Hybrid films from plant and bacterial nanocellulose: mechanical and barrier properties

2022 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Moreira Cruz ◽  
Adriano Reis Prazeres Mascarenhas ◽  
Mário Vanoli Scatolino ◽  
Douglas Lamounier Faria ◽  
Lays Camila Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Hybrid Films

Abstract The accumulation of petroleum polymers compromises biodiversity and causes environmental problems. Nanocellulose enhances biodegradability and can improve the physical-mechanical performance of materials. The objective was to produce and characterize hybrid films composed of bacterial cellulose (BC) and plant nanocellulose from Eucalyptus (Euc) or Pinus (Pin). Films were produced by the casting method using filmogenic suspensions with different cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) proportions from both the sources (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 %). CNFs suspensions were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The morphology of the films was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the transparency, contact angle, wettability, oil and water vapor barrier and mechanical properties were also evaluated. The contact angles were smaller for films with BC and the wettability was greater when comparing BC with plant CNFs (0.10 °  s − 1 {\text{s}^{-1}} for 75 % Euc/25 % BC and 0.20 °  s − 1 {\text{s}^{-1}} for 25 % Euc/75 % BC). The water vapor permeability (WVP) of the 100 % BC films and the 25 % Euc/75 % BC composition were the highest among the studied compositions. Tensile strength, Young’s modulus and puncture strength decreased considerably with the addition of BC in the films. More studies regarding pre-treatments to purify BC are needed to improve the mechanical properties of the films.

scholarly journals Upcycling of Vine Shoots: Production of Fillers for PHBV-Based Biocomposite Applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégoire David ◽  
Laurent Heux ◽  
Stéphanie Pradeau ◽  
Nathalie Gontard ◽  
Hélène Angellier-Coussy
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Median Diameter ◽  
Cost Of Materials

Abstract This paper aims at investigating the potential of vine shoots (ViSh) upcycling as fillers in novel poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) based biocomposites. ViSh particles of around 50 µm (apparent median diameter) were obtained combining dry grinding processes, and mixed with PHBV using melt extrusion. Thermal stability and elongation at break of biocomposites were reduced with increasing contents of ViSh particles (10, 20 and 30 wt%), while Young’s modulus and water vapor permeability were increased. It was shown that a surface gas-phase esterification allowed to significantly increase the hydrophobicity of ViSh particles (increase of water contact angles from 59° to 114°), leading to a reduction of 27% in the water vapor permeability of the biocomposite filled with 30 wt% of ViSh. The overall mechanical performance was not impacted by gas-phase esterification, demonstrating that the interfacial adhesion between the virgin ViSh particles and the PHBV matrix was already good and that such filler surface treatment was not required in that case. It was concluded that ViSh particles can be interestingly used as low cost fillers in PHBV-based biocomposites to decrease the overall cost of materials.

scholarly journals Physical Properties of Starch/Powdered Activated Carbon Composite Films

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4406
Author(s):  
Anita Kwaśniewska ◽  
Michał Świetlicki ◽  
Adam Prószyński ◽  
Grzegorz Gładyszewski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Powdered Activated Carbon ◽  
Vapor Permeability

In the present study, starch/powdered activated carbon composite films were prepared by incorporating various amounts of powdered activated carbon (PAC)—1–5, 10, and 15 %—into a starch matrix, using the solvent casting method. The effect of PAC addition on the biopolymer film was investigated. The mechanical properties were examined by ultra-nanoindentation, nanoscratch, and micro-tensile tests. Since the mechanical properties of biopolymer films are correlated with their structure, the effect of PAC addition was tested using X-ray diffraction. The surface parameters morphology and wettability were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle measurements. The barrier properties were examined by determining water vapor permeability and the water solubility index. The obtained results did not show a monotonic dependence of the mechanical parameters on PAC content, with the exception of the maximum strain, which decreased as the amount of the additive increased. The visible effect of PAC addition was manifested in changes in the adhesive force value and in water vapor permeability (WVP). The barrier properties decreased with the increase of the filler content.

Research on Preparation and Properties of Edible Composite Protein Films

2011 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui Yun Chen ◽  
Qiao Lei
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Sodium Caseinate ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Protein Films

Edible films based on whey protein isolate and sodium caseinate were prepared by uniform design method. Glycerol has been incorporated into the edible films as a plasticizer. For all types of films, the influences of components and forming temperature on film properties, such as mechanical properties, water solubility, optical properties, gas and water vapor permeability were investigated. The results suggested that glycerol was the most important factor influencing all the properties of edible composite protein films. However, both increases of sodium caseinate concentration and glycerol content contributed to decrease the barrier properties of gas and water vapor. Among the films studied, group D (prepared with 5% whey protein isolate, 2% sodium caseinate, 50% glycerol at the temperature of 50 °C) showed moderate mechanical properties, optical properties, water solubility and maximum barrier properties of gas and water vapor, with tensile strength=5.85MPa, elongation=101.20%, transparency=91.4%, gas permeability rate=49.92cm3m-2d-10.1MPa-1and water vapor permeability of 0.128×10-11g m-1s-1Pa-1, 0.260×10-11g m-1s-1Pa-1, 0.513×10-11g m-1s-1Pa-1, 1.252×10-11g m-1s-1Pa-1at the RH gradient of 10-40%, 10-50%, 10-60%, 10-70%, respectively.

Preparation of Porous Cellulose Packaging Films in Alcohol Coagulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 557-560
Author(s):  
Shan Shan Gao ◽  
Jian Qing Wang ◽  
Xiu Feng Ma ◽  
Lin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Porous Films ◽  
Packaging Films ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Current Concerns

The barrier properties of the cellulose packaging films are current concerns for the fields of fruits and vegetables fresh-keeping packaging. One such porous films commonly used the pore formers as hole-forming materials whereas the compatibility and dispersity were not better with the cellulose solutions. In this study, the porous cellulose packaging films were prepared with natural broad-leaved pulp and LiCl/DMAc with different types of coagulation baths. The effects of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, LiCl/DMAc and deionized water coagulation baths on the physical structures, oxygen and water vapor permeabilities and mechanical properties of the films were measured. Based on the scanning electron microscpy (SEM) observation, the cross section was loose when used the alcohol coagulations, especially the films with ethanol coagulation showed dactylopores. It was also found that the oxygen permeability had obviously improving with the effect of ethanol, which compared with water vapor permeability of the films. The porous cellulose packaging films had better mechanical properties and up to 12.7MPa which would satisfy the usage in packaging.

Effect of the talc filler on structural, water vapor barrier and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Buzarovska ◽  
Gordana Bogoeva-Gaceva ◽  
Radek Fajgar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Structural Water

Abstract Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) based composite films with different content of talc (5–15 wt%) were prepared by the solvent casting method. The effect of talc on morphological, structural, thermal, barrier and mechanical properties of neat PLA was investigated. The PLA/talc composites revealed a polymorphic crystalline structure, as demonstrated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) study and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The PLA/talc composites also exhibited significantly improved barrier properties (up to 55% compared to neat PLA), as shown by water vapor permeability (WVP) tests. The puncture measurements showed improved mechanical properties at lower content of talc (up to 5 wt%), and increased brittleness of the PLA/talc composite films at higher talc concentrations.

scholarly journals Effect of cellulose nanofibers concentration on mechanical, optical, and barrier properties of gelatin-based edible films

DYNA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (191) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo David Andrade Pizarro ◽  
Olivier Skurtys ◽  
Fernando Osorio-Lira
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Gelatin Concentration

The effect of gelatin, glycerol, and cellulose nanofiber (CNFs) concentrations on the mechanical properties, water vapor permeability, and color parameters of films was evaluated. The results indicate that the color is only affected by the gelatin concentration. Mechanical tests indicated that with increasing concentration of gelatin and CNFs, there is an increase in tensile strength, whereas an increase in glycerol concentration causes an increase in elongation, making the films more flexible. An increased concentration of gelatin and glycerol makes the film more permeable to water vapor, while an increase in the concentration of CNFs reduces this property. Finally, the addition of CNFs to gelatin-based films improves their mechanical and barrier properties (water vapor) without affecting the appearance (color) of the films.

Chitosan-based films reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils isolated from Euterpe oleraceae MART

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
DG Braga ◽  
PGF Bezerra ◽  
ABFD Lima ◽  
HA Pinheiro ◽  
LG Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Water Vapor Absorption ◽  
Bionanocomposite Films

The use of local raw materials for the production of biodegradable films can simultaneously contribute to the development of the Amazon and global sustainability. This work aimed to evaluate the physical and mechanical performance of chitosan-based bionanocomposite films reinforced with different loads of cellulose nanofibrils obtained from açaí ( Euterpe oleraceae Mart.) under two nanofibrillation degrees. Nanofibrils were obtained by 3 and 21 passages in a grinder defibrillator. The films were produced by casting with nanofibril reinforcement at 5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, and 20 wt.%. The increase in the nanofibril level and nanofibrillation degree reduced water vapor absorption (75.20% to 51.93%), water solubility (28.33% to 17.91%), and density (0.87 g.cm−3 to 0.61 g.cm−3). The water vapor permeability decreased with higher nanofibril loads for both 3-pass (47.30% to 43.61%) and 21-pass (49.82% to 44.48%) reinforced films, but not with nanofibrillation degree. The increase in 3-pass nanofibril level decreased tensile strength (8.18 MPa to 7.88 MPa), modulus of elasticity (867.62 MPa to 670.02 MPa) and elongation at break (0.02 mm.mm−1 to 0.01 mm.mm−1). However, the opposite effect happened to 21-pass nanofibrils, with increases from 9.16 MPa to 9.73 MPa and from 502.00 MPa to 1119.62 MPa for tensile strength and modulus of elasticity, respectively. Meanwhile, the maximum elongation at rupture did not vary. It was concluded that chitosan-based bionanocomposite films reinforced with 20 wt.% of 21-pass nanofibril were more resistant, except for water vapor permeability. Adding coarser nanofibrils enhanced this property. The 3-pass nanofibrils reinforcement enables water solubility, which benefits other packaging applications.

Influence of the Microwave and Ultrasonic Synergistic Effect on Properties of Methylcellulose/Stearic Acids Films

2013 ◽  
Vol 666 ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Tian Zhong ◽  
Zi Xuan Lian ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Yan Qing Niu ◽  
Zhong Su Ma
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Water Vapor Barrier ◽  
Elongation Percentage

The Influence of the microwave (MW) and ultrasonic (US) synergistic effect on mechanical and water vapor barrier properties of methylcellulose (MC)/stearic acids (SA) films was studied. For this purpose, the initial emulsions were prepared and treated in a MW and US combination reaction system. The water vapor permeability (WVP) of the films was determined, as well as the mechanical properties. As a result of the extending of MW and US treatment time, the WVP of MC/SA films declined significantly. And the tensile strength (TS) and elongation percentage at break (E) were also affected by the treatment greatly. When the treated time was 20 min, the highest TS and E were observed.

scholarly journals Development of PE/PCL Bilayer Films Modified with Casein and Aluminum Oxide

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3090
Author(s):  
Anita Ptiček Siročić ◽  
Ana Rešček ◽  
Zvonimir Katančić ◽  
Zlata Hrnjak-Murgić
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Oxide Compound ◽  
Bilayer Films ◽  
Oxide Particles

The studied samples were prepared from polyethylene (PE) polymer which was coated with modified polycaprolactone (PCL) film in order to obtain bilayer films. Thin PCL film was modified with casein/aluminum oxide compound to enhance vapor permeability as well as mechanical and thermal properties of PE/PCL films. Casein/aluminum oxide modifiers were used in order to achieve some functional properties of polymer film that can be used in various applications, e.g., reduction of water vapor permeability (WVTR) and good mechanical and thermal properties. Significant improvement was observed in mechanical properties, especially in tensile strength as well as in water vapor values. Samples prepared with aluminum oxide particles indicated significantly lower values up to 60%, and samples that were prepared with casein and 5% Al2O3 showed the lowest WVTR value.

Fabrication of Composite Films Based on Chitosan and Vegetable-Tanned Collagen Fibers Crosslinked with Genipin

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Liu ◽  
Yanchun Liu ◽  
Eleanor M. Brown ◽  
Zhengxin Ma ◽  
Cheng-Kung Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Composite Film ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Compact Structure

The leather industry generates considerable amounts of solid waste and raises many environmental concerns during its disposal. The presence of collagen in these wastes provides a potential protein source for the fabrication of bio-based value-added products. Herein, a novel composite film was fabricated by incorporating vegetable-tanned collagen fiber (VCF), a mechanically ground powder-like leather waste, into a chitosan matrix and crosslinked with genipin. The obtained composite film showed a compact structure and the hydrogen bonding interactions were confirmed by FTIR analysis, indicating a good compatibility between chitosan and VCF. The optical properties, water absorption capacity, thermal stability, water vapor permeability and mechanical properties of the composite films were characterized. The incorporation of VCF into chitosan led to significant decreases in opacity and solubility of the films. At the same time, the mechanical properties, water vapor permeability and thermal stability of the films were improved. The composite film exhibited antibacterial activity against food-borne pathogens. Results from this research indicated the potential of the genipin-crosslinked chitosan/VCF composites for applications in antimicrobial packaging. 

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