„Zurück zu Schleiermacher! und von Schleiermacher aus vorwärts!“

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent A. R. Hege
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Psychological Method ◽  
Dialectical Theology ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractAs dialectical theology rose to prominence in the years following World War I, the new theologians sought to distance themselves from liberalism in a number of ways, an important one being a rejection of Schleiermacher’s methods and conclusions. In reading the history of Weimar-era theology as it has been written in the twentieth century one would be forgiven for assuming that Schleiermacher found no defenders during this time, as liberal theology quietly faded into the twilight. However, a closer examination of this period reveals a different story. The last generation of liberal theologians consistently appealed to Schleiermacher for support and inspiration, perhaps none more so than Georg Wobbermin, whom B. A. Gerrish has called a “captain of the liberal rearguard.” Wobbermin sought to construct a religio-psychological method on the basis of Schleiermacher’s definition of religion and on his “Copernican turn” toward the subject and resolutely defended such a method against the new dialectical theology long after liberal theology’s supposed demise. A consideration of Wobbermin’s appeals to Schleiermacher in his defense of the liberal program reveals a more complex picture of the state of theology in the Weimar period and of Schleiermacher’s legacy in German Protestant thought.

The Myths of Reparations

1978 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Marks
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
Weimar Republic ◽  
World War ◽  
Terra Incognita ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Reparations after World War I can be divided into two categories: non-German reparations, which remain largely terra incognita to the historian, and German reparations, an excruciatingly tangled thicket into which only a few intrepid explorers have ventured. Understandably, most students of twentieth-century history have preferred to sidestep the perils of travel on territory of extreme financial complexity and, as a consequence, a number of misconceptions about the history of German reparations remain in circulation. This brief summary is not addressed to those few brave trailblazers, whose work it indeed salutes, but rather to those many who have assiduously avoided the subject and to the myths about reparations which still adorn studies of the Weimar Republic and interwar history.

scholarly journals The castle in Podhorce in the years 1865 -1939. The state of research and the research postulates

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 228-237
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Paduch
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
250Th Anniversary ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Of Research

The Castle in Podhorce has been, and remains, the subject of many studies and articles, but not all aspects of the history of this residence have been studied. This paper presents the state of research on the history of the Castle in Podhorce in the years 1865-1939. The period of ownership of the palace by Princess Constance of Zamoyskich Sanguszko (1864-1946) and Stanislaw Eustachy Sanguszko (1842-1903) still is to be researched. For researchers of the history of the residence in Podhorce the most difficult challenges are related to the detailed examination of the source documents presenting fortunes of the palace against the background of important historical events. In the years 1865-1939 turning points for the Castle in Podhorce were: World War I, the War of 1920, the commemoration of the 250th anniversary of the Battle of Vienna and the outbreak of World War II. However the administration and care of goods in Podhorce is the issue least studied.

scholarly journals PAŁAC W PODHORCACH W LATACH 1865 –1939. STAN BADAŃ I POSTULATY BADAWCZE

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Paduch
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
250Th Anniversary ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
The Mansion

The palace in Podhorce has been, and remains, the subject of many studies and articles, but not all aspects of the history of this residence have been studied. This paper presents the state of research on the history of the Podhorce palace in the years 1865-1939. Ownership of the palace by Princess Constance of Zamoyskich Sanguszko (1864-1946) and Stanislaw Eustachy Sanguszko (1842-1903) still awaits studying. For researchers of the mansion Podhorce history, the most difficult challenges are related to detailed examining of source documents presenting fortunes of the palace on a background of important historical events. In the years 1865-1939 breakthrough moments for the Podhorce mansion were: World War I, the war of 1920, the celebration of the 250th anniversary of the Battle of Vienna, the outbreak of World War II. However the administration and care of goods in Podhorce is the issue least studied.

The Shaping of a Nation: Palestinians in the Last Century of Ottoman Rule

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 75-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel S. Migdal ◽  
Baruch Kimmerling
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
Social Boundaries ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
British Mandate ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
British Rule ◽  
Political Boundaries ◽  
History Of

No period was more decisive in the modern history of Palestine than the British Mandate, which lasted from the end of World War I until 1948. Not only did British rule establish the political boundaries of Palestine, the new realities forced both Jews and Arabs in the country to redefine their social boundaries and self-identity. But the cataclysmic events that continued through 1948, with the creation of Israel and what Arabs called al-Nakba (the catastrophe of dispersal and exile), took shape in the wake of key changes stretching over the last century of Ottoman rule. What was to be Palestine after World War I became increasingly more integrated territorially during the nineteenth century. And Arab society in the last century of Ottoman rule underwent critical changes that paved the way for the emergence of a Palestinian people in the twentieth century.

scholarly journals The origins of marketing practice in Britain: from the ancient to the early twentieth century

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
The State ◽  
Marketing Practice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the development of marketing practice in Britain from the ancient to the early twentieth century. It builds upon the author’s chapter in the 2016 Routledge Companion to the History of Marketing. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on a review of secondary history and archaeology literature supplemented by digitised historic newspaper and magazine advertising. The literature is frameworked using a modified version of Fullerton’s 1988 periodization which has been extended to include the medieval and Roman eras. Findings One of the significant findings of this paper is the key role the state has played in the development of marketing practice in Britain, the construction of pavements being a good example. Originality/value Apart from Nevett’s 1982 history of British advertising and the author’s Routledge Companion to the History of Marketing chapter, this is the first survey of the historical development of British marketing practice. It assembles and presents in a useful way important information. This paper will be of interest to marketing historians, especially students and researchers new to the subject.

scholarly journals Nationalism and Anti-Semitism in an Independent Romania

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-26
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Motta
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
Political Integration ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Cultural Framework ◽  
History Of

Abstract The history of antisemitism in Romania is strictly connected to the religious and cultural framework of those territories, as well as to their political integration from the age of emancipation and independence to the establishment of a Greater Romania after World War I. This article aims to analyse the different intersections of this historical process and the continuity between the old forms of anti-judaism and their re-interpretation according to modernist dynamics during the first half of the Twentieth-Century. The Romanian case illustrates the transformation and re-adapting of old religious prejudice in new doctrines of xenophobia, nationalism and antisemitism.

Liberalism and the Progressive Alliance in the Constituencies, 1900–1914: Three Case Studies

1983 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
George L. Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
Working Class ◽  
British Politics ◽  
World War ◽  
Liberal Party ◽  
Liberal Politics ◽  
Liberal Ideology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

The reasons for the decline of the Liberal party in Britain, and its replacement by the Labour party as the representative of the left, continue to be the subject of debate among historians of twentieth-century British politics. An important point at issue has been whether or not the Liberal decline had irreversibly set in prior to World War I; or if the war itself with the strains it placed on liberal ideology and the relationship among the party's most prominent leaders, and with the stimulus it provided for a more militant working class, was the catalyst for decline. There can be no question that the Liberal party was critically dependent upon the support of working-class voters for its viability as an alternative party of government.1 Thus, a major issue of contention among historians of Liberal politics has been the party's success or failure before August 1914 in retaining the allegiance of this crucial electoral base.

Politics and Feminism in “Outcast London”: George Lansbury and Jane Cobden's Campaign for the First London County Council

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Schneer
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
County Council ◽  
British Politics ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
World War ◽  
Labor Politics ◽  
Political Agent ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Socialist Movement

This article examines Jane Cobden's campaign for the London County Council (L.C.C.) in 1888–89 and its controversial aftermath. Cobden's effort, a pioneering political venture of British feminism, illuminates late-Victorian concepts of gender. It provides at once an anticipation of, and a distinct contrast to, the militant suffragism of the Edwardian era. In addition, it suggests new ways of thinking about the connection between women's-suffragist and labor politics. Perhaps because the campaign was a comparatively obscure incident when measured against the broad sweep of British political history, however, no scholar has done much more than sketch its bare outline. Hopefully, the fuller depiction provided below will accord it the treatment it really deserves.This article approaches the subject from a tangent, however. Cobden's campaign was a significant if little-known episode not only in the history of British suffragism but also in the life of a man who went on to play a major role in British politics long after the first county council elections had been forgotten. This was George Lansbury, Cobden's political agent during 1888–89 and secretary of the Bow and Bromley Radical and Liberal Federation. Lansbury eventually became one of the main architects of the socialist movement in East London and a chief male supporter of the militant suffragettes during the Edwardian era (in 1912 he temporarily lost his seat in the House of Commons and went to prison on their behalf). He also became a founder and editor of the quintessential “rebel” newspaper, theDaily Herald(which was designated Labour's official organ after Lansbury left it in 1922), a pacifist opponent of World War I, and, from 1931 to 1935, leader of the Labour party itself.

scholarly journals Leonard Hawkes, 6 August 1891 - 29 October 1981

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 125-139
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Early Years ◽  
World War ◽  
Igneous Petrology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Field Worker ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University

Leonard Hawkes, during the past three decades one of the elder statesmen of British geology, was one of the few remaining leaders in the subject who received their training before World War I. A lifelong academic, he devoted his best years to the service of Bedford College in the University of London. A very active field-worker in early years, he became in his time a leading authority on the geology of Iceland, pursuing studies in volcanology, igneous petrology and glaciology. He served as a Secretary of the Geological Society of London for a long period at a critical stage in the history of that Society, and was later on its President. He will be remembered as one of the most amiable of characters in the post World War II scene.

scholarly journals Valbijl of vangnet? Natuurmonumenten, de adel en de verwerving van landgoederen en buitenplaatsen, 1905-1980

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 9-32
Author(s):  
Michiel Purmer
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Nature Conservation ◽  
World War I ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Personal Networks ◽  
Board Members ◽  
World War ◽  
Country Houses ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Natuurmonumenten, a Dutch NGO for nature conservation, currently owns a wide variety of landed estates and country houses, formerly owned by nobles. The precarious economic position of the nobility after World War I, forced many to dispose of their costly ancestral estate in the course of the twentieth century. In this article, I explore the relationship between Natuurmonumenten and the nobility by looking at the acquisition history of the properties acquired by Natuurmonumenten. I particularly focus on two case studies, the estates of Hackfort and Eerde, which, after decades of negotiation and discussion, both became property of Natuurmonumenten in the early 1980s. These and other cases clearly demonstrate the vital importance of the board members’ personal networks for the acquisition of landed property. Nobles and nature conservationists – many of the board members of Natuurmonumenten were of noble birth themselves – both wanted to preserve landed estates. This mutual desire is still reflected in the management and preservation of estates and country houses owned by Natuurmonumenten today.

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