Biological and medicinal application of Cucumis sativus Linn. – review of current status with future possibilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anayatullah Khan ◽  
Anuradha Mishra ◽  
Syed Misbahul Hasan ◽  
Afreen Usmani ◽  
Mohd Ubaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Whole Plants

Abstract Objectives The increasing demand for herbal drugs for the human application is causing a growing demand for the cultivation of Medicinal Plants. This demand has developed because of cost-effective, plant-derived products rather than commercially available synthetic drugs. Cucumis sativus Linn. (Ver. Kheera) is a vegetable climber, species belongs to family Cucurbitaceae This species has a wide range of medicinal and biological applications thanks to its richness in carbohydrate, proteins, minerals (calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc) and secondary metabolites like alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and phenolic compounds These phytoconstituents may be responsible for allied therapeutic application. So, C. sativus possess wider applications for preventing certain ailments. Content The literature in various national and international journals and reports pertaining to the medicinal and nutritional uses were reviewed. The result revealed the current therapeutic applications of C. sativus whole plants other than the nutritional value. C. sativus pharmacological action includes antioxidant, anti-diabetic, UV protectant, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, anti-helminthic, wound healing, antimicrobial, and anticancer. So, it could be useful for both preventive and additive therapy along with modern medicine for the better management of certain disorders. Summary and Outlook This review furnishes updated information about the phytoconstituents and their medicinal applications so that it can pose a path for the young researchers to do future findings.

scholarly journals Genetic Circuits Combined with Machine Learning Provides Fast Responding Living Sensors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behide Saltepe ◽  
Eray Ulaş Bozkurt ◽  
Murat Alp Güngen ◽  
A. Ercüment Çiçek ◽  
Urartu Özgür Şafak Şeker
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Genetic Circuit ◽  
Analyte Concentration ◽  
Genetic Circuits ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Biomedical Diagnostics ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
Increasing Demand

AbstractWhole cell biosensors (WCBs) have become prominent in many fields from environmental analysis to biomedical diagnostics thanks to advanced genetic circuit design principles. Despite increasing demand on cost effective and easy-to-use assessment methods, a considerable amount of WCBs retains certain drawbacks such as long response time, low precision and accuracy. Furthermore, the output signal level does not correspond to a specific analyte concentration value but shows comparative quantification. Here, we utilized a neural network-based architecture to improve the aforementioned features of WCBs and engineered a gold sensing WCB which has a long response time (18 h). Two Long-Short Term-Memory (LSTM)-based networks were integrated to assess both ON/OFF and concentration dependent states of the sensor output, respectively. We demonstrated that binary (ON/OFF) network was able to distinguish between ON/OFF states as early as 30 min with 78% accuracy and over 98% in 3 h. Furthermore, when analyzed in analog manner, we demonstrated that network can classify the raw fluorescence data into pre-defined analyte concentration groups with high precision (82%) in 3 h. This approach can be applied to a wide range of WCBs and improve rapidness, simplicity and accuracy which are the main challenges in synthetic biology enabled biosensing.

scholarly journals Use of Aquatic Biota to Detect Ecological Changes in Freshwater: Current Status and Future Directions

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1611
Author(s):  
José Maria Santos ◽  
Maria Teresa Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Indicator Systems ◽  
Freshwater Monitoring

Freshwater ecosystems have been severely damaged worldwide by a multitude of human pressures, such as pollution, nutrient enrichment, damming or overexploitation, and this has been more intense over the past five decades. It is therefore important that the impacts of such stressors can be effectively detected, monitored and assessed in order to provide adequate legislative tools and to protect and restore freshwater ecosystems. The use of aquatic biota to detect, measure and track changes in the environment is often known as freshwater biomonitoring and is based on the premise that the presence or absence of biotic assemblages at a given site reflects its degree of environmental quality. For over a century, since the early pollution-oriented indicators, freshwater monitoring has been developing and testing progressively more complex indicator systems, and increasing the plethora of pressures addressed, using different biological groups, such as benthic macroinvertebrates, macrophytes, fish, phytoplankton and phytobenthos. There is an increasing demand for precision and accuracy in bioassessment. In this Special Issue, five high-quality papers were selected and are briefly presented herein, that cover a wide range of issues and spatial contexts relevant to freshwater biomonitoring.

scholarly journals REVIEW OF THE CURRENT STATUS OF STUDY OXYTROPIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Amirkhanova A Sh ◽  
Ustenova G O
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Active Substances

 The use of plants for medical purposes has been known since ancient times, and despite progress in the synthesis of medicinal products, herbal remedies continue to occupy a significant place in modern medicine. As promising sources of biologically active substances of natural origin, attention is attracted by representatives of the domestic flora from the family Fabaceae. The article gives an analysis of the current state of the study of the genus of Oxytropis and shows the prospects for their comprehensive study. Work in the herbarium fund of the Institute with a collection of species of Oxytropis glabra Lam. DC. allowed to identify the presence of at least 10 herbarium sheets. While analyzing the internet sources, we collected materials on the genus and species of Oxytropis which have been investigated for many years. When analyzing internet resources, it was established that the widely used traditional Tibetan, Chinese, Mongolian, and Buryat medicine should include representatives of the genus Oxytropis (DC.) of the family Fabaceae (L.).We have studied the species of the Oxytropis and compiled a table on their chemical composition and pharmacological action.

scholarly journals Biological activity of the derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole

2018 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
T. V. Kravchenko ◽  
O. I. Panasenko ◽  
E. G. Knysh
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Heterocyclic Ring ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Derivatives Of

The rapid development of modern medicine and pharmacy leads to an increase in synthetic drugs. Thus, in the professional literature says that one of the perspective directions are searching for new biologically active compounds including heterocyclic systems and the introduction of the latest in medical, pharmaceutical or veterinary practice. It is known that heterocyclic ring system 1,2,4-triazole moiety is promising for the synthesis of new active ingredients with various kinds of pharmacological actions. The aim of the study was the analysis of literature and patent sources over the past 10 years and the generalization of the results for certain types of biological activity of 1,2,4-triazole. Results of literary analysis show a wide range of biological activity of 1,2,4-triazole-3-tion. The data determine the relevance of further research of derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole in the actoprotective, antimicrobial, antifungal, antihypoxic, hypoglycemic, analgesic, antiinflammatory and others activity in order to find new highly effective in terms of biological substances that can form the basis of new medicines.

2D Color-Intensity Representation of Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge Measurements

2020 ◽  
pp. 1192-1198
Author(s):  
M.S. Mohammad ◽  
Tibebe Tesfaye ◽  
Kim Ki-Seong
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thickness Gauge ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Digital Readout ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Ultrasonic Thickness

Ultrasonic thickness gauges are easy to operate and reliable, and can be used to measure a wide range of thicknesses and inspect all engineering materials. Supplementing the simple ultrasonic thickness gauges that present results in either a digital readout or as an A-scan with systems that enable correlating the measured values to their positions on the inspected surface to produce a two-dimensional (2D) thickness representation can extend their benefits and provide a cost-effective alternative to expensive advanced C-scan machines. In previous work, the authors introduced a system for the positioning and mapping of the values measured by the ultrasonic thickness gauges and flaw detectors (Tesfaye et al. 2019). The system is an alternative to the systems that use mechanical scanners, encoders, and sophisticated UT machines. It used a camera to record the probe’s movement and a projected laser grid obtained by a laser pattern generator to locate the probe on the inspected surface. In this paper, a novel system is proposed to be applied to flat surfaces, in addition to overcoming the other limitations posed due to the use of the laser projection. The proposed system uses two video cameras, one to monitor the probe’s movement on the inspected surface and the other to capture the corresponding digital readout of the thickness gauge. The acquired images of the probe’s position and thickness gauge readout are processed to plot the measured data in a 2D color-coded map. The system is meant to be simpler and more effective than the previous development.

Rheumatoid Arthritis: History, Stages, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Fauzi Al-Rubaye ◽  
Mohanad Jawad Kadhim ◽  
Imad Hadi Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Relieve Pain ◽  
Medicinal Treatment ◽  
Natural Drugs

The pharmacological mechanisms of the medicinal plants traditionally used for RA in Persian medicine are discussed in the current review. Further investigations are mandatory to focus on bioefficacy of these phytochemicals for finding novel natural drugs. Rheumatoid arthritis is chronic, progressive, disabling autoimmune disease characterized by systemic inflammation of joints, damaging cartilage and bone around the joints. It is a systemic disease which means that it can affect the whole body and internal organs such as lungs, heart and eyes. Although numbers of synthetic drugs are being used as standard treatment for rheumatoid arthritis but they have adverse effect that can compromise the therapeutic treatment. Unfortunately, there is still no effective known medicinal treatment that cures rheumatoid arthritis as the modern medicine can only treat the symptoms of this disease that means to relieve pain and inflammation of joints. It is possible to use the herbs and plants in various forms in order to relieve the pain and inflammation in the joints. There are so many medicinal plants that have shown anti rheumatoid arthritis properties. So the plants and plant product with significant advantages are used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The present review is focused on the medicinal plants having anti rheumatoid arthritis activity

Current Status and Future Perspective for Research on Medicinal Plants with Anticancerous Activity and Minimum Cytotoxic Value

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1227-1243
Author(s):  
Hina Qamar ◽  
Sumbul Rehman ◽  
D.K. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Wide Range

Cancer is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy enhance the survival rate of cancerous patients but they have several acute toxic effects. Therefore, there is a need to search for new anticancer agents having better efficacy and lesser side effects. In this regard, herbal treatment is found to be a safe method for treating and preventing cancer. Here, an attempt has been made to screen some less explored medicinal plants like Ammania baccifera, Asclepias curassavica, Azadarichta indica, Butea monosperma, Croton tiglium, Hedera nepalensis, Jatropha curcas, Momordica charantia, Moringa oleifera, Psidium guajava, etc. having potent anticancer activity with minimum cytotoxic value (IC50 >3μM) and lesser or negligible toxicity. They are rich in active phytochemicals with a wide range of drug targets. In this study, these medicinal plants were evaluated for dose-dependent cytotoxicological studies via in vitro MTT assay and in vivo tumor models along with some more plants which are reported to have IC50 value in the range of 0.019-0.528 mg/ml. The findings indicate that these plants inhibit tumor growth by their antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic molecular targets. They are widely used because of their easy availability, affordable price and having no or sometimes minimal side effects. This review provides a baseline for the discovery of anticancer drugs from medicinal plants having minimum cytotoxic value with minimal side effects and establishment of their analogues for the welfare of mankind.

Pharmaceutical Co-Crystals - Design, Development and Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-184
Author(s):  
Rachna Anand ◽  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Arun Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Drug Molecule ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Major Factors

Background: Solubility and dissolution profile are the major factors which directly affect the biological activity of a drug and these factors are governed by the physicochemical properties of the drug. Crystal engineering is a newer and promising approach to improve physicochemical characteristics of a drug without any change in its pharmacological action through a selection of a wide range of easily available crystal formers. Objective: The goal of this review is to summarize the importance of crystal engineering in improving the physicochemical properties of a drug, methods of design, development, and applications of cocrystals along with future trends in research of pharmaceutical co-crystals. Co-crystallization can also be carried out for the molecules which lack ionizable functional groups, unlike salts which require ionizable groups. Conclusion: Co-crystals is an interesting and promising research area amongst pharmaceutical scientists to fine-tune the physicochemical properties of drug materials. Co-crystallization can be a tool to increase the lifecycle of an older drug molecule. Crystal engineering carries the potential of being an advantageous technique than any other approach used in the pharmaceutical industry. Crystal engineering offers a plethora of biopharmaceutical and physicochemical enhancements to a drug molecule without the need of any pharmacological change in the drug.

The Future of Plasma-Based Surface Engineering Techniques in Tribology (Keynote)

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Matthews ◽  
Adrian Leyland
Keyword(s):  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Macro Scale

Over the past twenty years or so, there have been major steps forward both in the understanding of tribological mechanisms and in the development of new coating and treatment techniques to better “engineer” surfaces to achieve reductions in wear and friction. Particularly in the coatings tribology field, improved techniques and theories which enable us to study and understand the mechanisms occurring at the “nano”, “micro” and “macro” scale have allowed considerable progress to be made in (for example) understanding contact mechanisms and the influence of “third bodies” [1–5]. Over the same period, we have seen the emergence of the discipline which we now call “Surface Engineering”, by which, ideally, a bulk material (the ‘substrate’) and a coating are combined in a way that provides a cost-effective performance enhancement of which neither would be capable without the presence of the other. It is probably fair to say that the emergence and recognition of Surface Engineering as a field in its own right has been driven largely by the availability of “plasma”-based coating and treatment processes, which can provide surface properties which were previously unachievable. In particular, plasma-assisted (PA) physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques, allowing wear-resistant ceramic thin films such as titanium nitride (TiN) to be deposited on a wide range of industrial tooling, gave a step-change in industrial productivity and manufactured product quality, and caught the attention of engineers due to the remarkable cost savings and performance improvements obtained. Subsequently, so-called 2nd- and 3rd-generation ceramic coatings (with multilayered or nanocomposite structures) have recently been developed [6–9], to further extend tool performance — the objective typically being to increase coating hardness further, or extend hardness capabilities to higher temperatures.

scholarly journals Current status of vascular access in Japan—from Dialysis Access Symposium 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Mizuya Fukasawa
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Access ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Chronic Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Dialysis Access ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Survival Prognosis ◽  
Access Methods ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Wide Range

At the second Dialysis Access Symposium held in Nagoya, Japan, a proposal was made to investigate the differences in vascular access methods used in different countries. In this article, we describe the management of vascular access in Japan. The Japanese population is rapidly aging, and the proportion of elderly patients on dialysis is also increasing. There were 325,000 dialysis patients in Japan at the end of 2015, of whom 65.1% were aged 65 years or above. The number of patients with diabetic nephropathy or nephrosclerosis as the underlying condition is also increasing, whereas the number with chronic glomerulonephritis is steadily decreasing. The Japanese health insurance system enables patients to undergo medical treatment at almost no out-of-pocket cost. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty suffers from a severe device lag compared with other countries, but although there are limitations on permitted devices, the use of those that have been authorized is covered by medical insurance. One important point that is unique to Japan is that vascular access is performed and managed by doctors involved in dialysis across a wide range of disciplines, including nephrologists, surgeons, and urologists. This may be one factor contributing to the good survival prognosis of Japanese dialysis patients.

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