scholarly journals Gender-based Violence in Lithuania during Late-Soviet Period and Post-Soviet Transformation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 104-132
Author(s):  
Monika Kareniauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Period ◽  
Alfred Schutz ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
The Third ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
The People ◽  
Alfred Schütz ◽  
Gender Based

The aim of this article is to research the concept and different definitions of gender-based violence in Lithuanian society during the late Soviet period and the first decade of Lithuanian independence. These different definitions of gender-based violence are reconstructed and presented in the different discourses of criminological knowledge and beliefs: a) the expert criminological discourse; b) the so-called discourse of the ‘well-informed citizens’; c) the so-called discourse of the ‘people from the street’. The theory of three different criminilogical discourses in Lithuanian crimininology is developed by Aleksandras Dobryninas but based on theoretical insights of Alfred Schütz. The article analyzes the third level from the perspectives‘ of the victims of gender-based violence. 

Women’s Issues

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Gorman ◽  
Judith Currier ◽  
Elise Hall ◽  
Julia del Amo
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
The Third ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Living With Hiv

This chapter explores some of the unique challenges that often put women at higher risk of HIV infection and that create a course of illness that may differ from that found in men living with HIV. The first portion of the chapter discusses manifestations of HIV infection and the course of infection in women. It also addresses the particular issues associated with antiretroviral treatment (ART) and women, and the interactions between ART and depression in women. The chapter then goes on to broach an important topic that puts many women at high risk for HIV infection: gender-based violence, as well as some of the key, albeit limited, research on effective interventions for gender-based violence and HIV prevention. The third part of the chapter addresses issues related specifically to HIV and pregnancy, including vertical transmission. Finally, the chapter concludes with a discussion of a relatively neglected topic, HIV and menopause.

On Anonymity and Appresentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 45-67
Author(s):  
Max Gropper ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Alfred Schutz ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
The Third ◽  
Alfred Schütz ◽  
The Stranger

In his famous work on the stranger, Alfred Schutz focuses on the interpretative discrepancies between in-groups and out-groups from the per­spective of a stranger approaching a new group. In doing so, Schutz emphasizes that strangers can overcome their strangeness within a social group by adapting to the prevalent cultural patterns. Shifting the perspective from the stranger to the in-group this essay aims to argue that the experience of the Other’s strangeness due to a discrepancy of interpretative schemes is only one dimension of how the stranger is perceived in everyday life. A second dimension can be derived from Schutz’ work on appresentation. This essay will follow four analytical steps. First, this essay summarizes the Schutzian approach on perceiving the Other as a taken-for-granted part of everyday life within an assumed intersubjective understanding based on an assumed reciprocity of perspectives. Referring to Eberle’s description of an irreciprocity of perspectives, the second section analyzes the Schutzian stranger based on an intersubjective understanding. The third section then focuses on the appresentational pro­cesses of perceiving the stranger in everyday life. By using Goffman’s distinction between virtual and actual social identity, the interplay of categorizing and experiencing the Other in everyday life can be described. Finally, considering the question of how it comes that people can find themselves strangers in their own society, this paper closes by merging the argumentation with a description of the Schutzian perspective on the processes of stigmatization.

scholarly journals Preventing the Wrongful Criminalization of Online Gender-based Violence Victims: A Look into Law No. 44 of 2008 on Pornography

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Almyra Luna Kamilla
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The People ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fundamental Values ◽  
Pornographic Material ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Undang-Undang No. 44 Tahun 2008 tentang Pornografi secara eksplisit melarang keras pembuatan konten yang mengandung pornografi, namun disisi lain, Penjelasan Pasal 4 ayat (1) pada Undang-Undang tersebut secara implisit memberikan hak bagi masyarakat untuk membuat materi pornografi selama ditujukan untuk diri sendiri dan demi kepentingan sendiri. Hal ini membuat adanya perdebatan yang dipengaruhi juga oleh nilai-nilai dasar bangsa Indonesia sebagai negara yang beradab dan beragama. Dalam prakteknya, Pasal 4 ayat (1) UU No. 44 Tahun 2008 tidak jarang disalahgunakan untuk menjadikan korban Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Online (KBGO) sebagai tersangka dalam kasus pornografi. Melalui pendekatan feminis dan berorientasi korban, Penelitian ini akan membahas bagaimana UU No. 44 Tahun 2008 tentang Pornografi dimanfaatkan baik sengaja atau tidak sengaja, sebagai senjata dalam reviktimisasi perempuan korban KBGO. Penulis menggunakan pendekatan yuridis-normatif dimana Penelitian ini didasari atas analisa terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia serta studi literatur. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pada UU No. 44 Tahun 2008 tentang Pornografi terdapat perbedaan norma yaitu antara Pasal 4 ayat (1) dengan Penjelasan Pasal 4 ayat (1). Selanjutnya, dapat disimpulkan bahwa perbedaan norma tersebut disertai dengan pendekatan penegak hukum di Indonesia yang cenderung konservatif, memicu fenomena dimana korban KBGO yang seharusnya dilindungi justru dikriminalisasi ===== Law No. 44 of 2008 on Pornography explicitly condemned the creation of pornographic content, on the other hand, the Elucidation of Art. 4 (1) of the Law implicitly grants the right for the people to create pornographic material so long as it is intended for oneself and one’s interest. This issue has caused a debate that is also influenced by the fundamental values of Indonesia as a nation that is civilized and religious. In practice, Art. 4 (1) of Law No. 44 of 2008 on Pornography is often misused to cause victims of Online Gender-based Violence into suspects of cases of pornography. Using the feminist approach and victim-oriented perspective, this Research will discuss how Law No. 44 of 2008 on Pornography is utilized, on purpose or otherwise, as a weapon in revictimizing women who are victims of Online Gender-based Violence. The Author used the juridical-normative method in which the Research is constructed based on the analysis of Indonesian laws and regulations as well as literature studies. The results of this Research found that there are contradicting norms within Law No. 44 of 2008 on Pornography specifically between Art. 4 (1) and its Elucidation. Furthermore, it can be concluded that such contradicting norms complemented with the approach of Indonesian law enforcers which tends to be conservative, precipitated a phenomenon in which victims of Online Gender-based Violence who are supposed to be protected ended up criminalized.

scholarly journals A Crisis With No End in Sight: How the ongoing crisis in Taiz Governorate continues to put civilians at risk

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulwasea Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Additional Layer ◽  
The People ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Access To Food

Despite a UN-brokered peace agreement in December 2018, the conflict in Yemen has run into its sixth year. In Taiz Governorate, civilians continue to bear the brunt of conflict. Every day, they face death or injury from indiscriminate attacks, gender-based violence in their homes and poor access to food, water and medical care. As people’s resources are further exhausted, their safety, security and well-being are only likely to worsen. The COVID-19 pandemic has added an additional layer to the ongoing crisis. The people of Taiz –and across Yemen as a whole – desperately need a lasting and inclusive peace process to end the world’s worst humanitarian crisis.

scholarly journals Perception of Gender-Based Violence and Sexual Harassment in University Students: Analysis of the Information Sources and Risk within a Relationship

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3754
Author(s):  
Mercedes Osuna-Rodríguez ◽  
Luis Manuel Rodríguez-Osuna ◽  
Irene Dios ◽  
María Isabel Amor
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
University Environment ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
Postgraduate Level ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The University

In a truly democratic society, there should be no place for any kind of discrimination or violence. Among the basic tools for eradicating discrimination and violence against women, education has a crucial role to play. Education about gender should be considered at all levels, in all year groups and across the curriculum, so as to improve education about this subject. Although these matters are increasingly addressed, at university level, including at postgraduate level, they are often forgotten. The purpose of this study is to break down the level of knowledge of gender-based violence and/or sexual stalking, the sources of information most widely used for developing this knowledge, and beliefs about situations of risk in relationships among a sample of 268 Science and Social Science students at the University of Córdoba (Spain). The analysis was descriptive, comparative and correlative. Means and standard deviations were analyzed, and correlations were used to establish possible relations among the variables. Cluster analysis was used to distribute the sample with respect to knowledge of violence and Student’s t-test was used to identify differences between groups. The chi-squared test was used to find the association between variables such as situations of violence and places of residence. The results show that, although the experience of gender-based violence is among the least common sources of violence, there is evidence that these situations do exist, and the risk of violent acts and/or stalking is greater when couples break up. The perception of risk is higher when students have a greater knowledge of gender-based violence or sexual harassment and this perception is higher in women. As expected, greater knowledge is also associated with experience of this type of situation; however, place of residence was not linked to greater or lesser knowledge. Training in gender is considered essential and necessary in the university environment.

Sanitation, Gender Inequality, and Implications for Rights

2019 ◽  
pp. 380-401
Author(s):  
Sujith Koonan ◽  
Lovleen Bhullar
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Right ◽  
Public Toilets

This chapter unpacks specific gender dimensions of the law and policy framework for rural sanitation in India and its implementation in order to assess its contribution to the realization of the right to sanitation of women. The core question that informs the discussion is whether the framework represents a shift towards or away from gender equality. This chapter focuses on three aspects in particular. The first section examines the extent to which the framework accommodates the issues of privacy and dignity of women as well as certain women specific sanitation needs. The second section contextualizes the position of women in terms of participation and agency. The third section analyses the issue of safety, particularly gender-based violence in the context of open-defecation or access to public toilets.

scholarly journals Intersubjectivity and the Sociology of Alfred Schutz

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquin Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
Alfred Schutz ◽  
The Third ◽  
Alfred Schütz

This article endeavors to answer three questions. (1) What is the interpretation of intersubjectivity posited by the sociology of Alfred Schutz? (2) Can we augment it by way of Husserl’s transcendental-phenomenological investigation of intersubjectivity? (3) What can Heidegger’s hermeneutics of intersubjectivity add to Schutz’s interpretation? The answer to the first question comprises six theses wrested from Schutz’s sociology. The analysis responds negatively to the second question. Its answer to the third question suggests the exposure of Schutz’s interpretation of intersubjectivity to Heidegger’s hermeneutics extends its exhibition of the phenomenon, enhances the disclosing-saying power of his sociology, and primes its empirical development.

scholarly journals Safety and Security of Sexual-reproductive Health and Gender-based Violence among Rohingya Refugee Women in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Rabeya Yousuf ◽  
Md Mushtahid Salam ◽  
Shaima Akter ◽  
Abdus Salam
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Refugee Women ◽  
British Rule ◽  
The People ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Rohingya refugee women and girls are from a vulnerable society taking shelter in Bangladesh for humanitarian assistance following the serious human rights violations in Myanmar. They are facing a number of challenges such as insecurity, violence, very limited freedom of movement or ability to speak up and influence decisions in their communities. They are most vulnerable to exploitation due to inadequate basic living facilities in the camp causing them to be physically or sexually abused, forced prostitution and human trafficking. Gender-based violence, abandonment by their husbands in the camps, early marriage, teenage pregnancies including lack of safer pregnancy and childbirth are all important issues and challenges faced by them. Access to basic amenities and educational opportunities with special attention about sexual and reproductive health including issues such as gender equality, relationships and conflict management and adequate community health care can help the Rohingya women to overcome the situation. Actually, the word “Rohingya” derived from the people who exist in from the British rule of the medieval period in the current “Rakhine” state, formerly known as “Roshang” later turned into “Rohang” due to colloquial usage. Although officially Myanmar is not using the term “Rohingya” as this might potentially endorse their indigenous origin, an international involvement is obligatory to find a solution for sustainable return of Rohingya refugees to Myanmar.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 02 April’21 Page: 163-170

scholarly journals Covid-19 Pandemic, Violence and Social Inequality in Nigeria.

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
OlufunmilolaAdekiitan OMOTAYO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Sexual Activities ◽  
The People ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
General Restriction

The measures to curtail the spread of COVID-19 and prevent loss of lives across the globe include; lockdown of schools, religious worship centres, business centres, and a general restriction of movement of the people. The lockdown, which involuntarily confined people to different places of abode has numerous effects on the individuals and the society. This paper seeks to examine how COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated violence and social inequality in Nigeria and attempts possible solutions to the problem. The methodology includes the review of literature and reports. The findings show that, the lockdown has resulted in heightened levels of gender-related domestic violence and social inequality in the society. The closure of all educational institutions has left many young people idle. Some of these youths have ended upengaging inimmoral sexual activities with the opposite sex. Children also suffered molestation and harassment from predators. Newspaper reports revealan increasein cases of rape in the society during this period. The lockdown has caused job losses and salary cut which have translated into a reduction in government, private companies and individuals’ revenue. This situation affected many families negatively as it led to financial hardship in homes and increased misunderstandings and various forms of negative tensions and domestic violence in the society. Spousal violence, landlord-tenant violence, house-owner and house-help violence, violence on widows, boyfriend- girlfriend violence is now more commonplace in the society. Even though it is undeniable that gender-based violence had existed before the pandemic, the malaise has been greatly aggravated by this deadly disease.

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