scholarly journals Seasonal litter contribution to total peat respiration from drained tropical peat under mature oil palm plantation

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3247-3263
Author(s):  
Heru Bagus Pulunggono ◽  
S Siswanto ◽  
Husni Mubarok ◽  
Happy Widiastuti ◽  
Nizam Tambusai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Tropical Peat ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Litter Respiration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

The amount of CO2 gas emissions in drained peatland for oil palm cultivation has been widely reported. However, the research addressing the contribution of litter respiration to peat and total respiration and its relationship with several environmental factors is found rare. The aim of this study was to measure peat and heterogeneous litter respiration of drained tropical peat in one year at a distance of 2.25 m and 4.50 m from mature oil palm trees of 14 years using the chamber method (Licor Li-830). In addition to CO2 efflux, we measured other environmental parameters, including peat temperature (10 cm depth), air temperature, groundwater table (GWL), and rainfall. Results showed that the mean total peat respiration (Rt) was 12.06 g CO2 m-2day-1, which consisted of 68% (8.24 g CO2 m-2day-1) peat (Rp) and root (Rr) respiration and 32% (3.84 g CO2 m-2day-1) of litter respiration (Rl) at the distance of 2.25 m from the palm tree. Meanwhile, at a farther distance, the Rt was 12.49 g CO2m-2day-1, the contribution of Rp was 56% (6.78 g CO2 m-2day-1), and Rl was higher than the closest distance (46%; 5.71 g CO2 m-2day-1). Thus, one-year observation resulting the mean Rt and Rr was 0.07–0.08 Mg CO2 ha-1 day-1, while Rl was 0.04–0.06 Mg CO2 ha-1 day-1. The means of Rt, Rp, and Rl were significantly different in the dry season than those recorded in the rainy season. The climatic-related variable such as peat and air temperature were chiefly governing respiration in peat under mature oil palm plantation, whereas the importance of other variables present at particular conditions. This paper provides valuable information concerning respiration in peat, especially for litter contribution and its relationship with environmental factors in peatland, contributing to global CO2 emission.

scholarly journals Assessing the distribution of total Fe, Cu, and Zn in tropical peat at an oil palm plantation and their relationship with several environmental factors

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3349-3358
Author(s):  
Heru Bagus Pulunggono ◽  
Lina Lathifah Nurazizah ◽  
Moh Zulfajrin ◽  
Syaiful Anwar ◽  
Supiandi Sabiham
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Tropical Peatlands ◽  
Cu And Zn

Extensive utilization of fragile tropical peatlands ecosystem encourages a better understanding of spatiotemporal micronutrients distribution. The distribution of total Fe, Cu, and Zn in peat and their relationship with environmental factors were studied under oil palm plantation, Pangkalan Pisang, Koto Gasib, Riau, Indonesia. Peat samples were taken compositely inside the block using a combination of six factors, including a) the oil palm age (<6, 6-15, >15 years old), b) the peat thickness (< 3 and >3 m), c) season (rainy and dry), d) the distances from the secondary canal (10, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 150 m), e) the distances from an oil palm tree (1, 2, 3, and 4 m), and f) the depth of sample collection (0-20, 20-40, and 40-70 cm from the peat surface). Total Fe, Cu, and Zn were determined by the wet digestion method. These micronutrients observed in this study possessed high variability; however, they were within the expected range in tropical peatland. The entire micronutrients were statistically different by oil palm age, peat thickness, and distance from canal. Meanwhile, total Cu and Zn were also significantly different at each season. The oil palm age, peat thickness, and distance from the canal were the common factors controlling total Fe, Cu, and Zn in peat significantly. Moreover, total Cu and Zn were also dictated by season, distance from the oil palm tree, and depth of sample collection. Based on visual interpretation in PCA (principal component analysis), all micronutrients were categorized into two groups, separated by 2 m distance from the oil palm tree and 20 cm depth from the soil surface. Our study also highlights the dominance of the dilution over the enrichment process in peat, which requires further research to formulate micronutrients fertilization, especially for an extended cultivation time.

scholarly journals Effect of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantations on individual-level diet variation of Hylaeamys megacephalus (G. Fisher 1814) (Rodentia, Cricetidae) in eastern Amazon Forest

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Almeida Pena ◽  
Ana Cristina Mendes-Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Tree Plantation ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation

Abstract: In this study we described the diet of Hylaeamys megacephalus (G. Fisher, 1814) and investigated the degree of individual variation in the diet of this species among the Amazon Forest and the oil palm plantation. We analyzed the stomach contents of 36 individuals, of whom 11 were collected in the forest and 25 captured in the palm oil palm plantation. The H. megacephalus diet consisted of 18 food items, of which 12 were animal composition and eight were vegetable composition. The niche amplitude of the species was narrower in the forest area (Baforest = 0.013) compared to the palm tree plantation area (Bapalm = 0.478). This shows that individuals have greater niche overlap in forest areas, while in the plantation areas the animals expand their food niche. In addition, the values of the mean of the individual diet in relation to the diet of the entire population were lower in the palm oil palm plantation environment (ISpalm = 0.164) than in the Forest environment (ISforest = 0.357), indicating a high specialization in the palm oil plantation. These results indicate a population mechanism to reduce intraspecific competition in response to scarce resources.

scholarly journals Assessing the Influence of UAV Altitude on Extracted Biophysical Parameters of Young Oil Palm

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 3030
Author(s):  
Ram Avtar ◽  
Stanley Anak Suab ◽  
Mohd Shahrizan Syukur ◽  
Alexius Korom ◽  
Deha Agus Umarhadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Flight Altitude ◽  
Biophysical Parameters ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Red Edge

The information on biophysical parameters—such as height, crown area, and vegetation indices such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference red edge index (NDRE)—are useful to monitor health conditions and the growth of oil palm trees in precision agriculture practices. The use of multispectral sensors mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) provides high spatio-temporal resolution data to study plant health. However, the influence of UAV altitude when extracting biophysical parameters of oil palm from a multispectral sensor has not yet been well explored. Therefore, this study utilized the MicaSense RedEdge sensor mounted on a DJI Phantom–4 UAV platform for aerial photogrammetry. Three different close-range multispectral aerial images were acquired at a flight altitude of 20 m, 60 m, and 80 m above ground level (AGL) over the young oil palm plantation area in Malaysia. The images were processed using the structure from motion (SfM) technique in Pix4DMapper software and produced multispectral orthomosaic aerial images, digital surface model (DSM), and point clouds. Meanwhile, canopy height models (CHM) were generated by subtracting DSM and digital elevation models (DEM). Oil palm tree heights and crown projected area (CPA) were extracted from CHM and the orthomosaic. NDVI and NDRE were calculated using the red, red-edge, and near-infrared spectral bands of orthomosaic data. The accuracy of the extracted height and CPA were evaluated by assessing accuracy from a different altitude of UAV data with ground measured CPA and height. Correlations, root mean square deviation (RMSD), and central tendency were used to compare UAV extracted biophysical parameters with ground data. Based on our results, flying at an altitude of 60 m is the best and optimal flight altitude for estimating biophysical parameters followed by 80 m altitude. The 20 m UAV altitude showed a tendency of overestimation in biophysical parameters of young oil palm and is less consistent when extracting parameters among the others. The methodology and results are a step toward precision agriculture in the oil palm plantation area.

scholarly journals Effects of Converting Secondary Forest on Tropical Peat Soil to Oil Palm Plantation on Carbon Storage

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch`ng Huck Ywih ◽  
Osumanu Haruna Ahmed ◽  
Nik Muhamad Ab. Majid ◽  
Mohamadu Boyie Jalloh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Tropical Peat ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation

Carbon dioxide balance of an oil palm plantation established on tropical peat

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 108189
Author(s):  
Frankie Kiew ◽  
Ryuichi Hirata ◽  
Takashi Hirano ◽  
Wong Guan Xhuan ◽  
Edward Baran Aries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Tropical Peat ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Balance

scholarly journals Soil carbon dioxide emissions due to oxidative peat decomposition in an oil palm plantation on tropical peat

2018 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. 202-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiwamu Ishikura ◽  
Takashi Hirano ◽  
Yosuke Okimoto ◽  
Ryuichi Hirata ◽  
Frankie Kiew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Soil Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Tropical Peat ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation

scholarly journals Tree-based Water Footprint Assessment on Established Oil Palm Plantation in North Sumatera, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edi Santosa ◽  
Indra Mario Stefano ◽  
Abdul Gani Gani Tarigan ◽  
Ade Wachjar ◽  
Sofyan Zaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunch ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Production Water

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p>In a long life cycle of oil palm plantation, sustainable water management is mandatory because irrigation is rarely applied. In order to develop water management for sustainable palm oil production, tree-based water footprint of well-established oil palm plantation was assessed. Field data were collected from February to June 2016 in Dolok Ilir managed by PTPN IV, North Sumatera, Indonesia. Additional data were obtained from interviews on the site and the surrounding estates, reports and references. Results showed that water footprint (WF) for production of fresh fruit bunch (FFB) was 510.69 m3 tonne-1 and crude palm oil (CPO) was 517.79 m3 tonne-1. Green, blue and grey water contributed 94.78%, 0.71% and 4.50% in FFB, and 93.48%, 1.66% and 4.85% in CPO productions, respectively. All green WF was calculated basen on actual value of tree evapotranspiration, therefore, the value was mostly lower than other researchs. Low amount of blue water indicates that the oil palm tree in North Sumatera extracts low amount of ground water. On the other hand, grey water for pollution dilution of fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides were high, i.e., 15.15 m3, 4.77 m3, 3.07 m3 tonne-1 FFB, respectively. It implies that reduction of grey water should be implemented in the near future through precission farming.<br /><br />Keywords: CPO, Elaeis guineensis, precission farming, sustainable production, water footprint<br /><br /><br />

scholarly journals Relationship between Distance Sampling and Carbon Dioxide Emission under Oil Palm Plantation

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Dariah ◽  
Fahmuddin Agus ◽  
Erni Susanti ◽  
. Jubaedah
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Distance Sampling ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Flux ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Soil Biol ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Tropical Peatlands

Carbon dioxide emission on peatland under oil palm plantation were highly varied probably due to many factors involved.  The objectives of the research were to evaluate the effect of distance sampling from center of oil palm tree on Carbon dioxide flux, and  to study the factors that cause variability of carbon dioxide flux on peatland under oil palm plantation.  The study was conducted on peatland at Arang-Arang Village, Kumpek Ulu Sub-District, Muaro Jambi District, Jambi Province, on six year old oil palm plantation.  The study was conducted in the form of observational exploratory.  Emission measurements performed on 5 selected oil palm trees at points within 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 cm from the center of trunk.  Carbon dioxide flux was measured using (IRGA), Li-COR 820.  The results showed that there is significant correlation between the distance of sampling from center of oil palm tree and Carbon dioxide flux.  The farther distance from the tree, Carbon dioxide flux more decreased. Before applying fertilizer, variability of soil fertility was not significantly correlated with the flux of Carbon dioxide, so the difference of Carbon dioxide flux based on distance sampling can be caused by root distribution factor.  After fertilizer application, variability of Carbon dioxide flux under the oil palm tree were beside affected by differences in root distribution, was also greatly influenced by fertilization.Keywords: Carbon dioxide flux, distance sampling, oil palm, peat, root-related respiration [How to Cite: Dariah A, F Agus, E Susanti and Jubaedah. 2013.Relationship between Sampling Distance and Carbon Dioxide Emission under Oil Palm Plantation. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 125-130. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.125][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.125] REFERENCESAgus F, E Handayani, van M Noordwijk, K Idris and S Sabiham.  2010 Root respiration interferes with peat CO2 emission measurement. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World. 1 - 6 August 2010, Brisbane, Australia. Published on DVD.Amador JA and RD Jones.  1993.  Nutrient limitation on microbial respiration in peat soil with diffrent total phosphorus content.  Soil Biol Biochem  25: 793-801.Franklin O, P Hoogberg, A Ekbled and GI Agren.  2003.  Pine forest floor carbon accumulation in response to N and PK addition: Bomb C-14 modeling and respiration studies.  Ecosystem 6: 644-658.  Freeman C, N Ostle and H Kang.  2001.  An Enzymic ‘latch’ on global carbon store-a shortage of oxigen locks up carbon in peatlands by restraining a single enzyme.  Nature 409: 149-149.Hanson PJ, NT Edwards, CT Garten and JA Andrew.  2000.  Separating root and soil microbial contributions to soil respiration: A review of methods and observations.  Biogeochemistry 48: 115-146.Henson IE, and SH Chai.  1997.  Analysis of oil palm productivity.  II. Biomass, distribution, productivity and turnover of the root system.  Elaeis 9: 78-92.Hergoualc’h K and LV Verchot. 2011.  Stocks and fluxes of carbon associated with land use change in Southeast Asian tropical peatlands: A review. Glob Biogeochem Cycl 25. doi:10.1029/2009GB003718.Howarth RW and SG Fisher.  1976.  Carbon, nitrogen, phosporus dynamic during leaf decay in nutrient-enriched stream microecosystems.  Freshwater Biol 6: 221-228.Husen E and F Agus.  2011.  Microbial activities as affected by peat dryness ans ameliorant.  Am J Environ Sci 7: 348-353.Jauhiainen J, A Hooijer and SE Page.  2012.  Carbon dioxide emissions from an Acacia plantation on peatland in Sumatra, Indonesia. Biogeosciences 9: 617–630. DOI:10.5194/bg-9-617-2012.Khalid H, ZZ Zin and JM Anderson.  1999.  Quantification of oil palm biomass and nutrient value in mature planttation.  II Below-ground biomass.  J Oil Palm Res 11: 63-71.Knorr KH, MR Oosterwoud and C Blodau. 2008. Experimental drought alters rates of soil respiration and methanogenesis but not carbon exchange in soil of a temperate fen. Soil Biol Biochem 40: 1781-1791.Law BE, FM Kelliher, DD Baldocchi, PM Anthoni, J. Irvine, D. Moore and SV Tuyl.  2001.  Spatial and temporal variation in respiration in  a young ponderosa pine forest during a summer drought.  Agric Forest Meteorol 110: 27-43.Laiho R, J Laine, CC Trettin and L Finner.  2004.  Scot pine litter decomposition along drainage succession and soil nutrient gradient in peat land forest, and the effect of inter-annual weather variation.  Soil Biol Biochem 36: 1095-1109.Madsen R, L Xu, B Claassen and D McDermit.  2009.  Surface monitoring method for carbon capture and storage projects. Energy Procedia 1: 2161-2168Martoyo K.  1992.  Kajian Sifat Fisik Tanah Podsolik untuk Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis gueneensis Jacq) di Sumatera Utara.  Tesis Program Pasca Sarjana,  Universitas Gajah Mada.  Yogyakarta (in Indonesian).Melling L, R Hatano and KJ Goh. 2007. Nitrous oxide emissions from three ecosystem in tropical peatlands of Sarawak, Malaysia. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 53: 792-805.Minkkinen K, J Laine, NJ Shurpali, P Makiranta, J Alm and T Pentilla.  2007.  Heterotropic soil respiration in forestry-drained peatland.  Boreal Environ Res  12: 115-126. Murdiyarso D, K Hergoualc’h K and LV Verchot. 2010 Opportunities for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in tropical peatlands. PNAS 107:  19655-19660.Olsen R, S Linden, R Giesler, and P Hogberg.  2005.  Fertilization of boreal forest reduce of both autrotrophic dan heterotrophic soil respiration .  Glob  Change  Biol  11: 1745-1753.Silvola J, J Valijoki and H Aaltonen.  1985.  Effect of draining and fertilization on soil respiration at three ameliorated peatland site.  Acta For Fem 191: 1-32.Silvola J, J Alm, U Aklholm, H Nykanen and PJ Martikainen.  1996a. Carbon dioxide fluxes from peat in boreal mires under varying temperature and moisture condition.  J Ecol 84: 219-228.Silvola J, J Alm, U. Ahlholm, H Nykanen, and PJ Martikainen.  1996b.  The contribution of plant roots to carbon dioxide fluxes from organic soils.  Biol  Fertil Soils 23: 126-131.Wang W, K Ohseb and J Liuc. 2005.  Contribution of root respiration to soil respiration in a C3/C4 mixed grassland. J Bioscience 30: 507-514. 

scholarly journals ESTIMASI NILAI LINGKUNGAN PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT DITINJAU DARI NERACA AIR TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT (STUDI KASUS: PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT DI KECAMATAN DAYUN, KABUPATEN SIAK, PROPINSI RIAU)THE ESTIMATION OF OIL PALM PLANTATION ...

Agromet ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isa Teguh Widodo ◽  
Bambang Dwi Dasanto
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Conservation Program ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation

Dayun area is one of the centers of oil palm plantation in Siak Regency. State-owned company that develops oil palm plantation in Dayun is PT Perkebunan Nusantara V (PTPN V) which is the first company developing oil palm plantation in Siak Regency. The oil palm plantations cause various effects to the environment; one of them is the decreasing water availability for the water stakeholders. The decreasing water availability causes additional cost to the community. The objectives of this study were to determine the decreasing of water availability which was caused by oil palm plantation, and its cost to meet the needs of water. The study used water balance model by Thornwhite 1957 and Willingness to Pays (WTP) analysis using questionaire of Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) in Sawit Permai, Dayun Subdistrict, Siak Regency. The land cover, before and after, affects the water balance which impacts the water availability in Dayun. The decreasing water availability was comparable with the increasing water demand in oil palm plantation, equal to 67 mm/year. Oil palm plantation had greater runoff than that of forest. The need of water in oil palm plantation in Dayun was 42.728 liters/ha/day, with the daily need of a single palm tree equal to 0,012 m3/s. Based on the analysis of debt estimation, there is debt decreasing which indicates the decreasing water availability in Dayun, around 349 m3/s yearly. The estimated value of the environment for oil palm plantation by water resources consumption based on the difference of forest and oil palm plantation during the dry season (JJA) is equal to Rp 7.500.000. Average WTP for the water conservation program is Rp 26.400, with WTP maximum and minimum up to Rp 45.000 and Rp 5.000, respectively. The economic value of water conservation program is Rp 18.850.000/month.Dayun area is one of the centers of oil palm plantation in Siak Regency. State-owned company that develops oil palm plantation in Dayun is PT Perkebunan Nusantara V (PTPN V) which is the first company developing oil palm plantation in Siak Regency. The oil palm plantations cause various effects to the environment; one of them is the decreasing water availability for the water stakeholders. The decreasing water availability causes additional cost to the community. The objectives of this study were to determine the decreasing of water availability which was caused by oil palm plantation, and its cost to meet the needs of water. The study used water balance model by Thornwhite 1957 and Willingness to Pays (WTP) analysis using questionaire of Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) in Sawit Permai, Dayun Subdistrict, Siak Regency. The land cover, before and after, affects the water balance which impacts the water availability in Dayun. The decreasing water availability was comparable with the increasing water demand in oil palm plantation, equal to 67 mm/year. Oil palm plantation had greater runoff than that of forest. The need of water in oil palm plantation in Dayun was 42.728 liters/ha/day, with the daily need of a single palm tree equal to 0,012 m3/s. Based on the analysis of debt estimation, there is debt decreasing which indicates the decreasing water availability in Dayun, around 349 m3/s yearly. The estimated value of the environment for oil palm plantation by water resources consumption based on the difference of forest and oil palm plantation during the dry season (JJA) is equal to Rp 7.500.000. Average WTP for the water conservation program is Rp 26.400, with WTP maximum and minimum up to Rp 45.000 and Rp 5.000, respectively. The economic value of water conservation program is Rp 18.850.000/month.

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