Suggested Method of Test for Thermal Resistivity of Soil by the Thermal Probe

2009 ◽  
pp. 264-264-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
HF Winterkorn
Keyword(s):  
Suggested Method ◽  
Thermal Resistivity ◽  
Thermal Probe

scholarly journals Measurement of Thermal Resistivity of Dune Sand Using a Field Thermal Probe

IARJSET ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ar. Priyanka Mehta ◽  
Dr.Pulkit Gupta ◽  
Ar. Anshu Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Resistivity ◽  
Dune Sand ◽  
Thermal Probe

A generalized relationship to estimate thermal resistivity of soils

1999 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
MVBB Gangadhara Rao ◽  
D N Singh
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Thermal Resistivity ◽  
Power Cables ◽  
Thermal Probe ◽  
Oil And Gas Pipelines ◽  
Ground Modification

Soil thermal resistivity plays an important role in the design and laying of high-voltage buried power cables, oil and gas pipelines, nuclear waste disposal facilities, ground-modification techniques employing heating and freezing, etc. For these situations, it is important to estimate the resistance offered by the soil mass in dissipating the heat generated. Several investigators have tried to develop mathematical and theoretical models to estimate soil thermal resistivity. However, these models are not always capable of predicting thermal resistivity of soils. This is mainly due to the fact that thermal resistivity of soil is a complex phenomenon that depends upon various parameters, viz. type of the soil, particle-size distribution, compaction characteristics, etc. As such, none of the relationships available in the literature are suitable for estimating the thermal resistivity of all soils. This paper deals with the details of fabrication of a "laboratory thermal probe" which has been used to evaluate thermal resistivity of various soils. A relationship has been proposed to estimate thermal resistivity of soils depending upon the moulding moisture content and density of the soils.Key words: thermal resistivity, laboratory thermal probe, black cotton soil, fly ash, sands, silty sand.

scholarly journals Sputter Deposited Metal Layers Embedded in Composites—From Fundamentals to Applications

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Florian Cougnon ◽  
Mathias Kersemans ◽  
Wim Van Paepegem ◽  
Diederik Depla
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Sputter Deposition ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Thermal Probe ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Magnetron Sputter Deposition ◽  
Sputter Deposited ◽  
Metal Layers

Due to the low heat flux towards the substrate, magnetron sputter deposition offers the possibility to deposit thin films on heat sensitive materials such as fiber-reinforced polymers, also known as composite materials. Passive thermal probe measurements during the sputter deposition of metal layers show indeed that the temperature increase remains well below 25 °C for film thicknesses up to 600 nm. The latter thickness threshold is based on the influence of embedded metal films on the adhesion of the composite plies. Films thicker than this threshold deteriorate the mechanical integrity of the composite. The introduction of the uncured composite in the vacuum chamber strongly affects the base pressure by outgassing of impurities from the composite. The impurities affect the film properties as illustrated by their impact on the Seebeck coefficient of sputter deposited thermocouples. The restrictions to embed thin films in composites, as illustrated by both the heat flux measurements, and the study on the influence of impurities, are however not insurmountable. The possibility to use embedded thin films will be briefly demonstrated in different applications such as digital volume image correlation, thermocouples, and de-icing.

scholarly journals A Methodology of Workshops to Explore Mutual Assistance Activities for Earthquake Disaster Mitigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3814
Author(s):  
Kazuki Karashima ◽  
Akira Ohgai
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Suggested Method ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Earthquake Disaster ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Mutual Assistance ◽  
Large Earthquakes

To minimize the damage caused by large earthquakes, mutual assistance activities between residents and rescue victims (i.e., to support residents who cannot evacuate individually) are important. To enhance these activities, the technologies and methods for creating a Community Disaster Management Plan (CDMP), based on the quantitative evaluation of mutual assistance abilities, are required. However, the lack of a method for it is a key issue. This study aims to develop a methodology of workshops for making CDMPs by using the developed support tool by the authors to explore and promote mutual assistance activities. Through the demonstration and examination of a Community Disaster Management Plan on actual districts, the findings mentioned in this article were obtained. Moreover, the usability of this method is shown. In particular, this method is effective at revising CDMPs, and raising resident awareness on the importance of mutual assistance. The suggested method can also improve the lack of techniques involved in promoting mutual assistance.

An Alternative to the Net Premium Valuation Method for Statutory Reporting

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.G. Scott ◽  
S.F. Elliott ◽  
L.J. Gray ◽  
T.W. Hewitson ◽  
D.J. Lechmere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suggested Method ◽  
Current Range ◽  
Insurance Contracts ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Alternative Approach

ABSTRACTThis paper reviews the present statutory valuation method and regime. It discusses the usefulness and effectiveness of the method in relation to the current range of insurance contracts. It suggests a possible alternative approach to statutory valuation which could enable offices to demonstrate both their solvency and their ability to meet policyholders' reasonable expectations. It reviews the effects of introducing the suggested method and its relationship with other current reporting issues.

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