scholarly journals Heroin Smuggling in Serbia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Nenad Radović
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Illegal Drugs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Heroin Users ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Criminal Groups

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] Drug trafficking is a very lucrative criminal activity, with a growing number of organized criminal groups from the Balkans. According to Europol’s report, about 5000 organized criminal groups are active in the European Union.2 According to the results of the National survey on the lifestyles of the citizens in the Republic of Serbia in 2014, the use of psychoactive substances and games of chance and illegal drug use at least once during a lifetime was recorded at 8.0% of the total population aged 18 to 64 (10.8% of males and 5.2% of females), with greater prevalence (12.8%) in the younger adult population aged 18 to 34. The number of heroin users who inject drugs in Serbia is between 10 000 and 25 000. The main estimated number is 20 000 heroin users who inject drugs, i.e., 0.4% of the population aged 15 to 64. Based on the analysis of data on drug-related deaths, it can be noted that there has been a decline in the number of deaths in the past five years, and most of these cases are related to opiates. In the territory of the Republic of Serbia, the production of heroin has not been recorded, and that gives trafficking a greater primacy, which is supported by the fact that high quality heroin is further trafficked in the form of a base that is mixed with other substances (paracetamol, caffeine, sugar etc.). In this way, such a high degree of purity of heroin allows the members of criminal groups to increase the quantity of narcotics by mixing substances suitable for this and, in that way, achieve greater profits. The most commonly used illegal drug among the adult population is cannabis (marijuana and hashish), and the use of the mentioned drugs has been recorded at least once during a lifetime in 7.7% of subjects aged 18 to 64 (10.4% of men and 4.9% of women). The use of other illegal drugs is very rare; 1.6% of questioned individuals (2.5% of the population aged 18 to 34) have used other illegal drugs.

scholarly journals THE RESURGENCE OF NATIONALISM: THE BREAKUP OF YUGOSLAVIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Sergey Asaturov ◽  
Andrei Martynov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Balkan Wars ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Balkan States ◽  
The Eu

The choice between modern nation-building and integration into supranational European and Euro-Atlantic structures remains a strategic challenge for the Balkan countries. Success in solving this problem of predominantly mono-ethnic Croatia and Slovenia has not yet become a model to follow. Serbian and Albanian national issues cannot be resolved. Serbia's defeat in the Balkan wars of 1991–1999 over the creation of a "Greater Serbia" led to the country's territorial fragmentation. Two Albanian national states emerged in the Balkans. Attempts to create a union of Kosovo and Albania could turn the region into a whirlpool of ultra-nationalist contradictions. The European Union has started accession negotiations with Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republic of Northern Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro. The success of these negotiations depends on the readiness of the EU and the ability of these Balkan states to adopt European norms and rules. The accession of all Balkan nation-states to the European Union must finally close the "Balkan window" of the vulnerability of the united Europe. Nation-building in the Balkans on the basis of ethnic nationalism sharply contradicts the purpose and current values of the European integration process. For more than three decades, the EU has been pursuing a policy of human rights, the rule of law, democracy and economic development in the Balkans. The region remains vulnerable to the influences of non-European geopolitical powers: the United States, Russia, Turkey, and China. The further scenario of the great Balkan geopolitical game mainly depends on the pro-European national consolidation of the Balkan peoples and the effectiveness of the European Union's strategy in the Balkans.

scholarly journals The Republic of North Macedonia - A 'new' country in the Western Balkans

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-107
Author(s):  
Mira Šorović
Keyword(s):  
The European Union ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Regional Politics ◽  
European Continent ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The North ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Real Picture

Abstract The article tries to explain and define political processes and changes trhough history of the 'new' Western Balkans country - the Republic of North Macedonia. It is word about analysis of the political dispute between Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) and Greece, from its biginnings until the present day. This paper will try to give the real picture of political area in the Balkans and explore deeper roots of the 'Macedonian Question' controversy. Also, it will give the explinations of the resolution of 27-year dispute, (between the two neighbor countries), by signing the Prespa Agreement. Hence, leaving by side national identity and history, the North Macedonia will be able to join the European Union and NATO. Thus, in short period of time, a 'new' country in the Western Balkans has putted in the center of the regional politics, with clear purpose: promoting ethnic and cultural heritance in the edge of the European continent.

ON THE POST-SOCIALIST PATH OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS AND THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 269-289
Author(s):  
Anna Dyrina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Federal States ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Eu

The article examines the current state of affairs in Belarus and Serbia - two countries that previously were parts of the socialist federal states, but currently belong to the regions of Eastern Europe and the Balkans/South-Eastern Europe, respectively. The first part of the article is devoted to Belarusian-Serbian relations. Political cooperation is developing at the presidential, governmental and parliamentary levels, and interaction is also carried out at the level of various departments, regions and cities. For Serbia, the support from Belarus on the international scene is important, in particular, in the issue of the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Serbia. The second part of the article is devoted to Serbia’s relations with the EU and the countries of the Adriatic Euroregion. On December 22, 2009 Serbia applied for EU membership. Despite the significant progress in the negotiations, Serbia has not yet become one of the EU member states. The third part of the article analyzes relations between Belarus and its neighbors, as well as cooperation with the EU. The European Union is the second most important market for Belarusian exports (after Russia). The main trading partners of Belarus among European countries, based on the indicators of bilateral trade in 2019, are Germany, Poland, Great Britain, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Italy, Turkey, Latvia, France, Belgium, and the Czech Republic. The article concludes on the state and prospects of Belarusian-Serbian relations, cooperation of Belarus and Serbia with the EU and neighboring countries, and gives a description of the political systems and foreign policy of Belarus and Serbia.

BALKAN VECTOR OF BELARUS FOREIGN POLICY (LATE XX - EARLY XXI CENTURIES)

2021 ◽  
pp. 253-268
Author(s):  
Larisa Shanshieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Republic

The article examines the Balkan vector of the Belarus’ foreign policy in the context of the concept of a multi-vector policy. It is noted that the Republic of Belarus (RB), created as an independent state after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, initially attached great importance to the establishment of mutually beneficial relations with different countries. This approach laid the foundation for the subsequent formation of the named concept. The thesis is expressed that the implementation of a multi-vector policy entailed certain contradictions. They were based on the need to constantly maintain a balance in relations between the Republic of Belarus and countries that have different economic and political systems and are members of various regional associations. On the one hand, Belarus has established strong allied relations with Russia and joined organizations such as the EAEU and the CSTO. On the other hand, it actively established trade and economic relations with the countries of the European Union, as well as with China and the United States. The main attention is paid to the Balkan vector of international cooperation of the Republic of Belarus, first of all to the Belarusian-Serbian relations. It is noted that the Belarusian leadership sought to cooperate with other Balkan countries, involving them in the orbit of trade and economic ties in the EAEU markets. The main research methods are the content analysis method and the predictive method. The author analyzes the features of the modern political situation in Belarus, caused by the ambiguous results of the presidential elections on August 9, 2020. It is concluded that the confrontation between the authorities and society will have negative consequences for the foreign policy of the Republic of Belarus, for its relations with other states, including the Balkans.

scholarly journals Strategic and security trends and projection of the strategic framework of the security of the Republic of Serbia

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-482
Author(s):  
Stanislav Stojanovic ◽  
Branislav Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
World Politics ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Strategic Framework ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Revolution In Military Affairs ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Major Factors

Starting from the indisputable fact that security is the primary interest and a key prerequisite for the development of contemporary societies, understanding and assessing current and future trends in the near and distant environment and their impacts on the security of the Republic of Serbia are particularly important in defining a framework of its conceptual and strategic preparedness to protect vital national interests. There are many factors that are influencing and will continue to influence in a long-term the security of the Republic of Serbia and its environment. The stronger contours of multipolar international order and the emergence of new global participants in world politics, the crisis of the idea of global society and return of realpolitik patterns in international politics, proximity of energy - rich but unstable Arab - Persian and the Caspian basin, conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East, serious identity crisis and threat to internal cohesion of the European Union, as well as the migrant crisis, certainly represent major factors that will affect the political and security processes in the near and distant environment of the Republic of Serbia. Projection of security trends and challenges that accompany the process of socialization of the Balkans, as an area which is still, in terms of security, the most sensitive part of the European continent, will have a strong reflection on the definition of long - term commitments of the Republic of Serbia. Problems in Kosovo, Macedonia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, as potentially the most explosive issues of the Balkan security, as well as the complexity of socio?economic and political context of the societies in the Balkans, especially their unabated ethnic and religious standoff, complicate the process of converting the Balkans from the conflicting area to the area of lasting peace. Also, monitoring of trends in perception and practice of security, especially regarding the waging of contemporary armed conflicts and the revolution in military affairs, as well as their long?term projection are of great importance in defining the strategic framework of security of the Republic of Serbia, primarily the instruments to protect its security.

scholarly journals Emigranci w Polsce - kultura przyjęcia

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
WOJCIECH NECEL
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Continent ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
European Immigrants ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Church

The migration of population in the second decade of the twenty-rst century, in the lives of the global, as well as inter-continental and inter- national communities, is a structural phenomenon undergoing intensi- cation and it is aecting all areas of human life and the life of the Church. e Church in Poland got used to speaking about Polish emigration, the “very old” one and the “old” one, as well as the latest, which came about alongside joining the structures of the European Union and the Schengen group. A vital problem within the immigration area is the return of Polish families to Poland, at least from the British Isles and France, and, gaining dynamics from time to time, the issue of repatriation of Poles from distant Kazakhstan and the presence of Ukrainians and other Eastern nationalities on the streets of Polish cities.Mass media inform about the situation on Lampedusa island, on the Syrian-Turkish and Turkish-Iraqi borders, and the situation in the Balkans and Hungary. e crisis plunged Greece cannot manage to solve the prob- lems of the coming people. Pope Francis sympathized with the European immigrants, lamented that so many of them deceased on the way to the European continent. e politicians discussed how to divide the coming groups of refugees among the countries. With the foregoing outline, at the turn of 2014-2015, the Republic of Poland along with the rest of European Union, is faced with the necessity to develop a common immigration policy, and the Church, in agreement with the Erga migrantes instruction, should elaborate the specics of the ministry towards the immigrants. 

THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA DURING THE CRISIS OF MIGRANTS 2015 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 2041-2044
Author(s):  
Argëtim Saliu ◽  
Muaz Agushi
Keyword(s):  
The European Union ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Historical Methods

During 2015 and at the beginning of 2016the Republic of Macedonia faced the issue of the large number of refugees and emigrants from the Middle East, especiallyfrom Syria, who used the territory of the Republic of Macedonia as a bridge between the Balkans and the European Union. The Republic of Macedonia was the first country to offer medical assistance to the refugees; moreover, it registered the refugees and later on shared the recorded data with other countries.Furthmore, in order to help this important process except state institutions other non-governmentalorganizations were involved.With the usage of the decsriptive, statistical and historical methods, this project aims to offer readers the wide range of activities that the state institutions of the Republic of Macedonia undertook regarding the noted issue.

scholarly journals Problem konsolidacji współczesnego państwa macedońskiego w kontekście jego aspiracji do Unii Europejskiej

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 77-92
Author(s):  
Jędrzej Paszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
National Minority ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Framework Agreement ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic

The issue оf contemporary Macedonian state consolidation in the context of its aspiration to the European Union Since its establishment, the Republic of Macedonia has been facing the crisis of social and political system. This is connected with the complicated ethnic and religious relations, diffi­cult economic condition of the state and complex, international circumstances in the Balkans. The European Union makes the membership of Macedonia in its structures dependent on the implementation of solutions preventing the renewal of the armed conflict between the Mace­donian authorities and Albanian rebels in the year 2001. The reforms implemented on the basis of the Ohrid Framework Agreement (2001) are designed to provide the social and economic stability in the country, mainly through the cooperation between Macedonians and Albanians. The imbalance between the strengthening of the position of the Albanian national minority in the entirety of the state system and the progress in the establishment of the civil society raises the concern of the observers of the social and political life in Macedonia. The division of the society based on the ethnicity criterion is strengthened in Macedonia. The opportunity of the development of cooperation over the ethnic divisions is limited due to a strong role of nationalistic sentiments, insufficient legitimacy of framework agreement by the citizens and pathologies of social and political life (corruption, organized crime). It is likely that ethnic criteria that are the basis for currently implemented system changes in the Republic of Mace­donia shall dominate the pursuit to democratize the state as a whole. It will be a threat for the consolidation of the republic, since the particularistic tendencies may outweigh the peaceful cooperation for strengthening the unity of the state.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the criminal offence of the trafficking of human organs in the recently-formed countries of the Balkans

SEER ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Fejzi Beqiri
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Women Elderly ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
Trafficking Victim ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
The Right

The trafficking of human organs is a complex crime. In this respect, law enforcement institutions are confronted with wide-ranging problems in following the right path, beginning with the identification of criminal activity, the identification of the trafficking victim, the full investigation of the case and the taking of measures to bring the case to court so that the criminal has to face deserved punishment. The purpose of this article is to make a comparative analysis of the criminal offence of the trafficking of human organs in those states formed out of the former Yugoslavia, including the types and weights of criminal sanctions that are foreseen in the criminal codes in these states. It is apparent that some states in the region need to make changes to the provisions of their Criminal Codes in order to incriminate some forms of this offence, including as regards potential victims including children, women, elderly people, disabled people and others with limited capacities. Further work also needs to be done concerning potential perpetrators including corporate entities, medical professionals and criminal groups.

scholarly journals Corruption in the Balkans as an Obstacle to the Three-Seas-Initiative Overview of Anti-Corruption Institutions in Bulgaria, Croatia, Poland, Romania and Slovenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-86
Author(s):  
Paweł Zawadzki ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Republic ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Institutional Model ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Sphere Of Influence ◽  
High Level

The aim of this article is to show the high level of corruption offences and the ineffectiveness of the existing legal and institutional solutions in the Balkan states, which are part of the Three-Seas initiative. The effectiveness of the regulations in force in these countries deviates from the standards set by the European Union. This has implications for the success of the Three-Seas-Initiative. The current state of affairs is the result of clashing ideas about the membership of Balkan countries in a particular sphere of influence. The services of the Russian Federation (GRU or SWR) play a significant role in maintaining the current status quo. Observation of corruption offences in the Balkans shows that the bodies set up to investigate corruption offences do not have effective powers to prevent, detect and prosecute such offences. An evaluation of the regulations in force in this area shows that they are ineffective. A solution which would ensure that the Balkans meet European standards on preventing and combating corruption could be theimplementation of the institutional model of the Central Anti-Corruption Bureau in force in the Republic of Poland by reforming the Balkan anti-corruption services.

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