scholarly journals Comparación ultrasonográfica transvaginal y transrectal de la dinámica folicular en ondas sucesivas de llamas (Lama glama)

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. e19504
Author(s):  
Uri Perez G. ◽  
David Pari P. ◽  
Fidel Gutierrez Y. ◽  
Julio Málaga A. ◽  
Natalio Luque M. ◽  
...  

La dinámica folicular ovárica monitoreada por vía transrectal (TR) y transvaginal (TV) en ondas sucesivas en llamas fue estudiada en 10 llamas con más de 4 años, multíparas, sin cría, estado corporal de 3.0, durante un periodo de 90 días en la época reproductiva. Se utilizó el ecógrafo Sonostar SS8® con un transductor lineal para el examen transrectal y transductor microconvexo endocavitario para el examen transvaginal, ambos con frecuencia de 6.5 MHz. El intervalo inter-onda fue de 20±4.4 y 22.5±5.3 por vía TR y TV, respectivamente; el número de folículos por cohorte fue 5.21±0.92 y 6.38±1.26 para TR y TV, respectivamente (p=0.0011); el diámetro máximo de folículos fue 12.49±3.57 mm para TR y 13.56±3.91 mm para TV; la tasa de crecimiento fue de 0.70±0.35 y 0.67±0.32 mm/día para TR y TV, respectivamente. La ecuación de regresión para relación del diámetro máximo folicular y duración de onda folicular vía TR fue de y=0.89766x+6.5554 (R²=0.423) y para la vía TV de y=0.8466x+10.184 (R²=0.479). La duración de las fases foliculares fue similar entre ambas técnicas con excepción de la fase de dominancia (10.2±3.19 días para TR y 8.67±2.46 para TV, p=0.0418). La relación entre el diámetro folicular y número de folículos detectados presentó una correlación negativa baja (R²=-0.0827 para TV y R²=-0.0876 para TR). En conclusión, el transductor endocavitario transvaginal permite determinar con mayor precisión las características de dinámica folicular en llamas en sus fases de reclutamiento, dominancia y regresión con sobreposición de ondas foliculares como característica importante.The ovarian follicular dynamics monitored by transrectal (TR) and transvaginal (TV) routes in successive waves was studied in 10 llamas older than 4 years, multiparous, without calves at foot, body condition of 3.0, during a period of 90 days in the reproductive season. The Sonostar SS8® ultrasound equipment was used with a linear transducer for transrectal examination and endocavitary microconvex transducer for transvaginal examination, both with a frequency of 6.5 MHz. The inter-wave interval was 20 ± 4.4 and 22.5 ± 5.3 via TR and VT, respectively; the number of follicles per cohort was 5.21 ± 0.92 and 6.38 ± 1.26 for TR and TV, respectively (p=0.0011); the maximum diameter of follicles was 12.49 ± 3.57 mm for TR and 13.56 ± 3.91 mm for TV; the growth rate was 0.70 ± 0.35 and 0.67 ± 0.32 mm/day for TR and TV, respectively. The regression equation for the ratio of the maximum follicular diameter and duration of follicular wave via TR was y=0.89766x+6.5554 (R²=0.423) and for the TV route y=0.8466x+10.184 (R²=0.479). The duration of the follicular phases was similar between both techniques except for the dominance phase (10.2±3.19 days for TR and 8.67±2.46 for TV, p=0.0418). The relationship between the follicular diameter and the number of follicles detected showed a low negative correlation (R²=-0.0827 for TV and R²=-0.0876 for TR). In conclusion, the transvaginal endocavitary transducer makes it possible to determine with greater precision the characteristics of llama follicular dynamics in their recruitment, dominance and regression phases with overlapping of follicular waves as an important characteristic.

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. Derar ◽  
H. A. Hussein

The objective of the current study was to describe follicular dynamics in Egyptian Jennies throughout the estrous cycle. In this experiment, 8 estrus cycles in 8 cyclic Jennies were studied from February to June using ultrasonography. The result revealed that one follicular wave per cycle was recorded throughout the studied period. Dominant follicle (DF) was firstly detected at day in Jennies. The growth rate of DF was  mm/day. Left ovulations were nonsignificantly () more than right ovulations (55.6% versus 44.6%). The CL was firstly detected at D , developed in a rate of  mm/day, reached a maximum diameter of  mm at D , and started to regress on D with a mean regression rate of  mm d-1. Results of the present study indicated that Jennies had one follicular wave per cycle. The Day of the cycle has a significant effect on the number of different classes of the ovarian follicles, but not large ones. Ultrasonographic characteristics of the preovulatory follicles could be useful to predict ovulation. CL developed and regressed in a slow rate.


1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Adams ◽  
K. Kot ◽  
C. A. Smith ◽  
O. J. Ginther

The relationship between a dominant follicle of a follicular wave and the suppression of subordinate follicles was studied during the first postovulatory wave (Wave 1) in Holstein heifers. The dominant follicle (largest follicle) was cauterized or a sham-operation was done on day 3 (day 0 = ovulation) using seven heifers per group. In the cautery group, compared to the controls, the largest subordinate follicle attained a larger diameter (11 7 vs 8 0 mm; P < 0.01), reached maximum diameter at a later day (day 9.2 vs. day 3.1; P < 0 01) and began to regress at a later day (day 14.3 vs. day 5.7; P < 0.01). In addition, the emergence of Wave 2 was hastened (day 6.4 vs. day 9.3; P < 0.05) and more heifers had more than two waves per interovulatory interval (5 of 6 vs. 2 of 7; P < 0.05). In heifers with the dominant follicle eliminated, the largest subordinate grew to the diameter of a dominant follicle during Wave 1 (n = 3) or became the dominant follicle of a newly emerged wave (n = 2). A subordinate sometimes persisted as a small follicle (e.g., 5 mm) for several days before resurging. However, it was not convincingly demonstrated that a subordinate follicle could resurge after it had begun to regress (decrease in diameter). Results supported the hypothesis that suppression of subordinate follicles is a prolonged process, so that resurgence of a subordinate can occur if the dominant follicle is removed. Key words: Ovaries, follicular waves, selection, cattle, cauterization


2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2161
Author(s):  
P. Yama ◽  
T. Moonmanee ◽  
M. Osathanunkul ◽  
J. Jitjumnong ◽  
W. Karaphuak

The present study aims to determine the impact of differences in the locational relationship between the previous corpus luteum (CL) and the further ovulatory follicle (OF) on follicular dynamics and progesterone (P4) concentrations in Thai indigenous beef cows (White Lamphun) exhibiting two follicular waves. Twenty-one cows, exhibiting the two-wave follicular pattern, were studied through interovulatory intervals (IOI), and classified according to the relationship between the previous CL and the further OF on the cattle model ovaries. Classifications were outlined as either an ipsilateral (same ovary) relationship (n = 12), or a contralateral (opposite ovaries) relationship (n = 9). Ultrasound monitoring, which evaluated the follicular diameter, and collection of blood for determining the P4 concentration were performed each day throughout the IOI. The IOI was longer (P &lt; 0.05) in the contralateral cows than in the ipsilateral cows (19.7 ± 0.33 days vs 18.5 ± 0.29 days). Cows with an ipsilateral relationship were found to have further OFs with greater (P &lt; 0.05) diameters than were cows with a contralateral relationship (13.9 ± 0.31 mm vs 12.1 ± 0.21 mm). The mean growth rate of the further OF was greater (P = 0.05) in the ipsilateral cows than in the contralateral cows (1.1 ± 0.11 mm/day vs 0.8 ± 0.04 mm/day). On Day 17 of the IOI, the ipsilateral cows demonstrated their lowest concentration of P4 (P &lt; 0.05). On Day 18 of the IOI, the concentrations of P4 tended to be lower (P = 0.09) in the ipsilateral cows than in the contralateral cows (0.6 ± 0.04 ng/mL vs 1.1 ± 0.12 ng/mL). The interval from the luteinisation until the end of the luteolysis was longer (P &lt; 0.05) in the contralateral group than in the ipsilateral group (18.5 ± 0.50 days vs 16.7 ± 0.33 days). Thus, we conclude that in Thai indigenous beef cows, the growth rate and diameter of the further OF during luteolysis increases more in the ipsilateral relationship than in the contralateral relationship.


Reproduction ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Viñoles ◽  
B Paganoni ◽  
K M M Glover ◽  
J T B Milton ◽  
D Blache ◽  
...  

We have developed an experimental model in which groups of ewes are simultaneously experiencing the first ovarian follicular wave of their oestrous cycle. We used this ‘first-wave model’ in a 2×2 factorial experiment (ten ewes per group) to study the effect of body condition (BC) and a short-term supplement on follicular dynamics and ovulation rate. The ‘first-wave’ was established by giving ewes three injections of prostaglandin (PG), 7 days apart. The 6-day supplement (lupin grain) began 2 days after the second PG injection and continued until the third. Follicles were studied by ultrasound, and blood was sampled to measure glucose and hormones. The supplement increased (P<0.01) the concentrations of glucose, insulin and leptin, decreased FSH concentrations (P<0.01) and tended to increase oestradiol concentrations (P=0.06). The supplement tended to increase the number of 3 mm follicles (P=0.06). Compared with low-BC ewes, high-BC ewes had more follicular waves (P<0.05), higher concentrations of insulin, leptin and IGF1 (P<0.05) and tended to have higher FSH concentrations (P=0.09). Leptin and insulin concentrations remained high until the end of supplementation in high-BC ewes, whereas they decreased after the third day of supplementation in low-BC ewes. In conclusion, high concentrations of metabolic hormones in fat ewes are associated with the development of more follicular waves. When a supplement is superimposed on this situation, changes in glucose and metabolic hormones allow more follicles to be selected to ovulate.


2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
Branko Atanasov ◽  
Miel Hostens ◽  
Zehra Hajrulai-Musliu ◽  
Risto Uzunov ◽  
Nikola Adamov ◽  
...  

AbstractThe objectives of the present study were to examine the fatty acid (FA) profiles in serum and in the follicular fluid (FF) and the association between polyunsaturated fatty acid level (PUFA) and follicular growth dynamics following induced luteolysis in dairy cows. A total of 29 dairy cows (CL>25mm, follicle≈15mm) at d0 (start of the experiment) were submitted to ultrasound guided transvaginal follicular aspiration for FF collection from the largest follicle and were injected with 500 μg of cloprostenol. The cows were subdivided into Group A1 (n=11) and Group A2 (n=8) resuming follicular growth either from a secondary follicle less than or larger than 8.5mm, respectively, present at the moment of aspiration and Group A0 (n=10) not resuming follicular growth. Follicular development was monitored daily by ultrasonography until the next dominant follicle reached ≈15mm and was subsequently punctured in Group A1 and A2 (d1). Serum and FF samples for FA determination were taken at d0 from all cows and at d1 in Group A1 and A2. No differences were observed between the FA profile in serum nor in FF between sampling days. Regarding the PUFA levels, the serum linoleic acid (C18:2n6) levels at d0 and d1 were significantly higher than in FF, while alpha linolenic acid (C18:3n3) was lower in the serum than in FF, both at d0 and d1. At d0, a tendency for negative correlation between serum and the FF C18:2n6 with subsequent daily follicular growth rate was observed, while, at d1 there was a strong negative correlation between the serum C18:2n6 and daily growth rate (r=−0.71; p=0.0006). The present study revealed similarities of the FA profiles in the serum and in the FF and association between serum and FF PUFA content with the follicular dynamics after induced luteolysis.


2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Viñoles ◽  
L. J. Harris ◽  
M. Forsberg ◽  
G. Banchero ◽  
E. Rubianes

AbstractIn this investigation we tested the hypothesis that static body condition (BC) of the ewe affects oestradiol and FSH with implications for subsequent follicular growth and turn-over. Sixteen Polwarth ewes were selected from a flock according to their BC score (scale: 1 emaciated; 5 obese). High BC (HBC) ewes (no. = 8) had a BC score of 4·1 (s.e. 0·1) and low BC (LBC) ewes (no. = 8) had a BC score of 1·9 (s.e. 0·1). Daily ultrasound examinations were performed and blood samples for progesterone, oestradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) determination were collected. All HBC ewes (8/8) exhibited three waves of follicular development, while four LBC ewes (4/8) had two waves and the other four (4/8) had three waves of follicular development (P ≤ 0·05) during the interovulatory period. Overall, the emergences of 33 out of 44 follicular waves were preceded by significant increases in FSH concentrations. Maximum FSH concentrations were detected 0·9 ± 0·2 days before wave emergence. Oestradiol concentrations increased significantly during the growing phase in 38 out of 44 large follicles. A negative correlation between oestradiol and FSH was observed in HBC ewes. A similar inhibitory effect of oestradiol on FSH was observed in LBC ewes, irrespective of whether they developed two or three follicular waves. However, a longer period with high FSH was needed to promote the emergence of the second follicular wave in two-wave LBC ewes. Four HBC ewes had twin ovulations but no LBC ewes did (P ≤ 0·05). In HBC ewes, the follicular phase was characterized by lower oestradiol (6·5 (s.e. 1·0) pmol/l) but higher mean FSH concentrations (2·4 (s.e.0·4) μg/l) than in LBC ewes (8·9 (s.e. 1·2) pmol/l and 2·0 (s.e. 0·3) μg/l, respectively; P ≤ 0·05). The present results suggest that BC influences the pattern of follicular dynamics through changes in the endocrine milieu. Higher FSH concentrations during the follicular phase in HBC ewes, which allowed an extended period of follicular recruitment from a significantly larger pool of small antral follicles could explain the higher ovulation rate observed in this group.


2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
M. E. F. Oliveira ◽  
C. C. D'Amato ◽  
L. G. Oliveira ◽  
S. D. Bicudo ◽  
J. F. Fonseca ◽  
...  

This study was designed to investigate if the superovulatory response and embryo yield in Santa Ines ewes are influenced by the time that FSH treatments are inititiated: near the emergence of the first or last follicular wave of a progesterone-based (P4) protocol. Days of emergence of the follicular waves was defined in a previous study that evaluated follicular dynamics in oestrus synchronization treatments (Oliveira et al. 2011 Acta Sci. Vet. 40). Twenty Santa Ines cyclic ewes were submitted to 2 superovulatory protocols according to the time that FSH treatments were initiated (G-first wave, n = 10 and G-last wave, n = 10). Thus, the FSH treatment started on Day 4 and 10 of protocol for G-first and G-last, respectively (Day 0 = onset of protocol). Ewes were treated with a P4 device (CIDR®; Pfizer-New Zealand) for 6 and 12 days for G-first and G-last, respectively. Additionally, in G-last, the CIDR was replaced by a new one on Day 7. All ewes received 2 injections of 37.5 μg of D-cloprostenol (Prolise®, Arsa-Argentina) on Day 0 and at CIDR removal. The superovulatory regimen consisted of 8 IM injections of pFSH (Folltropin®; Bioniche Animal Health, Belleville, Ontario, Canada) administrated twice daily (40, 40, 30, 30, 20, 20, 10 and 10 mg of porcine FSH). A single IM dose of 200 IU of eCG (Novormon®, Syntex, Buenos Aires, Argentina) was given concurrently with CIDR removal. Ewes were mated by a fertile ram. Embryo collections were accomplished 7 days after CIDR removal. The superovulatory response was classified in scores: (0) 4 or fewer corpora lutea (CL); (1) between 5 and 10 CL and (2) 11 or more CL. Means (± SD) were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test and percentages using Chi-square (P < 0.05). Most donors (70%, 7/10) from G-last had a superovulatory response classified as score 2 and the remainder (30%, 3/10) as score 1, whereas half of ewes from G-first were classified as score 2 and half as score 1 (P > 0.05).There was no effect between treatments (P > 0.05) for ovulation rate (G-first: 90.7 ± 10.2% vs G-last: 93.0 ± 7.2%), number of ovulations (G-first: 13.1 ± 7.3 vs G-last: 14.0 ± 5.8), or number of luteinized unovulated follicles (G-first: 1.4 ± 1.3 vs G-last: 0.9 ± 1.0). Furthermore, there was no effect between G-first and G-last (P > 0.05) in the rate of ova/embryos recovered (55.1 ± 27.1% vs 67.0 ± 19.4%), mean number of ova/embryos recovered (7.0 ± 5.5 vs 9.1 ± 3.8), number of viable embryos (3.9 ± 6.1 vs 5.7 ± 4.4), or viability rate (49.1 ± 43.7 vs 58.5 ± 34.6). In conclusion, superovulatory response and embryo yield did not differ between FSH treatments initiated during the first or last follicular wave of a progesterone-based treatment in Santa Ines ewes. Financial support of FAPESP is acknowledged.


2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 562-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rajmon ◽  
J. Šichtař ◽  
L. Vostrý ◽  
D. Řehák

The indicators of follicle development with regard to the growth wave order, the first ovulation, animal parity, and also with regard to the simultaneous presence or absence of a follicular cyst were determined in cows in the course of 60 days postpartum. Follicular dynamics were monitored daily by ultrasonography. The animals were assigned to three groups based on the time of the 1<sup>st</sup> ovulation: G1 (n = 9) &ndash; the 1<sup>st</sup> dominant follicle (DF) ovulated, G2 (n = 10) &ndash; ovulation occurred on the 2<sup>nd</sup> or later follicular waves, and G3 (n = 5) &ndash; no ovulation occurred during the experimental period. G1 animals showed better fertility later (no cyst, less days open, P = 0.07, less hormonal treatment, P = 0.008). The rhythm of follicular wave development was generally similar in all the animals (based on emergence of the first follicular wave, the interval from emergence to deviation, and the number of all follicular waves). Nevertheless, emergence of follicular waves and deviation occurred by 0.5&ndash;0.9 day earlier in primiparous than in multiparous cows and in G1 vs. G2, or G3, respectively (in all P &lt; 0.05). DF development was independent of parity as well as group effects, but the maximum size and growth rate (1.2 vs. 0.8 cm/day, P &lt; 0.05) were higher in ovulatory follicles (OF) than in regressive ones (rDF). The presence of a growing cyst decreased the probability of rDF as well as OF development (P &lt; 0.0001). The OF growth rate was faster in the milieu of a stagnating cyst than without any cyst (P &lt; 0.04). Therefore, the development of follicles was dramatically suppressed beyond, but nor before, deviation in the milieu of a growing cyst. Cessation of the cyst growth accelerated the development of OFs. On the contrary, a cystic structure without any significant growth can persist for weeks with no effect on successful follicular development.


2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-72
Author(s):  
Jeilu Jemal ◽  
Tamrat Degefa ◽  
Tefera Yilma ◽  
Sayid Ali ◽  
Lemma Alemayehu

The study was conducted to characterize the follicular dynamics of purebred Boran (Bos indicus) and Boran * Holstein Friesian crossbred heifers  during estrous cycles; for use in ovum pick up and in-vitro embryo production. Insight of reproductive physiology of cattle would help to understand and exploit the reproductive potential of elite animals for breed improvement. Follicular development, growth and atresia during estrous cycles were evaluated using a trans-rectal real-time B-mode ultrasound system for three consecutive estrus cycles. Luteal activity was evaluated by serum progesterone level. Follicular aspirations were done to investigate the potential of Boran cattle and their crosses for transvaginal oocyte production; using a vacuum pressure pump and Aloka SSD Prosound-2 ultrasound device. Boran heifers (n=15) manifested two (n = 6, 40%), three (n = 5, 33%), four (n= 3, 20%) and five (n=1, 6.7%) follicular waves. Crossbred heifers (n=14) showed one (n= 2, 14%), two (n= 6, 43%) and three (n= 6, 43%) follicular waves. Interovulatory interval was 21.1 ± 3.4 and 21.4 ± 2.7 days for Boran (n=45) and crossbred (n=42) heifers, respectively. The progesterone level in Boran and Crossbred heifers during diestrus was 9.5 ± 11.0 and 4.6 ± 8.8 ng/ml, respectively. The maximum diameter of the ovulatory follicle for crossbred heifers was higher (15.4 ± 1.6 mm) than the diameter of the Boran (14.0 ± 1.9 mm) heifers (p<0.005). Differences (p<0.005) were observed in the size of both right (26.6 ± 5.14 and 28.6 ± 5.1 mm) and left (21.7 ± 4.85 and 24.1 ± 5.07 mm) ovaries of Boran and Crossbred heifers, respectively. Difference (p<0.005) was also observed in follicular count of the  right ovaries of Boran (4.84 ± 1.96) and Crossbred  (5.13 ± 2.05) heifers. Oocyte recovery rate in once weekly collection scheme for Boran and their crossbred heifers was (n=19, 42.08%) and (n=17, 42.55%), respectively. The recovery rate for twice weekly collection scheme was (n=24, 34.53%) and (n=23, 40.44%) for Boran and crossbred heifers, respectively. Follicular dynamics in Boran heifers is characterized by a higher incidence of cycles with two, three and four waves, associated with a low persistence of the dominant follicles; and smaller size of ovulatory follicles and less intense heat signs from their crossbred counterpart. Boran heifers proved to have potential for comparable number of follicular population and ease of aspiration procedures that can be tapped for advancedreproductive techniques. Keywords: Estrus cycle; follicular wave; ovarian follicle; ovum pickup; ultrasound.


2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
J.H.M. Viana ◽  
G.T.R.M. Coutinho ◽  
M.P. Palhao ◽  
L.S.A. Camargo ◽  
W.F. Sa ◽  
...  

Follicular dynamics of Zebu Cattle are characterized by lower maximum diameter and persistence of dominant follicles, when compared to European breeds. However, the main effects of follicular dominance on subordinated follicle population, and consequently on oocyte recovery and embryo production, have been shown to be similar among breeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dominant follicle establishment period, indicated by follicle divergence, in Zebu cows. Pluriparous, non-lactating Guzera breed (Bos indicus) cows (n=5), presenting a mean body weight of 518.0±48.5kg and similar body score condition (ranging from 3.5 to 4, in a 1 to 5 scale), were used. In a first trial, follicular dynamics were evaluated daily during 1 (n=2) or 2 (n=3) estrous cycles, using a portable ultrasound device equipped with a linear rectal 5MHz transducer (Aloka SSD500, Aloka Co., Tokyo, Japan). In a second trial, estrous cycles were synchronized using progesterone intravaginal-releasing devices (CIDR, Pharmacia, Sao Paulo, Brazil), and follicular dynamics were evaluated every 6h after ovulation, during the first follicular wave, until the largest follicle achieved a diameter of 10mm. During each evaluation ovaries were mapped, and evolution of follicles followed individually. Data are normalized for the moment of follicular divergence, and analyzed by ANOVA. Results are presented as mean±SD. Data from the first evaluations confirmed the occurrence of cycles with three (4/8) and four (1/8) follicular waves, despite a mean cycle length of 19.1±1.9 days, with a maximum diameter of 11.6±2.4mm for non-ovulatory follicles, and 14.4±0.5mm for ovulatory follicles. Follicular deviation during the first follicular wave occurred 49.2±5.0h after ovulation, when the largest follicle presented a diameter of 7.3±0.6mm, and the second largest follicle 6.8±0.7mm. Growth rates of the dominant and the largest subordinated follicles were similar before (0.35mm/6h vs. 0.33mm/6h, respectively;; P&gt;0.05), but significantly different after deviation (0.52mm 6h v. −0.04mm 6h; P&lt;0.05). These results shows that the lower maximum diameter and persistence of dominant follicles, in Zebu cattle, is partially compensated by an earlier dominant follicle deviation.


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