scholarly journals State Cultural Policies in Georgia’s Small Book Market. Case of the Translation Grant Programme “Georgian Literature in Translation” (2010–2018)

Knygotyra ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 92-113
Author(s):  
Ana Kvirikashvili
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Literary Field ◽  
Frankfurt Book Fair ◽  
Grant Program ◽  
Book Fair ◽  
Policy Program ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
Target Languages

This paper analyses translation support in the Georgian literary field by studying the case of the translation grant program “Georgian Literature in Translation” (2010-2018). Accordingly, it offers a quantitative and qualitative study of the selection of translation projects that have received grants from the Georgian National Book Center as of 2010, when the translation policy program was first launched. This study will consider a) which authors are being promoted by the state and which titles are being translated; b) which publishing houses have benefited the most from these subsidies; and c) which target languages are used in said projects, relying on the frameworks of the sociology of translation (Heilbron and Sapiro). The hypotheses of this paper are 1) that there is a strong impact of the Frankfurt Book Fair and an increase of state-supported translations; 2) a great role of German as a target language in these projects; and 3) relatively active translation flows in the region where Georgia is located. Fieldwork from the 2018 Frankfurt Book Fair will serve as a complementary source, as well as the interviews that I have conducted with agents of the Georgian literary field.

scholarly journals ROLE OF ENGLISH AFFIXOIDS IN MODERN UKRAINIAN, RUSSIAN AND FRENCH

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Samoilenko
Keyword(s):  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Target Language ◽  
French Language ◽  
Primary Meaning ◽  
Structural Parts ◽  
Target Languages ◽  
Character Feature ◽  
Independent Functioning ◽  
Building Level

AbstractBackground. The article is devoted to the influence of borrowed affixoids on the wordbuildingsubsystems of the target languages. Purpose. The aim of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of the influence of borrowingsfrom English on the word-building subsystem of the target languages and namely to define the roleof affixoids in productive ways of modern word-building. The aim preconditions the performing ofthe following tasks: analysis of the nature of affixoids; revealing peculiarities of borrowed affixoidsfunctioning in target languages. Methods. In the article the following methods are used: 1) for detecting the volume andmeaning of the term affixoid the method of the review of the existing literature has been used; 2) forrevealing the constituent parts of the lexical units the method of distributive has been used; 3) fordescribing the peculiarities of quasi-composites and existing word-patterns the methods ofonomasiological and formal analysis have been used. Results. If one analyses the appearance of the affixoid. -gate, it is necessary to take intoconsideration, that it is formed due to the so-called “intercalated” or “telescopic” formation ofnew words, when one word is “inserted” into another, as a result of which an unusual, occasionalformation appears. In modern Ukrainian and Russian we can reveal the development of newmeaning which is absolutely different from the primary meaning. Some people are even sure that -gate is the synonym of the word scandal. Borrowing word-forming models is another character feature of language that causes theappearance of quasi-composites. In French, for example, it is possible to observe the interestingphenomenon of borrowing not structural parts, but word-building samples. The presence of “falseEnglishisms” in the French language proves once again that very often not only separate words areborrowed, but also word-forming material. Discussion. Processes of borrowing influence the target languages in many different ways.The most common of them is direct borrowing, assimilation of concrete lexical units. But recentlythe facts of influence of the source language have become more and more common, so processes ofborrowing have an impact not only on the lexical subsystem of the target language, but also on theword-building level by assimilating productive affixes and affixoids, as well as common wordbuildingpatterns and models. The field of affixoids still requires new linguistic research, especiallyin connection with the processes of borrowing and the tendency of the modern languages tosimplification. It is very important to observe new ways of enriching vocabulary where assimilationof foreign affixoids is becoming more and more productive. The independent functioning ofaffixoids in target languages is also worth describing and analyzing.

scholarly journals Enjambement in the Mounted Lyrical Poetry: the Untranslatable Translated?

2021 ◽  
pp. 254-265
Author(s):  
Dzhanetta M. Dreeva
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Dynamic Equivalence ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Intercultural Interaction ◽  
Lyrical Poetry ◽  
Poetic Text ◽  
Target Languages ◽  
The Aesthetic

The article is aimed at studying some features of translation strategies used to convey the expressive potential of a poetic text with elements of mounting techniques, viewed through the prism of the rhythmic-syntactic level of organisation of the poetic text. The subject of analysis is enjambement, or verse (poetic) transference, which is a “dissonance” between the rhythmic division of poetic speech into poetic lines and the syntactic division of verbal material into syntagmas in verse, thereby affecting the rhythmic structure of the text. The poem by H.M. Enzensberger (born in 1929), “verteidigung der wölfe gegen die lämmer”, as well as the translation of the specified poem into Russian (“Protection of wolves from sheep”) made by Lev Ginzburg (1921-1980), are used as the factual material. The original poem is written in free rhythms and includes elements of mounting techniques. To achieve this goal, a complex methodology has been applied, which, in addition to structural-descriptive and comparative analyses, also involves elements of linguopoetic and linguo-stylistic approaches. The relevance of the presented work is primarily due to the translation perspective of the study, which required the involvement of the main provisions of the theory of dynamic equivalence by E. Nida, secondly, – to the fact that translation strategies are considered in terms of intercultural interaction, i.e. taking into account the culturally specific characteristics of the bearers of the source and target languages. Based on the results of the analysis, a conclusion has been made about the special role of verse transferences in the mounted lyrical poetry of H.M. Enzensberger, which are engaged in the creation of the “defamiliarisation” effect at the appropriate micro-level of the lyrical work. A comparative analysis of the texts in the source language and the target language indicates that the application of the main provisions of the theory of dynamic equivalence, as well as the relevant linguistic aspects of intercultural communication when translating poetic works, contributes to a most accurate preservation of the aesthetic effect and of the expressive potential inherent in the original poetic text with elements of mounting techniques.

scholarly journals Limitations on the role of frequency in L2 acquisition

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
CHRISTIANE VON STUTTERHEIM ◽  
MONIQUE LAMBERT ◽  
JOHANNES GERWIEN
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Target Language ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
Motion Event ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Target Languages ◽  
L1 Acquisition ◽  
Event Construal

abstract In the context of theories of statistical learning, frequency of encounter is viewed as a major driving force in L2 acquisition. The present paper challenges this position with respect to core components at the level of language competence which relate to language-specific patterns in cognitive construal. Empirical evidence from very advanced L2 speakers (L1 French, L2 English and L2 German) shows that forms and constructions which are highly frequent in the target languages in the expression of motion events are not used in a target-like form by L2 speakers. The study shows how the basis for language use which is not target-like lies at the level of event construal: conceptual frames, which are language-specific and are deeply anchored in the course of L1 acquisition, drive allocation of attention and the extraction of forms in L2 acquisition. Findings in the domain of spatial cognition show that motion event frames based on the L1 take precedence over frequency of occurrence of forms in the target language as a factor in L2 use.

scholarly journals Classroom anxiety and enjoyment in CLIL and non-CLIL: Does the target language matter?

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey De Smet ◽  
Laurence Mettewie ◽  
Benoit Galand ◽  
Philippe Hiligsmann ◽  
Luk Van Mensel
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Learners ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Emotional Engagement ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Target Languages ◽  
Primary School Pupils

This study investigates pupils’ anxiety and enjoyment in the classroom when learning a second or foreign language. The particularity of this study lies in the comparison of two target languages (English and Dutch) in two educational contexts (CLIL and non-CLIL) at different instruction levels (primary and secondary education). While most research on content and language integrated learning (CLIL) focuses on English as a target language, the Belgian context calls for a comparison with the language of the “other” community, in this case Dutch. Data were collected from 896 pupils in French-speaking Belgium through a self-report questionnaire measuring pupils’ anxiety and enjoyment in the classroom, along with background characteristics. Results indicate that while CLIL pupils experience significantly less anxiety than their non-CLIL counterparts, English learners report significantly less anxiety and more enjoyment than Dutch learners. This suggests an important role of the target language for emotional engagement in the classroom and calls for further investigation into the role of target language perceptions. Finally, the interactions with instruction level reveal that while primary school pupils report stronger emotions, the effects of CLIL and English are much larger at secondary level.

Revisited Strategies of Politeness Translation in 'The Simpsons' Sitcom

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-25
Author(s):  
Alireza Akbari ◽  
Mohammadtaghi Shahnazari
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Special System ◽  
The Simpsons ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Target Languages ◽  
The Right

Generally, the role of politeness in society can never be legitimately repudiated. In this direction, politeness and its role in translation studies would be considered as a universal phenomenon across languages and cultures. However, every language has its special system of expressing and translating politeness expression in order to satiate the needs of the target audience completely. Therefore, translator as 'Sprachmittler' may confront with particular and culture-bound politeness facets which can a paramount source of difficulty for them. Hence, deciphering the points of similarities and differences across languages and cultures is of significance importance for the translator who is responsible for amalgamating and reconciling source language regulations to the target language ones. The present study strives for tracing one stable and durable politeness framework for the translator of which their aims are to transfer the main essence of the source language into the target one. This framework was proposed by Akbari (2014) consisting two particular strategies namely solidarity and deference strategies along with eight procedures showing the right path to translator in order to produce an indelible rendering. Also this study utilizes Pearson chisquare (χ2) to see the correlation between solidarity and deference strategies found in the source and target languages.

scholarly journals Guests of Honour at Feria del Libro de Madrid: The Cases of '¡AleManía!' and 'France como un libro abierto'

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 157-184
Author(s):  
Luise Hertwig
Keyword(s):  
Expert Interviews ◽  
Literary Field ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Book Fair ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this paper is to analyse the presence of Germany and France as Guests of Honour at Feria del Libro de Madrid with regard to the interdependences between the book fair and its visiting countries. By means of expert interviews with the organisers, I studied the processes of selection, the objectives and the realisation of ¡AleManía! in 2011 and France como un libro abierto in 2016, as well as their accordance with the idea of bibliodiversity. In the past, the Guest of Honour seems to have played the role of an additional financial sponsor providing also further legitimacy for the public sales fair through its cultural programme. The guest countries in fact offer a variety of cultural and literary events at the venue, even though the selection of invited authors consists of actors with a strong or even dominant position in the respective literary field and therefore does not represent its diversity in every respect.

scholarly journals PERAN BAHASA IBU TERHADAP KECERDASAN BAHASA TARGET ANAK USIA 4 - 5 TAHUN DI PAUD DARUSSALAMAH BARUH SAMPANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Khoirul Anam
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Direct Communication ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Target Languages ◽  
Study Techniques ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
The Village

This study is entitled The Role of Mother Language on Target Language Intelligence of Children 4-5 Years Old in Darussalam PAUD Baruh Sampang. With the aim of the study is to find out the role of mother tongue on the target language intelligence of children in using language and responding to effective words of communication, both verbally and in writing. The method used is a type of descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were used observation techniques, direct communication interview techniques and documentation study techniques. The scope and limitations of this study are children who study in Early Childhood Education (PAUD) Darussalamah in the village of Baruh, Sampang Regency. Data sources which are the main subjects of this study are; First, students who study in Darussalam PAUD. Second, the teachers as correctors and children’s language motivators. Third, parents are the children’s languageenvironment. The results of this research are those children who use Indonesian as the target languages in communication are adopted from the mother tongue first and the target language later. This is where the role of mother tongue as a corrector to correct children’s language errors in using the target language,especially the teachers and parents can help the language errors of children to improve their language correctly. In this study the authors assume that mother tongue can also contribute to children’s target language intelligence.

STRUKTUR KOMPLEKS DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA ILMIAH DAN MASALAH PENERJEMAHANNYA KE DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Ketut Mirahayuni ◽  
Susie Chrismalia Garnida ◽  
Mateus Rudi Supsiadji
Keyword(s):  
Complex Structure ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Scientific Language ◽  
Logical Relation ◽  
Information Packaging ◽  
Weight Structure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Target Languages

Abstract. Translating complex structures have always been a challenge for a translator since the structures can be densed with ideas and particular logical relations. The purpose of translation is reproducing texts into another language to make them available to wider readerships. Since language is not merely classification of a set of universal and general concept, that each language articulates or organizes the world differently, the concepts in one language can be radically different from another. One issue in translation is the difference among languages, that the wider gaps between the source and target languages may bring greater problems of transfer of message from the source into the target languages (Culler, 1976). Problematic factors involved in translation include meaning, style, proverbs, idioms and others. A number of translation procedures and strategies have been discussed to solve translation problems. This article presents analysis of complex structures in scientific Indonesian, the problems and effects on translation into English. The study involves data taken from two research article papers in Indonesian to be translated into English. The results of the analysis show seven (7) problems of Indonesian complex structures, whose effect on translation process can be grouped into two: complex structures related to grammar (including: complex structure with incomplete information, run-on sentences, redundancy , sentence elements with inequal semantic relation, and logical relation and choice of conjunctor) and complex structures related to information processing in discourse (including: front-weight- structure and thematic structure with changes of Theme element). Problems related to grammar may be solved with language economy and accuracy while those related to discourse may be solved with understanding information packaging patterns in the target language discourse. Keywords: scientific language, complex structures, translation

scholarly journals Ernst von Leyden (1832–1910): a pioneer in making oncology a respected medical discipline

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Voswinckel ◽  
Nils Hansson
Keyword(s):  
International Association ◽  
German Society ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Medical Discipline ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Socialists ◽  
New Research ◽  
German Physician

Abstract Purpose This article presents new research on the role of the renowned German physician Ernst von Leyden (1832–1910) in the emergence of oncology as a scientific discipline. Methods The article draws on archival sources from the archive of the German Society of Haematology and primary and secondary literature. Results Leyden initiated two important events in the early history of oncology: the first international cancer conference, which took place in Heidelberg, Germany, in 1906, and the founding of the first international association for cancer research (forerunner of today's UICC) in Berlin in 1908. Unfortunately, these facts are not mentioned in the most recent accounts. Both had a strong impact on the professionalization of oncology as a discipline in its own right. Conclusion Although not of Jewish origin, von Leyden was considered by the National Socialists to be “Jewish tainted”, which had a lasting effect on his perception at home and abroad.

“No more little boxes” – Poetic Positionings in the Literary Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
Stefanie Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Literary Marketplace ◽  
Literary Field ◽  
The Us ◽  
Unites States

AbstractMy article’s title borrows a line from Thomas Sayers Ellis’s poem “Skin, Inc.” (2010), a poem which uses the metaphor of incorporation in terms of its economic and formal affordances: formally as signifying upon a container, a box, in which the poet/lyric persona finds himself trapped as he is trying to create and to write; and economically, as signifying upon the poet as entrepreneur, who has to sell a brand and a product in the literary marketplace. Based on Pierre Bourdieu’s work on the theory of the literary field, I think of the poem as a form of poetic position-taking in the literary field in the Unites States in 2010. In my reading, I explore the literary marketplace as presented in the poem, and I argue that we can use this image of the market to think about the role of race in the literary field in the US, in particular with regard to what has been called the “post-soul aesthetic.”

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