First photographic record of albinism in Baiomys taylori (Rodentia: Cricetidae)

Mammalia ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari A. Rice ◽  
Madison T. Nadler ◽  
Isaac T. Grosner ◽  
Moed Gerveni ◽  
Logan K. Parr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Early Sign ◽  
Rodent Species ◽  
Photographic Record ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
The Third ◽  
Photographic Evidence ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Cases of albinism have been reported in less than 2% of living rodent species. Here, we report the first description of complete albinism in Baiomys taylori along with photographic evidence. This adult female was captured on three occasions as part of a long-term small mammal study on rangelands of extreme southern Texas. The individual was developing teats upon the third capture, an early sign of pregnancy. Despite selective pressures against albino phenotypes, this animal was able to survive to adulthood and potentially pass its albino alleles to offspring.

scholarly journals Dominance relationships and coalitionary aggression against conspecifics in female carrion crows

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Holtmann ◽  
Julia Buskas ◽  
Matthew Steele ◽  
Kristaps Solokovskis ◽  
Jochen B. W. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dominance Relationships ◽  
Dominant Individual ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Cooperation is a prevailing feature of many animal systems. Coalitionary aggression, where a group of individuals engages in coordinated behaviour to the detriment of conspecific targets, is a form of cooperation involving complex social interactions. To date, evidence has been dominated by studies in humans and other primates with a clear bias towards studies of male-male coalitions. We here characterize coalitionary aggression behaviour in a group of female carrion crows consisting of recruitment, coordinated chase, and attack. The individual of highest social rank liaised with the second most dominant individual to engage in coordinated chase and attack of a lower ranked crow on several occasions. Despite active intervention by the third most highly ranked individual opposing the offenders, the attack finally resulted in the death of the victim. All individuals were unrelated, of the same sex, and naïve to the behaviour excluding kinship, reproduction, and social learning as possible drivers. Instead, the coalition may reflect a strategy of the dominant individual to secure long-term social benefits. Overall, the study provides evidence that members of the crow family engage in coordinated alliances directed against conspecifics as a possible means to manipulate their social environment.

scholarly journals Photographic record of Dholes predating on a young Banteng in southwestern Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 20278-20283
Author(s):  
Dede Aulia Rahman ◽  
Mochamad Syamsudin ◽  
Asep Yayus Firdaus ◽  
Herry Trisna Afriandi ◽  
Anggodo
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Interspecific Relationships ◽  
Photographic Record ◽  
Photographic Evidence

A long-term camera-trap study of the Javan Rhinoceros in 2013 in Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP), Indonesia, allowed us to document the first photographic evidence of Dholes preying on a young Banteng and other species. Our photographs suggested that Dholes get in large packs to predate on Banteng and commonly separate young from adults when attacking the young. Future research should examine the Dhole diet and interspecific relationships between Dhole and Banteng to gain a better understanding of the ecological impacts of endangered predators on endangered prey in UKNP.

scholarly journals River as a flow of commodities: The reasoning behind the third Danube regulation in Bratislava by Enea Grazioso Lanfranconi

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Monika Bočková
Keyword(s):  
City Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract The channel of most of the rivers is the result of long-term human endeavour to modify their shape. This paper focuses on the flow of commodities juxtaposed with the physical water flow of the river that has served over centuries as one of the main means of goods transport. The topic is closely observed on the example of the Danube regulation in Bratislava at the end of the nineteenth century and the transformation of the river into a canal. The reasons for the individual interventions in the natural riverbed differed. The third regulation (1886 - 1896) was meant to add the missing part of the canal on the route between the North and Black Seas, which would be fully adapted for freight transport by steamer. The 19th century has introduced a new paradigm to city planning. In the belief in technical innovation, the planning process was undertaken by engineers. The paper places in confrontation the oeuvre of two engineers, Charles-Joseph Minard and Enea Grazioso Lanfranconi. While the former, a French civil engineer, brought a unique way of visualizing the flow of goods between territories based on statistical data, the latter, a Hungarian hydraulic engineer, is the author of the third regulation of the Danube in the section between Devín (Theben) and Gönyű (Gönyö). For the purpose of the paper, the original theoretical work of Enea Grazioso Lanfranconi was translated and analysed. Selected data from Lanfranconi’s work was interpreted visually.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Peter O. Dunn ◽  
Anders Pape Møller
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Population Changes ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
The Individual

Climate change is considered the largest environmental problem of this century, and birds have been a bellwether of the impacts of climate change on animals because their behaviour and population changes have been documented for decades. Since the first edition of this book the increase in studies of the effects of climate change on birds has been exponential, making it difficult for researchers to stay abreast of developments in the field. In this second edition we enlisted leaders in the field to provide up-to-date summaries of the latest advances in their field. The book consists of four sections. In the first section, there is a general introduction to climate and climate change. In the second section, five chapters provide an introduction to methods and data sources for studying climate change and its effects. In the third section, we have chapters that focus on the individual and population consequences of climate change, ranging from changes in physiology and behaviour to shifts in distribution and abundance and long-term evolutionary changes. In the fourth and last section, the chapters focus on interspecific effects of climate change, some of the conservation challenges we face, and a review of how the effects on birds are linked to other taxa. We end with a chapter reviewing future research trends and challenges.

Combining Values

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4, 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Proximal Phalanx ◽  
Common Error ◽  
The Third ◽  
Whole Person ◽  
Impairment Ratings ◽  
Upper Extremity Impairment ◽  
The Individual

Abstract To account for the effects of multiple impairments, evaluating physicians must provide a summary value that combines multiple impairments so the whole person impairment is equal to or less than the sum of all the individual impairment values. A common error is to add values that should be combined and typically results in an inflated rating. The Combined Values Chart in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Fifth Edition, includes instructions that guide physicians about combining impairment ratings. For example, impairment values within a region generally are combined and converted to a whole person permanent impairment before combination with the results from other regions (exceptions include certain impairments of the spine and extremities). When they combine three or more values, physicians should select and combine the two lowest values; this value is combined with the third value to yield the total value. Upper extremity impairment ratings are combined based on the principle that a second and each succeeding impairment applies not to the whole unit (eg, whole finger) but only to the part that remains (eg, proximal phalanx). Physicians who combine lower extremity impairments usually use only one evaluation method, but, if more than one method is used, the physician should use the Combined Values Chart.

Journey to the Advisor Within: Exploring Challenge, Transformation and Evolution in Advisor Stories

Relay Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 319-322
Author(s):  
Gamze Güven-Yalçın ◽  
Stephanie Lea Howard ◽  
Hatice Karaaslan
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Reflective Practice ◽  
Message Board ◽  
Initial Experiment ◽  
Narrative Style ◽  
The Third ◽  
Visual Message ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Academic Year

In the Reflective Practice column of the third issue of the Relay Journal, Yamamoto (2019) remarked on the importance of creating a platform for advisors to voice their views, feelings, and experiences, and suggested a need for more reflective narratives to be posted from different social, historical, and cultural contexts in order to provide an intimate view inside advising sessions, thereby offering a better understanding of said advising practices. The aim was to create a forum where advisors could learn from each other, and ultimately, everyone could mutually benefit from the experiences shared. To further this innovative research into Advising in Language Learning (ALL), the initial experiment by language advsiors at Kanda has been replicated in a different setting with four learning advisors from Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Turkey. The design used by the advisors at Kanda, a narrative style adopted while telling the stories, has been expanded to include a visual message board to which 20 learning advisors have contributed with their short reflective captions on their advisor selves. Additionally, the theme used by the advisors at Kanda, “the most memorable advising experience of this academic year” has been altered in our case to avoid repetition and to allow reflection on different aspects of the advising experiences. Thus, our narratives and the visual message board will examine two different themes: (1) How has advising affected you? (2) How do you define yourself as an advisor? Four narratives have elaborated on the first theme of the influence of advising knowledge and practice on the individual advisors, and the visual message board includes 20 images with reflective captions on the second theme of defining advisor identities.

Laura’s Students One and Seven Years Later

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn Watson
Keyword(s):  
School District ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
Adopted Child ◽  
The Third

In the third year, Laura took a leave through November to help settle her newly adopted child. Her students missed her and, when she returned, some seemed to have reverted to their original untrusting selves. Soon, their trust in Laura and in themselves was restored. Would that trust remain? Seven years later, I interviewed 9 of the 14 students still in the school district. All remembered Laura and the class fondly. Eight had detailed memories of their interactions with Laura, and the life skills and attitudes they learned in her class. Of the six students who were judged insecurely attached when they entered Laura’s class, four appeared successful and confident and two were currently failing most of their courses. Possible causes for the long-term success of some students and failure of others are discussed.

The Acceptance of Party Unity in Parliamentary Democracies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Willumsen
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Parliamentary Democracies ◽  
Survey Questions ◽  
Ideal Policy ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Policy Incentives

The central argument of this book is that voting unity in European legislatures is not primarily the result of the ‘disciplining’ power of the leadership of parliamentary parties, but rather the result of a combination of ideological homogeneity through self-selection into political parties and the calculations of individual legislators about their own long-term benefits. Despite the central role of policy preferences in the subsequent behaviour of legislators, preferences at the level of the individual legislator have been almost entirely neglected in the study of parliaments and legislative behaviour. The book measures these using an until now under-utilized resource: parliamentary surveys. Building on these, the book develops measures of policy incentives of legislators to dissent from their parliamentary parties, and show that preference similarity amongst legislators explains a very substantial proportion of party unity, yet alone cannot explain all of it. Analysing the attitudes of legislators to the demands of party unity, and what drives these attitudes, the book argues that what explains the observed unity (beyond what preference similarity would explain) is the conscious acceptance by MPs that the long-term benefits of belonging to a united party (such as increased influence on legislation, lower transaction costs, and better chances of gaining office) outweigh the short-terms benefits of always voting for their ideal policy outcome. The book buttresses this argument through the analysis of both open-ended survey questions as well as survey questions on the costs and benefits of belonging to a political party in a legislature.

GA: Armani’s Giorgio Armani

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Brooker ◽  
Margaret Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Shop ◽  
The Third ◽  
Haute Couture ◽  
Fashion Designer ◽  
The Body Shop ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Career Woman

The Armani high-fashion example illustrates the importance of adaptive rational methods in his founding and developing of an iconic high-fashion firm. Armani adapted stylistically to fashion’s new times in the 1970–80s by creating a new style catering for the career woman. His stylistic adaptation is compared with that of another famous Italian fashion designer, Versace, who instead modernized haute couture fashion and created a succession of glamourous styles. Both leaders exploited the same opportunity but in different ways. The third section compares these leaders’ legacies in the 1990s–2000s and assesses from a long-term perspective how capably they had used adaptive rational methods. The final section shifts the focus from fashion to the cosmetics industry and from Italy to the UK. Anita Roddick used adaptive rational methods to establish The Body Shop corporation in the 1970s–80s. However, she then abandoned rational methods with dire results for her corporation in the 1990s.

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