administrated rats. Pancreatitis-induced group showed increased expression of NF-kappa B, IL-1β, IL-18, caspase-1, NLRP3-ASC and HSP70 mRNA than in MEMARB treated group. Conclusions It can be concluded that the M. alba root extract modulates the expression of HSP70 and NLRP3-ASC which might be attributed to its pancreato-protective effect.

scholarly journals Vascular Protection by Ethanol Extract of Morus alba Root Bark: Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation of Rat Aorta and Decrease of Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Proliferation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Panth ◽  
Keshav Raj Paudel ◽  
Dal-Seong Gong ◽  
Min-Ho Oak
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Natural Medicine ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

Morus alba (white mulberry) is native to the northern part of Korea and popularly used as a traditional medicine due to its numerous health benefits against human’s disease. However, the possibility that M. alba may also affect the cardiovascular system remains unexplored. This study sought to investigate the vascular protective effects of the root bark extract of M. alba (MAE). Vascular reactivity was performed in organ baths using isolated rat thoracic aorta, while platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were studied by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) and wound healing assay, respectively. MAE evoked a concentration dependent vasorelaxation following endothelium-dependent pathway. However, vessel relaxations in response to MAE were markedly reduced after endothelium removal; treatment of endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, and nonspecific potassium channel inhibitor, however, was not altered by cyclooxygenase inhibitor. Furthermore, MAE also significantly blunted contractile response to vasoconstrictor agent, phenylephrine. Taken together, the current evidence revealed that MAE is a potent endothelium-dependent vasodilator and this effect was involved in, at least in part, nitric oxide cyclic-guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) pathway in combination with potassium (K+) channel activation. Moreover, MAE inhibited proliferation and migration of VSMCs induced by PDGF. Therefore, MAE could be a promising candidate of natural medicine for preventing and controlling cardiovascular diseases linked with endothelial dysfunction.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo evaluation of antibacterial activity of Bridelia ferruginea extracts on some clinical isolates

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-398
Author(s):  
B.T Yunana ◽  
◽  
B. B Bukar ◽  
J. C Aguiyi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Bridelia Ferruginea

The ethanol extracts of root, bark and leaf of Bridelia ferruginea was investigated for antibacterial activity against clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The extracts had significant antibacterial activity in vitro at concentration of 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml and in vivo at dose of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. The root extract in vitro had the highest zone of inhibition, followed by the bark extract for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The concentration of 200 mg/ml had the highest zone of inhibition in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) showed a decreasing inhibitory effect of the plant extracts for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as the concentration decreases with root having 3.125 mg/ml, bark having 6.25 mg/ml and leaf having 25 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Likewise, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) showed decreasing bactericide effects with decrease concentration with root having 12.5 mg/ml, bark having 12.5 mg/ml and leaf having 25 mg/ml for Escherichia coli while root had 6.25mg/ml, bark had 12.5mg/ml and leaf had 25mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus. The in vivo investigation showed that the root and bark extract exhibited antibacterial activity on both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at doses of 100mg/kg and 50mg/kg; the root extract had higher activity than the bark and root/bark combined. The dose of 100 mg/kg had the highest colonies reduction for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vivo. Preliminary phytochemical screening of root, bark and leaves of Bridelia ferruginea revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, cardiac glycoside (root, bark and leaves), saponins (root and bark). The presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoid, cardiac glycoside and carbohydrate in the bark and root extracts of the plant indicates that the bark and root extracts were pharmacological importance

Hypoglycemic effect of Egyptian Morus alba root bark extract: Effect on diabetes and lipid peroxidation of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel Nasser B. Singab ◽  
Hesham A. El-Beshbishy ◽  
Makiko Yonekawa ◽  
Taro Nomura ◽  
Toshio Fukai
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Hypoglycemic Effect ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Bark

In vitro antioxidant and anti-arthritic effect of the aqueous and ethanolic leaf and root bark extract of Alafia barteri

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Ikeoluwapo Olanike Kolawole ◽  
◽  
Osareti Albert Taiwo Ebuehi ◽  
Esther Ayomide Awoyera ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Eye Infections ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Alafia barteri (Apocynaceae) is a climbing shrub having white or pink flowers. Traditionally, it has been used to treat diseases like malaria, sickle cell anemia, and eye infections. This research is focused on investigating the antioxidant and anti-arthritic activities of the aqueous and ethanol leaf and root extract of Alafia barteri plant in vitro. In-vitro antioxidant methods used were 2, 2 -diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, reducing power activity and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay while the anti-arthritic activity was studied using the assay method of protein denaturation. Results revealed that aqueous and ethanol root extracts scavenge free radicals, thus inhibiting damage caused by oxidative stress in arthritis while the ethanol extracts of both the leaf and roots had good anti-arthritic activities as seen in its ability to decrease protein denaturation.

scholarly journals The Triterpene Constituents of the Root Bark of a Hybrid between Morus alba L. and M. rotundiloba Koidz. and its Antityrosinase Activities

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0700200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisakarn Pianwijanpong ◽  
Narongchai Pongpan ◽  
Leena Suntornsuk ◽  
Omboon Luanratana
Keyword(s):  
Betulinic Acid ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Linear Coefficient ◽  
Spectroscopic Analyses

Mulberry plants have various traditional uses in Thailand, China, Korea and Vietnam. Recently, the root bark of Morus alba L. is used as whitening ingredient in various skin preparations. This paper describes the isolation of two triterpenes from the root bark of a 5 years old hybrid between M. alba L. and M. rotundiloba Koidz., a mulberry sericulture NM60 which is widely grown in Thailand for tea and silk industries. Pentacyclic triterpenes, α-amyrin acetate and betulinic acid, were isolated and identified, their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. The antityrosinase activities were tested having the IC50 values of 1.57 mM and 0.50 mM respectively. A validated HPLC technique for betulinic acid was also reported. Linear regression analysis of betulinic acid fell within the range of 61.25-409.15 μg/mL with a linear coefficient of 0.9992. The percentage of recovery is in accordance with that specified by the USP. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 14.7 and 61.25 μg/mL, respectively. The analysis of the crude methanolic extract revealed 0.14% w/w betulinic acid in the root bark. These findings promote the use of the root bark extract of Thai mulberry hybrid in whitening cosmetics using betulinic acid as a marker and promote further study for the development of antimelanoma agent.

scholarly journals Characterization of Hippocampal Histomorphology Following R. vomitoria Root Extract Treatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Moses B. Ekong ◽  
Ubong Ekpene ◽  
Agnes A. Nwakanma ◽  
Christopher C. Mbadugha
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Deep Anaesthesia

Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzel. is an antipsychotic plant used by several African communities in the management of psychiatric conditions with good outcomes. Concerns about its dosages on brain activity lead to this investigation of its action on the hippocampal microstructure. Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats of average weight 200 g, were assigned into four groups (n = 6): control; 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg body weight of RV root bark extract, respectively. The administration was once daily, and orally for seven days. Daily observation of the animals was done till on day eight when they were sacrificed after deep anaesthesia. Each brain was processed for histology and immunohistochemical studies. Animals in the 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg RV groups appeared generally dull and drowsy, and barely fed. Their hippocampal histology showed neuronal atrophy and karyorrhexis, with no difference in cell count, although the pyramidal cell numbers decreased in the 300 and 400 mg/kg RV groups. Neuron-specific enolase decreased in the 400 mg/kg RV group, while neurofilament decreased in all test groups. Glial fibrillary acidic protein expression and density increased in the 200 and 300 mg/kg RV groups, but not the 400 mg/kg RV group, all compared with the control group. The given doses of RV root bark extract in adult Wistar rats showed sedative activities with hippocampal histopathological changes, which may not be reversible, thereby leading to the hippocampal functional deficit.

scholarly journals Uji efek antibakteri ekstrak batang akar kuning (Arcangelisia flava Merr.) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angga Dehes Kaharap ◽  
Christy Mambo ◽  
Edward Nangoy
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Modified Technique

Abstract: Indonesia has a high diversity of flora and fauna in the world. Many types of plants can be used as a medicinal plant; one of them is yellow root (Arcengelisia flava Merr.) which has been known empirically by the Dayak community in Central Kalimantan as natural herbs to treat jaundice. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial effect of the yellow root bark extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This study was conducted in the Laboratory of Pharmacology and the Laboratory of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine University of Sam Ratulangi. This was an experimental laboratory study using the Kirby-Bauer modified technique. Yellow root bark extract was obtained from maceration process using ethanol 96%. The antibacterial effect was tested by using the well diffusion method. The results showed that distilled water, the negative control, did not generate inhibition zone around the wells. Ciprofloxacin, the positive control, had the greatest diameter of inhibitory zone. The average diameter of inhibition zone generated by ciprofloxacin was 39.23 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 40.95 mm against Escherichia coli. Meanwhile, yellow root extract generated an average diameter inhibition zone of 12.27 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 14.44 mm against Escherichia coli. Conclusion: Yellow root bark extract potentially had antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Keywords: antibacterial, yellow root bark, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli. Abstrak: Indonesia memiliki keberagaman flora dan fauna yang tinggi di dunia. Banyak jenis tanaman yang dapat dijadikan sebagai tanaman obat, salah satunya akar kuning (Arcangelisia flava Merr.) yang telah lama dikenal secara empiris oleh masyarakat dayak di Kalimantan Tengah sebagai tanaman herbal alami untuk mengobati penyakit kuning. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antibakteri dari ekstrak batang akar kuning terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli dan dilakukan di Laboratorium Farmakologi, dan Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Jenis penelitian ini eksperimental laboratorium dengan metode modifikasi Kirby-Bauer. Uji efek antibakteri menggunakan metode sumuran. Esktrak batang akar kuning diperoleh dari proses maserasi dengan etanol 96%. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan akuades sebagai kontrol negatif tidak menimbulkan zona hambat di sekitar sumur. Siprofloksasin sebagai kontrol positif memiliki diameter zona hambat yang paling besar. Rerata diameter zona hambat yang dihasilkan oleh siprofloksasin 39,23 mm terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan 40,95 mm terhadap Escherichia coli. Ekstrak akar kuning menghasilkan rerata diameter zona hambat sebesar 12,27 mm terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan 14,44 mm terhadap Escherichia coli. Simpulan: Ekstrak batang akar kuning berpotensi memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Kata kunci: antibakteri, ekstrak akar kuning, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli

scholarly journals Morus alba Prevented the Cyclophosphamide Induced Somatic and Germinal Cell Damage in Male Rats by Ameliorating the Antioxidant Enzyme Levels

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1266
Author(s):  
Abhijit Ghosh ◽  
Syed Imam Rabbani ◽  
Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq ◽  
Yahya Mohzari ◽  
Ahmed Alrashed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Damage ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Germinal Cell ◽  
Nuclear Damage

Cytogenetic analysis is essential to determine the effect of mutagens and antimutagens on genetic material. This study was done to evaluate the protective effect of root bark extract of Morus alba (M. alba) against cyclophosphamide induced somatic and germinal cell damage in male rats. The ethanolic extract of M. alba (0.25, 0.5 and 1 g/kg, 2 weeks) was evaluated against cyclophosphamide (75 mg/kg, single dose) induced nuclear damage. The sampling was done after 48 h of the clastogen treatment. The somatic and germinal nuclear damage was studied by bone marrow micronucleus and sperm analysis, respectively. Serum superoxide and catalase levels were estimated to determine the antioxidant status in each group. The results were analyzed statistically to find the significant variation. The administration of M. alba for 2 weeks suppressed dose-dependently the changes induced by cyclophosphamide. M. alba (0.5 g/kg) decreased the frequency of micronucleated erythrocyte, sperm shape abnormality and enhanced the sperm count, sperm motility and polychromatic-normochromatic erythrocytes ratio significantly (p < 0.05) in comparison with the cyclophosphamide treated group. The highest tested dose of M. alba (1 g/kg) produced more prominent suppression (p < 0.01) in the cyclophosphamide-induced somatic and germinal cell defects. The results also showed significant (p < 0.05) improvement in the serum antioxidant enzymes levels with M. alba when compared with the challenge group. The lower dose of M. alba extract (0.25 g/kg) prevented the CP-induced changes but was found to be statistically insignificant. Therefore, antimutagenic potential of the high dose of the extract of M. alba is possibly due to its antioxidant nature. The ability of the M. alba extract to prevent the nuclear damage could play an important role in overcoming several mutational defects that are associated with anticancer chemotherapy.

Effect of administration of methanol root bark extract of Cussonia arborea on serum lipid profile and oxidative biomarker parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Emeka Aba ◽  
Isaac Uzoma Asuzu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

This study investigated the effects of methanol extract of Cussonia arborea on serum lipid and oxidative stress biomarkers of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. A total of 72 male albino rats assigned into 6 groups of 12 rats per group were used. Groups 1-5 were made diabetic while group 6 were normal. Groups 1-4 were treated with 62.5, 125, 250 mg/kg of the extract and 2 mg/kg glibenclamide respectively while groups 5 and 6 received 10 ml/kg distilled water each. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), malondiadehyde, catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were assayed on days 28, 56 and 84 post treatment. The results indicated that the extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, malondialdehyde but significantly (p<0.05) increased the activities of SOD, catalase and the levels of HDL when compared to negative control. It was therefore concluded that methanol extract of C. arborea mitigated dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress.

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