scholarly journals Recording and Reconstructing the Sacred Landscapes of Sicilian Naxos

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 416-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jari Pakkanen ◽  
Maria Costanza Lentini ◽  
Apostolos Sarris ◽  
Esko Tikkala ◽  
Meropi Manataki
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Line Drawing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Sacred Landscape ◽  
Sacred Landscapes ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
The City

AbstractIn recent years, an on-going project investigating the urban landscape of Naxos has surveyed and produced several new digital reconstructions of the settlement’s simple non-peripteral temples, most with highly decorative roofs. Three Archaic sacred buildings of Sicilian Naxos are used to demonstrate different approaches to recording the remains and reconstructing their architectural features. This work reflects changes in digital strategies over the past ten years. Tempietto H is a small shrine located outside the city’s boundaries and the site is currently inaccessible, so its reconstruction is based on excavation documentation and roof terracottas. The visible half of Tempietto C was documented using three-dimensional line-drawing with total stations and photogrammetry; the back-filled south-western part was surveyed with ground penetrating radar. Temple B is the largest sacred structure in Naxos. A geophysical survey gives new data on the eastern extent of the sanctuary. The area has been recorded with handheld and aerial photography to create a three-dimensional model of the sanctuary. A new orthogonal grid of the city was established circa 470 BCE and a rectangular base was placed in the south-east corner of every crossroad. These bases were the starting point for the plan, and their interpretation as altars converts the entire urban plan into a sacred landscape.

scholarly journals La torre nella torre. Recupero e rilievo 3D per la fruizione della Torre Matta ad Otranto

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Muscatello
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Virtual Visits ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The tower in the tower. Recovery and 3D survey for virtual visits to the Torre Matta in OtrantoOtranto is one of the biggest ancient settlements in the Salento (Puglia), in the easternmost part of the Italian peninsula. This location has always affected the city’s history, which has a stratified system of defence. As a result of the Turkish invasion of 1480, the city was completely destroyed. During the counter-offensive of 1481 the city was reconquered by the Aragonese, who are credited with the reconstruction of the city and its defences, building high walls with circular towers (still visible and well conserved), which housed artillery pieces on the various floors of the casemates. Around the mid sixteenth century the existing defensive structures were enriched with bastions including the imposing pentagonal structure that incorporates the circular tower of the late fifteenth century, the so-called Torre Matta, facing the harbour. As part of recent recovery measures, the enormous room inside the bastion was completely emptied. This entailed removing all the accumulated material which, over the years, had come to fill the entire space. This material obscured the external wall of the fifteenth century tower enclosed within the bastion, of which, at the beginning of the work, only the stone corbels and the blind arches at the top were visible. The material had also prevented access via the only original entrance, on the south-east side, which was on the level of the moat. The stratified deposits to be removed were about 18 m deep, and the operation served to bring to light the entire room and the tower, making it possible for the first time to appreciate the relationship between the walls. To record the geometry of the individual architectural features, a 3D laser scan was performed, integrated with direct surveys. A three-dimensional model was created in order to enable virtual visits and disseminate knowledge of the monument.

Production and Interpretation of Pictures of Houses by Blind People

Perception ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1049-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morton A Heller ◽  
John M Kennedy ◽  
Tamala D Joyner
Keyword(s):  
Prior Information ◽  
Control Experiment ◽  
Line Drawing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Linear Perspective ◽  
Side View ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Top View

Subjects were exposed to a three-dimensional model of a house and were asked to draw it using a raised-line drawing kit. Independent groups of ten each of sighted controls, early-blind, and late-blind subjects were told to identify the vantage point of tangible pictures of the model, including side views, ‘bird's-eye’ views from above, and views involving linear perspective. The ease or difficulty of picture interpretation depended upon the nature of the tangible drawing, with much better performance being recorded for side views. Performance was poor for foreshortened 3/4 views. Early-blind subjects were particularly unlikely to recognize views from above. In a control experiment with blindfolded sighted subjects the influence of prior information was examined: some subjects were told that the drawings could consist of side view or bird's-eye, top view, or 3/4 view drawings. This experiment showed that performance can be greatly improved through prior information about the nature of the tangible pictures.

scholarly journals A cross-validated three-dimensional model of an englacial and subglacial drainage system in a High-Arctic glacier

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (256) ◽  
pp. 278-290
Author(s):  
Lena U. Hansen ◽  
Jan A. Piotrowski ◽  
Douglas I. Benn ◽  
Heidi Sevestre
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Closure Mechanism ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Arctic Glacier ◽  
D Model ◽  
Englacial Drainage

AbstractRecent speleological surveys of meltwater drainage systems in cold and polythermal glaciers have documented dynamic englacial and in some cases subglacial conduits formed by the ‘cut-and-closure’ mechanism. Investigations of the spatial distribution of such conduits often require a combination of different methods. Here, we studied the englacial drainage system in the cold glacier Longyearbreen, Svalbard by combining speleological exploration of a 478 m long meltwater conduit with a high-resolution ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey with two different centre-frequencies (25 and 100 MHz). The results yielded a 3-D documentation of the present englacial drainage system. The study shows that the overall form of englacial conduits can be detected from velocity−depth converted GPR data, and that the 3-D model can facilitate a method to pinpoint the reflections in a radargram corresponding with the englacial drainage system, although fine detail cannot be resolved. Visible reflections approximately parallel to the mapped englacial water drainage system likely result from sediment incorporated in the ice or from abandoned parts of the englacial drainage system.

Analysis Method for Studying Groundwater under a Church

2016 ◽  
Vol 861 ◽  
pp. 263-270
Author(s):  
M. Eugenia Torner ◽  
Ángeles Mas ◽  
Carlos Lerma ◽  
Enrique Gil ◽  
Jose Vercher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
The Church ◽  
Main Entrance

The Church of Asunción of Llíria (Valencia, Spain) is one of the best examples of the Valencian Baroque of the seventeenth century. This research is based on the study of the building from an urban, historical, and especially, a constructive view. The location of this particular church is unique because it is embedded in a mountain. First, some excavations were made into the mountain before the construction of the church started. Thus, there is a slope between the main entrance of the church and the rear. This research work provides the analysis of the ground humidity throughout the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) technique. We have analysed the subsoil of the whole church by various cuts or paths. Longitudinal and transversal measurements allowed us to produce a three-dimensional model of the land on which the church stands. We have also analysed the homogeneity or heterogeneity of the subsoil in each area and the presence of certain ground water routes. The rising moisture has been analysed on the walls and pillars of the church. To this end, a moisture analyser has been employed to monitor the moisture content over a period of six months. With this information, it was possible to identify points that are systematically more humid.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Women Workplace Culture Scale: Validation and Psychometric Properties of a Three-Factor Structure in an Iranian Study Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 915-934
Author(s):  
Ferdinando Toscano ◽  
Davide Giusino ◽  
Tayebe Rahimi Pordanjani
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Scale Validation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Workplace Culture ◽  
Persian Version ◽  
Organizational Barriers ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Societal Participation ◽  
The City

This paper describes the validation process of the Persian version of the Women Workplace Culture Scale and provides information about the perception of this culture in an Iranian working environment. A 30-item Persian version of the Women Workplace Culture (WWC) Questionnaire was administered to women working in public departments of the city of Bojnord, Iran (N = 200). As a result of a theory- and data-driven bottom-up empirical approach, a reduced 10-item three-dimensional scale was achieved entailing (I) perceived societal barriers for career development, (II) perceived organizational barriers, and (III) sexual harassment. This parsimonious solution showed satisfactory values of reliability, factorial validity and convergent-discriminant validity analysis based on correlations with the unidimensional 10-item Perceived Stress Scale and the 12-item Career Success Questionnaire. The scale can be used to measure women workplace culture in Iran and other Persian-speaking, Islamic-Arabic countries. It can also constitute a starting point for organizational diagnosis in projects aimed to enhance working women’s occupational health and societal participation.

scholarly journals Beyond East and West – Geocommunicating Historical Sacred Landscapes

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Markus Breier ◽  
Karel Kriz ◽  
Alexander Pucher ◽  
Lukas Neugebauer
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Region ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Sacred Landscape ◽  
Online Application ◽  
Sacred Landscapes ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
East And West

Abstract. The Project “Beyond East and West: Geocommunicating the Sacred Landscapes of “Duklja” and “Raška” through Space and Time (11th–14th Cent.)” attempts to recreate and communicate the sacred landscape during a time of transition and transformation. The project has an interdisciplinary approach and incorporates multiple media, like maps, images, and 3D models. The study area of the project is situated at the junction between the Dinaric mountain range and the coastal region of the Adriatic Sea. Historically, the region was shaped by the power struggle between Byzantium, the First Bulgarian Empire, and the Serbian Realm. Ecclesiastically, it was a zone of interaction as well as encounter between Rome and Constantinople. The aim of the project is to discover and visualise the spatial and temporal aspects of these encounters and transformation processes.To communicate the historical sacred landscape, a map-centred online application is used as a hub. To explore the relations between places, events, actors and artifacts, the users can follow the links between the entities. Content created during this project is more than points, lines or polygons which can be displayed on a map. Many objects are complemented with images, and for selected churches 3D models using aerial images captured by UAVs will be created. “Story Maps” are created for selected core research topics to provide an easily accessible starting point for users. The broader aim beyond the current research project is to provide a flexible framework, which can serve as a platform for similar research projects in historical geography and digital humanities.

Research on Planning for Streetscape along National Highway

2011 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
Wen Hui Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Space Dimension ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
National Highway ◽  
Planning Function ◽  
The City ◽  
Important Significance

Streetscape planning and design has important significance for improving urban landscape and increasing urban quality. Cixi segment of national highway NO.329 is the landscape and window to the outside of Cixi. According to the related upper planning, function of the street mostly is commerce. The paper analyzes design method about streetscape planning along the national highway by using the case of Cixi segment of national highway NO.329. The planning attempts to construct Cixi segment of national highway NO.329 to be Yingbin avenue of the city, which could reflect the image of Cixi with smooth traffic, quiet surrouding and orderly space. The paper introduces general plotting of streetscape planning from angles of coordination of architectural styles, scrutiny of space dimension, and style of single architecture, and then amply analyzes design method of streetscape planning from angles of space level and scale, node processing, open and retractation of space, levels and penetration of plane space, rhythm and depth of elevation, and architectural features.

scholarly journals A cidade e a paisagem urbana como personagem de cinema a visão de uma urbanista e cinéfila aprendiz

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam de Oliveira Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Cultural Geography ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Real Estate Market ◽  
Alfonso Cuaron ◽  
The City

The aim of this paper is to analyse the cinematographic resource of exploring the city and its urban landscape as a film character. Our proposal is provoking a reflection on how this personage, the city, can highlight cultural, political and ideological issues as well as how the city perception can be changed by a film repercussion.We will focus on discussions raised in fields such as Space Philosophy, Urban Anthropology, Cultural Geography and even the Real Estate Market by analyzing examples from different nationalities and backgrounds that can provide a starting point for a global point of view. In order to examine this hypothesis, some proposed films are: “Roma”, by Alfonso Cuarón (Mexico, 2018), “Aquarius” by Kleber Mendonça Filho (Brazil, 2016) and “Midnight in Paris” by Woody Allen (EUA, 2011).

scholarly journals Using Cellular Automata as a Basis for Procedural Generation of Organic Cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
Melek B. Temuçin ◽  
İlker Kocabaş ◽  
Kaya Oğuz
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Procedural Content Generation ◽  
Fractal Properties ◽  
Heterogeneous Structures ◽  
Virtual City ◽  
The City

Procedural content generation (PCG) methods are commonly employed in computer games, simulations, and other related industries. While these methods are used for levels, terrains, stories and missions, their usage for procedural city generation is relatively rare because cities are heterogeneous structures with different components such as roads, layouts and buildings that depend on and affect each other. Additionally, ancient cities grew organically to areas that are safe and to those that provide food and water. This resulted in cities that do not have apparent regular patterns, such as rectangular building blocks. We propose an approach that uses cellular automata (CA) that generates clusters of areas. The CA is repeated for each cluster to hierarchically create different levels of the city. This procedure creates an organic city layout with fractal properties. The layout specifies the building blocks, main roads, and foliage. We also present a set of methods that can transform this layout into a three-dimensional model of the city. The results are promising; cities can be created in under a minute with minimal required input, and the resulting virtual city looks organic, rather than an algorithmic layout that has repeating patterns.  

scholarly journals Dispersion of CO Using Computational Fluid Dynamics in a Real Urban Canyon in the City Center of Valencia (Spain)

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 693
Author(s):  
Alejandro Marulanda Tobón ◽  
Ignacio José Moncho-Esteve ◽  
Jordi Martínez-Corral ◽  
Guillermo Palau-Salvador
Keyword(s):  
Wind Direction ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
City Center ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Urban Geometry ◽  
Ideal Situation ◽  
The City

One of the main environmental problems we are currently facing is air pollution. Air quality models calculate how much pollution is emitted and dispersed into the atmosphere. This research presents a Computational Fluid Dynamic model using a real urban geometry for the analysis of CO contamination with a three-dimensional model. This method includes a procedure of calculating emissions using different types of vehicles. CO Measurements are obtained from a Wireless Sensor Network to validate the models. The present study analyzes six representative real cases of different traffic situations and climatic conditions plus 3 hypothetical cases in a hotspot area in the city center of Valencia. The results show what influences pollution levels the most is the wind direction, which influences the generation of velocity patterns. In the validation cases, the real wind direction is used and a slight change produces great differences in both velocities and CO concentration. In the hypothetical cases, parallel and perpendicular winds are defined to observe the differences when this ideal situation is applied. In conclusion, the mixing and transport of air pollutants are closely related to the structures of velocity and turbulence that occur in the air, which depends strongly on the wind direction.

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