scholarly journals Problems Related to Reintegration of Young Ex-Offenders in Estonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 56-74
Author(s):  
Anna Markina

Based on 22 semi-structured interviews with 24 young ex-offenders in Estonia, this article looks at the effect that stigmatization has on the reintegration of young ex-offenders. The study looks at to what extent and in which domains ex-offenders experience stigma, how they manage it, and what effect it has on social participation and involvement. The results indicate that young ex-offenders experience stigma while looking for jobs and accommodation and when interacting with the criminal justice system. The strategies for managing stigma mostly include secrecy and withdrawal. These strategies are closely related to self-stigmatization, low societal participation, and a low level of trust toward state institutions.

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1229-1249
Author(s):  
Jennifer Gatewood Owens ◽  
Michelle Smirnova

Given the rapid increase in prescription (Rx) drug misuse, overdose, and drug-related arrests, the purpose of this study is to identify strategies to combat Rx misuse from the perspective of former Rx drug misusers who are presently incarcerated. Using semi-structured interviews, we elicited such recommendations from 33 incarcerated women in the Midwest with histories of Rx drug misuse. The policy recommendations put forth by the women tended to be proactive rather than reactive and focused upon more vigilant surveillance and prevention efforts by medical professionals. While there was little mention of the criminal justice system or incarceration, women did also advocate for better treatment and rehabilitation options. Users affected by Rx misuse suggested more proactive approaches in dealing with Rx misuse that would ultimately shift drug control responsibilities from law enforcement to doctors.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 843
Author(s):  
Hulman Siregar ◽  
Rakhmat Bowo Suharto

Corruption has occurred in all sectors of activity in State Institutions has even been categorized as an extraordinary crime. This condition has a negative impact on the implementation of sustainable national development to improve the welfare of the community. Because the state budget funds both central and regional that can be used to build infrastructure facilities for public services such as health services, education, social assistance in the form of food and clothing. Become reduced due to corruption. The mindset and pattern of action in dealing with corruption crime requires a leap of change so that the implementation of law enforcement in combating corruption through hand-catching operations can run effectively in accordance with the laws and regulations.Keywords: Planned; Accurate; Accountable; Responsible.


Author(s):  
Alexes Harris ◽  
Frank Edwards

Despite the central role that fines and other fiscal penalties play in systems of criminal justice, they have received relatively little scholarly attention. Court systems impose fines and other monetary sanctions in response to minor administrative and traffic offenses as well as for more serious criminal offenses. Monetary sanctions are intended to provide a deterrent punishment to reduce lawbreaking, to provide opportunities for accountability through financial restitution, to restore harm caused to victims of crime, and to fund the operation and administration of courts and criminal justice systems. Fines, fees, and other monetary sanctions are the most common form of punishment imposed by criminal justice systems. Most criminal sentences in the United States include financial penalties, and monetary sanctions are routinely imposed for less serious, and far more common, infractions such as traffic or parking violations. For many, paying a monetary sanction for a low-level violation is an annoyance. However, for the poor and people of color who are disproportionately likely to be subject to criminal justice system involvement, monetary sanctions can become a vehicle for expanded social inequality and increasingly severe criminal justice contact. Failure to pay legal financial obligations often results in court summons or license suspensions that may have attendant additional costs and may trigger incarceration. In the United States, the criminal justice system is heavily and routinely involved in the lives of low-income people of color. These already-existing biases, coupled with the deep poverty that is common in many communities, join to widen the net of criminal justice involvement by escalating low-level infractions to far more serious offenses when people are unable to pay. Despite the routine justification of monetary sanctions as less-severe penalties, if imposed without restriction on the poor, they are likely to magnify the inequality producing effects of criminal justice system involvement.


Youth Justice ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-187
Author(s):  
Suzanne Ellis ◽  
Natalie Gately ◽  
Shane Rogers ◽  
Andrée Horrigan

Public opinion is often reported as punitive towards sentencing young people. Attitudes remain important to investigate given their potential to influence policy within the criminal justice system. Therefore, it is important to understand the formation of these attitudes and their consistency with sentencing principles. Semi-structured interviews ( n = 72) and surveys ( n = 502) were used to gauge opinions of sentencing young people under different scenario manipulations (age, weapon, drug treatment, prior record). The findings revealed the public expected punishment, but favoured rehabilitation with an opportunity to repent, suggesting the public are open to alternatives to ‘tough on crime’ approaches.


2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Mou

Witnesses rarely testify at trial in China and the courts routinely rely on investigative dossiers to determine the guilt or innocence of the defendant. Shielded from external scrutiny, relatively little is known about how these investigative dossiers are constructed and whether they are truly reliable. To understand the construction process for police cases, ethnography, semi-structured interviews and content analysis of the dossiers have been conducted to explore the formation of evidence during the police investigation. This article reveals that the constructed evidence is subject to manipulation and distortion designed to enhance the incrimination of the accused. With a lack of the functional equivalence in defence construction required to challenge the facts presented in these dossiers, the current criminal justice system in China is structurally weak and fails to function as a truth-finding process.


2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 175-186
Author(s):  
Fellex Mediseni ◽  
Michael Brown

Purpose – The Purpose of this paper is to identify and explore the views and experiences of specialist learning disability (LD) health service professionals regarding the management of and support offered to people with LD when they come into contact with the Scottish criminal justice system (CJS). Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative design was adopted for this study due to the limited existing evidence in the area and the need to start to build and develop understanding of the phenomena under study. A purposive sampling procedure was used to select participants from an accessible population within one Scottish NHS Health Literature review, qualitative research, semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis. Findings – The findings identified three key themes challenges in practice; the need for additional resources; and the ability of services to provide management and support. Originality/value – The findings serve to contribute to the understanding of the role and contributions made by and required from specialist LD health services to manage and support people with LD in the Scottish CJS.


2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-40
Author(s):  
Imola Antal ◽  
Júlia Szigeti ◽  
Maria Stoleru

Abstract Criminal justice interventions are important to reduce domestic violence and protect women. In this study we will tackle the unwillingness of women in two regions of Romania to press charges and the failure of the criminal justice system in providing them protection and justice. “Why don’t women press charges?” was the main question that stood at the basis of the international research WOSAFEJUS1, where Babeş-Bolyai University (UBB) was the main Romanian partner through its Faculty of Sociology and Social Work. In our paper we will analyse the studies relevant to the field of domestic violence and we will pay a special attention to those that take into consideration the functioning of the criminal justice system. We will present a preliminary analysis of the women’s perception of the criminal justice system in Romania. Our results are based on 76 semi-structured interviews with women in a situation of domestic violence. Atlas.ti was used to aid a thematic analysis of the qualitative data. The results will highlight women’s expectations regarding the justice system, the perceived usefulness of the legal intervention as well as the main factors that come into play when they decide to stay or to leave the criminal justice process. Even though in most of the cases police intervention can’t or doesn’t provide safety and the rapid elimination of danger, the importance of non-legislative factors of intervention has nevertheless been emphasized.


2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noemi Y. Domingo

The Cordillera Administrative Region’s way of resolving crimes and disputes between two tribes is in accordance with their Bodong system wherein the codified and published Pagta or “the law of the Bodong” (literally translated “peace covenant or pact”) is Kalinga’s number one cultural and historical contribution to the country’s National Cultural Treasure. The study determined the extent of Criminal Justice System and Bodong System in resolving crimes and disputes encountered by tribes who are in conflict. The researcher used the case study method wherein the basis for its concept is the theoretical framework, socio-cultural theory and grounded theory and self-report data with convenience sampling. “Semi-structured interviews, narrative response and blog discussions” were also used. 50% of the respondents stand for the statement that bodong system is bound to resolve cases that involve murder, land disputes, loss of property and other violations. Hence, the Cordillera Administrative Region’s urge in pursuing in the legalization and government recognition of the Bodong System has put an ease with the lengthy trials of the Criminal Justice System. The Cordilleran leaders’ initiative to organize PEACE SUMMIT every year is an effective way of informing people of Cordillera the essence of Bodong in their life not just a mere machinery, but rather a system.


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