scholarly journals Four weeks of electrical stimulation improves glucose tolerance in sedentary overweight or obese Hispanic population

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle J Galvan ◽  
Michael J Sanchez ◽  
Andrew J McAinch ◽  
Jeffrey D Covington ◽  
Jason B Boyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensory Level ◽  
Level Control

Introduction/Purpose: Most U.S. adults (54%) do not meet minimum exercise recommendations by American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a novel alternate strategy to induce muscle contraction. However, effectiveness of NMES to improve insulin sensitivity and energy expenditure is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of four weeks of NMES on glucose tolerance in a sedentary overweight or obese population. Methods: Participants (n=10; age: 36.8 ± 3.8 years; BMI=32 ± 1.3 kg/ m2) were randomized into either control or NMES group. All participants received bilateral quadriceps stimulation (12 sessions; 30 minutes/session; 3 times/week at 50 Hz and 300 µs pulse width) altering pulse amplitude to either provide low intensity sensory level (control; tingling sensation) or at high intensity neuromuscular level (NMES; maximum tolerable levels with visible muscle contraction). Glucose tolerance was assessed by three-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), substrate utilization was measured by indirect calorimetry and body composition via dual X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after four weeks of NMES intervention. Results: Control and NMES groups had comparable fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance, substrate utilization, and muscle mass at baseline. Four weeks of NMES resulted in a significant improvement in glucose tolerance measured by OGTT, whereas no change was observed in control group. There was no change in substrate utilization and in muscle mass in both control and NMES groups. Conclusion: NMES is a novel and effective strategy to improve glucose tolerance in an at-risk overweight or obese sedentary population.

Antidiabetic Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Ficus glomerata (L.) Roots

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Mohini C. Upadhye ◽  
Uday Deokate ◽  
Rohini Pujari ◽  
Vishnu Thakare
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Ficus Glomerata

Background: Ficus glomerata (F. glomerata) Linn. Family Moraceace is a large tree found all over India including outer Himalayan ranges, Punjab, Chota Nagpur, Bihar, Orissa, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Deccan and also as a common plant in South India. It is planted around the home and temples. It is cultivated throughout the year, distributed in evergreen forests and moist localities. Objective: The Ethanolic Extract of roots of F. Glomerata (EEFG) belonging to the family Moraceace, was investigated for its antidiabetic activity using alloxan induced diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty rats were divided into 5 groups having 6 rats in each group. The alloxan was administered to the rats of all groups except normal control group through intraperitoneal route at a concentration of 140mg/kg body weight. A dose of 100mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight of EEFG was administered to alloxan induced diabetic rats. The administration of the extract was lasted for 11 days. Effectiveness of the extract on glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and high density lipoprotein and protein concentrations was analyzed. Results: Significant (p<0.05) reduction in the levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride of the diabetic rats was observed after treatment with ethanolic extract. After subjecting to oral glucose tolerance test EEFG also showed significant improvement in glucose tolerance. Conclusion: F. glomerata root ethanolic extract showed that it possesses antidiabetic effect and can be found useful for the management of diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Tail suspension is useful as a sarcopenia model in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Nemoto ◽  
Toru Goyagi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Simple Method

Abstract Background Sarcopenia promotes skeletal muscle atrophy and exhibits a high mortality rate. Its elucidation is of the highest clinical importance, but an animal experimental model remains controversial. In this study, we investigated a simple method for studying sarcopenia in rats. Results Muscle atrophy was investigated in 24-week-old, male, tail-suspended (TS), Sprague Dawley and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Age-matched SD rats were used as a control group. The skeletal muscle mass weight, muscle contraction, whole body tension (WBT), cross-sectional area (CSA), and Muscle RING finger-1 (MuRF-1) were assessed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate the MuRF-1 levels. Two muscles, the extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles, were selected for representing fast and slow muscles, respectively. All data, except CSA, were analyzed by a one-way analysis of variance, whereas CSA was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Muscle mass weight, muscle contraction, WBT, and CSA were significantly lower in the SHR (n = 7) and TS (n = 7) groups than in the control group, whereas MuRF-1 expression was dominant. Conclusions TS and SHR presented sarcopenic phenotypes in terms of muscle mass, muscle contraction and CSA. TS is a useful technique for providing muscle mass atrophy and weakness in an experimental model of sarcopenia in rats.

scholarly journals Chronic peptide-based GIP receptor inhibition exhibits modest glucose metabolic changes in mice when administered either alone or combined with GLP-1 agonism

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0249239
Author(s):  
Jason A. West ◽  
Anastasia Tsakmaki ◽  
Soumitra S. Ghosh ◽  
David G. Parkes ◽  
Rikke V. Grønlund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Dual Therapy ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Gip Receptor

Combinatorial gut hormone therapy is one of the more promising strategies for identifying improved treatments for metabolic disease. Many approaches combine the established benefits of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonism with one or more additional molecules with the aim of improving metabolic outcomes. Recent attention has been drawn to the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) system due to compelling pre-clinical evidence describing the metabolic benefits of antagonising the GIP receptor (GIPR). We rationalised that benefit might be accrued from combining GIPR antagonism with GLP-1 agonism. Two GIPR peptide antagonists, GIPA-1 (mouse GIP(3–30)NH2) and GIPA-2 (NαAc-K10[γEγE-C16]-Arg18-hGIP(5–42)), were pharmacologically characterised and both exhibited potent antagonist properties. Acute in vivo administration of GIPA-1 during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) had negligible effects on glucose tolerance and insulin in lean mice. In contrast, GIPA-2 impaired glucose tolerance and attenuated circulating insulin levels. A mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO) was used to investigate the potential metabolic benefits of chronic dosing of each antagonist, alone or in combination with liraglutide. Chronic administration studies showed expected effects of liraglutide, lowering food intake, body weight, fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations while improving glucose sensitivity, whereas delivery of either GIPR antagonist alone had negligible effects on these parameters. Interestingly, chronic dual therapy augmented insulin sensitizing effects and lowered plasma triglycerides and free-fatty acids, with more notable effects observed with GIPA-1 compared to GIPA-2. Thus, the co-administration of both a GIPR antagonist with a GLP1 agonist uncovers interesting beneficial effects on measures of insulin sensitivity, circulating lipids and certain adipose stores that seem influenced by the degree or nature of GIP receptor antagonism.

scholarly journals GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 462-468
Author(s):  
M. IKRAM ◽  
SYED HAIDER HASAN ALAM ◽  
SHAFQAT MUKHTAR ◽  
M. Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus is common disorder in pregnancy. It is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. There is no consensus regarding the optimal approach to screening of gestational diabetes mellitus. The present study has tried toobserve the value of fasting blood glucose in screening of gestational diabetes. Objective: To determine the frequency of patients in whomfasting blood glucose and 100gm glucose tolerance show agreement for screening of gestational diabetes mellitus at 24 -28 wks. Studydesign: Comparative cross sectional study. Settings: The study was conducted at Gynecology and Obstetrics department Shaikh ZayedFederal Post Graduate Institute Lahore. Duration of study with dates: 6 months from 12Nov 2010 to 11 May 2011. Material and method: Thestudy included 135 booked patients with positive family history of diabetes mellitus. All patients underwent fasting blood glucose at 24-28 weeksof gestation, regardless of results of fasting blood glucose on next visit they underwent 100g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The agreementbetween fasting blood glucose and 100g oral glucose tolerance test was calculated in frequency and percentages. Results: The mean age ofwomen in studied population was 27.15±3.70.Out of 135 patients 86.7 %( 117) showed agreement between results of fasting blood glucose and100g OGTT while 13.31 %( 18) showed no agreement between both of the tests. Conclusions: Fasting blood glucose is a good screeningoption for gestational diabetes mellitus along with positive history. It provides a simple, cheap and more practical test for screening of gestationaldiabetes mellitus. However diagnostic confirmation with 100g OGTT should be done.

scholarly journals Compound Danshen Dripping Pills Prevented Leptin Deficiency-Induced Hepatic ER Stress, Stimulated Autophagy, and Improved Insulin Resistance of ob/ob Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yanan Shi ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
Jihong Yuan ◽  
Lihui Yan ◽  
Zhenfeng Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Signal Sensitivity

Compound Danshen dripping pills (CDDP) is widely used for the treatment of coronary arteriosclerosis and ischemic heart diseases for decades of years. In our study, we interestingly discovered the effects and mechanism of CDDP on insulin resistance that increase the risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. Effects of CDDP on fasting blood glucose, the insulin tolerance test (ITT), the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), hepatic function, and underlying mechanism were analyzed in ob/ob mice. CDDP was found improving the impaired insulin signal sensitivity of ob/ob mice by ameliorating insulin and glucose tolerance, improving hepatic phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate-1 on Ser 307 (pIRS1) of ob/ob mice, and restoring hepatic function by decreasing serum ALT and AST, which increased in ob/ob mice serum. Decreasing hepatic phosphorylation of pancreatic ER kinase (PERK) and inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1) regulating hepatic ER stress in the liver of ob/ob mice were increased by CDDP. Furthermore, CDDP was also found stimulating ob/ob mice hepatic autophagy by increasing the expression of Beclin1 and LC3B, while decreasing P62 expression. Our study discovered an important role of CDDP on improving ob/ob mice insulin resistance and liver function probably through relieving hepatic ER stress and stimulating hepatic autophagy, which would broaden the application value and provide more benefits for treating cardiovascular patients. This trial is registered with NCT01659580.

scholarly journals Elevated Circulating Fetuin-B Levels Are Associated with Insulin Resistance and Reduced by GLP-1RA in Newly Diagnosed PCOS Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mani Mokou ◽  
Shan Yang ◽  
Bin Zhan ◽  
Shan Geng ◽  
Kejia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Tnf Α

Background. Previous studies have suggested that Fetuin-B seems to be a secreted adipokine related to metabolic diseases. However, the results have been inconsistent. Here, our objective is to investigate the changes in circulating Fetuin-B levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and analyze the association of Fetuin-B and insulin resistance (IR). Methods. The current study is comprised of a cross-sectional study and a series of interventional studies. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) were engaged to assess glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Serum Fetuin-B levels were determined by ELISA. Results. Serum Fetuin-B and TNF-α levels were markedly increased in women with PCOS compared to healthy women. Circulating Fetuin-B was positively associated with body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, the percentage of body fat (FAT%), systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, 2 h blood glucose after glucose overload, fasting insulin, 2 h insulin after glucose overload, HOMA-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), the area under the curve for insulin (AUCi), AUCg, and TNF-α, while negatively associated with M value and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH). During the EHC, Fetuin-B levels were found to be significantly increased in PCOS women. After a glucose challenge, serum Fetuin-B levels in healthy women were significantly increased. Lipid infusion reduced serum Fetuin-B levels in 30 healthy subjects. After six months of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) intervention, serum Fetuin-B concentrations in PCOS women markedly decreased following ameliorated IR. Conclusion. Our results indicate that Fetuin-B may be a biomarker of IR in individuals with PCOS. This trial is registered with ChiCTR-IIR-16007901.

scholarly journals Metabolic phenotype in Darier disease: a cross-sectional clinical study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Ahanian ◽  
Philip Curman ◽  
Ivone U. S. Leong ◽  
Kerstin Brismar ◽  
Etty Bachar-Wikstrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Human data supporting a role for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and calcium dyshomeostasis in diabetes is scarce. Darier disease (DD) is a hereditary skin disease caused by mutations in the ATP2A2 gene encoding the sarcoendoplasmic-reticulum ATPase 2 (SERCA2) calcium pump, which causes calcium dyshomeostasis and ER stress. We hypothesize that DD patients have a diabetes-like metabolic phenotype and the objective of this study was to examine the association between DD with impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes. Methods Cross-sectional clinical study on 25 DD patients and 25 matched controls. Metabolic status was assessed primarily by fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, HOMA2-%S (insulin resistence) and HOMA2-%B (beta cell function). Results DD subjects showed normal oral glucose tolerance test and HOMA2-%S, while fasting blood glucose was lower and c-peptide as well as HOMA2-%B was higher. Conclusion Increased HOMA2-%B values are indicative of increased basal insulin secretion which is a type of beta cell dysfunction associated to diabetes development. These results supports a role of ER stress in diabetes pathophysiology and contribute to the understanding of DD as a multi-organ syndrome.

Combined effect of cigarette smoking and prediabetes on structural and functional changes of large arteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Ioakeimidis ◽  
I Dima ◽  
D Terentes-Printzios ◽  
C Georgakopoulos ◽  
A Angelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Large Arteries

Abstract Purpose Smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and prediabetes is associated with excess risks for adverse cardiovascular outcomes and death. Aim of this study was to explore whether smoking and prediabetes exert a synergistic unfavourable effect on functional and structural parameters of large arteries. Methods We measured carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), augmentation index (AIx) and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) in 407 individuals without known atherosclerotic disease (mean age: 52±8 years) categorized into four age-matched groups according to glucose metabolic and smoking status: Smokers with diabetes (n=68), Smokers with prediabetes (n=87), Non-smokers with prediabetes (n=98) and Non- smokers with normal fasting blood glucose (FBG) (n=154). Prediabetes was defined as impaired fasting glucose (100–125 mg/dL), impaired glucose tolerance (2-hour glucose level of 140–199 mg/dL during an oral glucose tolerance test), or glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of 5.7% to 6.4%. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was measured in all patients. Results Systolic pressure, pulse pressure were increased and hsCRP levels were higher in smokers with diabetes compared to the three other groups (overall P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.01 and P&lt;0.05, respectively, ANOVA). The cumulative tobacco exposure (measured in pack-years) was similar between smokers with diabetes and smokers with prediabetes (45 pack-years). Figure 1 shows cfPWV, AIx and cIMT of the four groups. Interestingly, smokers with diabetes and smokers with prediabetes have similar mean cfPWV and cIMT and significantly higher values compared to non-smokers with prediabetes and non-smokers with normal FBG. The associations remained statistically significant even after adjusting for systolic pressure and hsCRP level. AIx was not different between the four study groups. Conclusion The combination of prediabetes and smoking is associated with higher cfPWV and cIMT values compared to prediabetes alone. The smokers with impaired glucose regulation have functional and structural alterations of large arteries similar to that of smokers with established diabetes. Considering the risk for developing prediabetes in relation to smoking status and the number of cigarettes smoked daily and the independent predictive value of assessing vascular changes in large arteries, the present findings may have important clinical and prognostic implications. Figure 1. Smoking, prediabetes and vascular changes Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Prediabetes Induced by Fructose-Enriched Diet Influences Cardiac Lipidome and Proteome and Leads to Deterioration of Cardiac Function prior to the Development of Excessive Oxidative Stress and Cell Damage

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gergő Szűcs ◽  
Andrea Sója ◽  
Mária Péter ◽  
Márta Sárközy ◽  
Bella Bruszel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Measurement ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Prediabetes is a condition affecting more than 35% of the population. In some forms, excessive carbohydrate intake (primarily refined sugar) plays a prominent role. Prediabetes is a symptomless, mostly unrecognized disease which increases cardiovascular risk. In our work, we examined the effect of a fructose-enriched diet on cardiac function and lipidome as well as proteome of cardiac muscle. Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups. The control group received a normal diet while the fructose-fed group received 60% fructose-supplemented chow for 24 weeks. Fasting blood glucose measurement and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) showed slightly but significantly elevated values due to fructose feeding indicating development of a prediabetic condition. Both echocardiography and isolated working heart perfusion performed at the end of the feeding protocol demonstrated diastolic cardiac dysfunction in the fructose-fed group. Mass spectrometry-based, high-performance lipidomic and proteomic analyses were executed from cardiac tissue. The lipidomic analysis revealed complex rearrangement of the whole lipidome with special emphasis on defects in cardiolipin remodeling. The proteomic analysis showed significant changes in 75 cardiac proteins due to fructose feeding including mitochondria-, apoptosis-, and oxidative stress-related proteins. Nevertheless, just very weak or no signs of apoptosis induction and oxidative stress were detected in the hearts of fructose-fed rats. Our results suggest that fructose feeding induces marked alterations in the cardiac lipidome, especially in cardiolipin remodeling, which leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired cardiac function. However, at the same time, several adaptive responses are induced at the proteome level in order to maintain a homeostatic balance. These findings demonstrate that even very early stages of prediabetes can impair cardiac function and can result in significant changes in the lipidome and proteome of the heart prior to the development of excessive oxidative stress and cell damage.

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