scholarly journals Prohibited Press in the Central State Bookshop in 1919–1940

Knygotyra ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 277-305
Author(s):  
Arida Riaubienė
Keyword(s):  
Public Libraries ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Central State ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Press ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
State Library ◽  
The University ◽  
The Military ◽  
And Storage

This article analyses the issues of collecting and storing illegal publications and those confiscated by censorship authorities in the Central State Bookshop. It describes the structure of the military and other general censorship institutions, which sent the prohibited press to the Central State Bookshop. The aim of the study is to establish the approximate date of commencement of the activities of the department that stored confiscated by censorship or illegally issued publications, and several lists of publications prohibited by censorship and transmitted by the CSB are discussed. It is worth noting that until the 1940s, libraries were also called bookshops. In 1936, after the promulgation of the Law on Public Libraries, the Central State Bookshop became the Central State Library, and its departments became state public libraries. Between 1919–1922, under the management of Eduardas Volteris, the collection and storage of illegal and censored publications at the Central State Bookshop became a matter of interest. The legal deposit was the key and constant source of acquisition of the collections of the Central State Bookshop. In 1919 and 1935, the press laws stipulated how many mandatory copies had to be delivered to county governors or simply to state institutions. However, illegal and confiscated publications were not included in the legal deposit. The main aim of the library was to collect and store all publications published in Lithuania and by Lithuanian publishers abroad. Therefore, it was important for the library to compile a complete set of the current press. To obtain prohibited titles, the library cooperated with the structural units of the Ministry of National Defense and the Ministry of the Interior responsible for the supervision of the press. In various historical periods, unequal attention was paid to the compilation of censorship-restricted press in the Central State Bookshop. Until the 1930s, there was an intensive correspondence between war censors and the Press and Societies Division of the Department of Civil Protection about sending and collecting prohibited press in the Central State Bookstore. During c. 1920–1921, illegal and confiscated publications began to be collected in a separate office called the “secret division”. In the 1940s, censorship institutions sent lists of prohibited press of various volumes to the library. After reviewing the publications on these lists, no signs of censorship could be found. Records of censorship office provenances and censorship officers were found in individual publications that were not included in the lists of prohibited books. Although the publications confiscated by censorship authorities were stored in the library of the University of Lithuania, and in the library of Vytautas Magnus University since 1930, CSB was the only library in the interwar period in which special attention was paid to the issues of collecting prohibited press. Use of the prohibited press was restricted. These titles were not open to general public; only employees of ministries and members of the Seimas could read it. The prohibited press could serve scientific research and press statistics.

scholarly journals The Phar Lap Mystery by S. Masson

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Historical Novel ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
The Novel ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Private Detective ◽  
State Library ◽  
The University ◽  
Difficult Times

Masson, Sophie.  The Phar Lap Mystery.  Sydney, Aust.:  Scholastic, 2010.  Print The end notes of this historical novel describe the details of the remarkable Australian racehorse, Phar Lap, who, in the difficult times of the Great Depression, gave Australians something positive to think about.  The cover image, from the collection of the State Library of Victoria, shows the big red horse in full stride, tail flying, jockey crouched behind his neck, reigns pulled tight. While the novel tracks alongside the historical story, it is a delightfully written account presented as a two-year diary of an eleven year-old girl.  Diarist, Sally Fielding, is very conscious of the fact that she is writing for posterity.  She begins her September 19, 1931 entry with “Hill Stakes Day, and the best day ever!  I want to write down absolutely everything, to remember it all.” Author, Sophie Masson, who has written more than fifty juvenile novels, gives the reader a good snapshot of life in the 1930’s in urban Eastern Australia.   From the “chooks” in the back yard, to the fancy hats of the well-to-do ladies at the Rosehill racecourse, to the seedy characters from the underbelly of the racing industry, Masson’s detailed descriptions help to draw us into Sally’s world.   Aussie slang is sprinkled throughout the book to add to the “down-under” flavour.  “Strewth”, which is a mild oath like “crikey” appears often.  Sally refers to a young man with whom she is not impressed, as a “real mick”, denies that she’s a “stickybeak” when she really has been snooping and has a “slap up” lunch, which is a very good one. The story stretches over two years beginning with Sally’s private detective father first being engaged to try to find out who took a shot at Phar Lap and ends with Sally and her father going to America when Phar Lap is taken there  to race.  Sally’s diary chronicles her reactions to the various dangerous twists and turns of the case, her father’s on-again, off-again romance, and Sally’s general chatter about friends and events around her.  The family’s economic struggles are ever-present.  Occasionally readers are treated to a facsimile of a real newspaper article or a letter, which is “glued” into the volume, reinforcing the illusion that you really are reading someone’s diary. Overall this is a thoroughly enjoyable read that captures your attention and holds it through to the surprising ending.  The Phar Lap Mystery will appeal to readers from pre-teens through adults and especially to readers who love horses. Highly recommended for junior high and high school libraries, as well as public libraries everywhere.Reviewer: Sandy CampbellHighly recommended:  4 out of 4 starsSandy is a Health Sciences Librarian at the University of Alberta, who has written hundreds of book reviews across many disciplines.  Sandy thinks that sharing books with children is one of the greatest gifts anyone can give.

scholarly journals Apuntes sobre el ceremonial de nombramiento de Franco como jefe del estado Notes on the ceremonial Franco appointment as head of state

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Miguel Pino Abad
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Francisco Franco ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
The Press ◽  
Military Command ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Words

Desde que se produjo el Alzamiento militar el 18 de julio de 1936 y hasta que transcurrieron varias semanas, los generales que lo apoyaron no tenían claro si lo más recomendable era instaurar o no la unificación del mando militar, como forma de conseguir una mejor estrategia en la victoria de la guerra civil recién comenzada. Fue el 21 de septiembre cuando se adoptó la decisión de encomendar la jefatura del Ejército a un solo general, Francisco Franco, quien se convirtió en “generalísimo de las fuerzas nacionales de tierra, mar y aire y general jefe de los ejércitos de operaciones”. A partir de ese instante, quedaba por concretar las atribuciones que llevaría anexas el cargo de “generalísimo”. Tras diversas discusiones, Franco se hizo cargo de la Jefatura del Estado el 1 de octubre en la Capitanía General de Burgos, en una ceremonia en la que el presidente de la Junta de Defensa Nacional procedió a transmitirle los poderes. En la presente comunicación se trata de analizar los pormenores de tal ceremonia, las primeras palabras de Franco como flamante Jefe del Estado y la repercusión que todo ello tuvo en la prensa de la época. Since the military uprising occurred on July 18, 1936 and until several weeks passed, the generals who supported him were unclear if it was more advisable to establish whether or not the unification of the military command, as a way of getting a better strategy the victory of the civil war has just begun. It was on September 21 when the decision to entrust the leadership of the army to a single general, Francisco Franco, who became "generalissimo of the national forces of land, sea and air and commanding general of the armies of operations" was adopted. From that moment, it remained to realize the powers attached lead the charge of "generalissimo". After several discussions, Franco took over the presidency on 1 October in the Captaincy General of Burgos, in a ceremony in which the president of the National Defense Council proceeded to transmit the power. In this communication it is to analyze the details of this ceremony, the first words of Franco as head of state brand and the impact all this had on the press of the time. 

Economic Growth and Defence Spending: An Efficiency Analysis of Romania’s Conscription Suspension

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Alin Teodor Huseraș ◽  
Andrei Ciprian Spînu
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
Defense Spending ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
External Funding ◽  
The Public ◽  
Defence Spending ◽  
Key Sectors ◽  
The Military ◽  
Theoretical Issues

AbstractNational defense is one of the key sectors responsible for maintaining national security, being considered at the same time an element of great importance and strict necessity of the public sector. The performance of defense functions and missions are closely linked to the military capabilities of this sector, which in turn depend on the budget for defense spending. This paper deals with some theoretical issues in the economic field of defense, regarding the size of defense spending in GDP and their social effects. It is also trying to carry out an analysis on the efficiency versus inefficiency in the use of defense resources, to finance the two types of recruitment systems, namely: by conscription or voluntary will. In order to be able to achieve the above, graphical analysis methods and calculation dermination method were used. The efficiency of spending public funds depends on both objective factors such as: distribution of a certain share of GDP to a certain area; attracting internal and external funding, as well as subjective factors, like: allocating resources to certain categories of expenses; allocating resources to certain defense programs; effective management of these resources by the competent structures. Therefore, for a program to be considered effective, it must meet the requirements of the collective needs of society, be rationally implemented and be sustainable.

Our universities away from partisan Altsarat

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
أ.د.عبد الجبار احمد عبد الله
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Moral Duty ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Office ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Public ◽  
The University

In order to codify the political and partisan activity in Iraq, after a difficult labor, the Political Parties Law No. (36) for the year 2015 started and this is positive because it is not normal for the political parties and forces in Iraq to continue without a legal framework. Article (24) / paragraph (5) of the law requires that the party and its members commit themselves to the following: (To preserve the neutrality of the public office and public institutions and not to exploit it for the gains of a party or political organization). This is considered because it is illegal to exploit State institutions for partisan purposes . It is a moral duty before the politician not to exploit the political parties or some of its members or those who try to speak on their behalf directly or indirectly to achieve partisan gains. Or personality against other personalities and parties at the expense of the university entity.

Defensive Deterrence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yishai Beer
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Practical Problem ◽  
Strategic Thinking ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Global Security ◽  
Defense Strategy ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
The Law ◽  
Compliance With The Law ◽  
The Military

This chapter deals with the lack of coherency between strategic reality—which uses deterrence as an essential strategic tool—and the prevailing law. Deterrence is a tool for enforcing compliance with the law; it promotes the containment of potential conflicts. It is pivotal in strategic thinking and, in many cases, an essential component of the national-defense strategy of law-abiding states. But although deterrence is central to the management of global security, in current international law deterrence considerations are perceived with suspicion and mistrust. It is perceived as an unlawful punitive measure. The lack of consensus on lawful deterrence, however, might create a vacuum that invites aggressors and transgressors. This chapter offers normative suggestions for introducing defensive deterrence and overcoming the practical problem of putting it into practice within the current contours of the law, by using the military professionalism criterion.

A Simple Unconsolidated Undrained Triaxial Compression Test Emulator

2015 ◽  
Vol 771 ◽  
pp. 104-107
Author(s):  
Riska Ekawita ◽  
Hasbullah Nawir ◽  
Suprijadi ◽  
Khairurrijal
Keyword(s):  
Triaxial Compression ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Radial Strain ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Viscous Effects ◽  
Axial Pressure ◽  
Strain Stress ◽  
The University ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Triaxial Compression Tests

An unconsolidated undrained (UU) test is one type of triaxial compression tests based on the nature of loading and drainage conditions. In order to imitate the UU triaxial compression tests, a UU triaxial emulator with a graphical user interface (GUI) was developed. It has 5 deformation sensors (4 radial deformations and one vertical deformation) and one axial pressure sensor. In addition, other inputs of the emulator are the cell pressure, the height of sample, and the diameter of sample, which are provided by the user. The emulator also facilitates the analysis and storage of measurement data. Deformation data fed to the emulator were obtained from real measurements [H. Nawir, Viscous effects on yielding characteristics of sand in triaxial compression, Dissertation, Civil Eng. Dept., The University of Tokyo, 2002]. Using the measurement data, the stress vs radial strain, stress vs vertical strain, and Mohr-Coulomb circle curves were obtained and displayed by the emulator.

Constructing Public Opinion and Manipulating Symbols: China's Press Cover-age of the Student Movement in 1989

1995 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Qiang Zhang ◽  
Sidney Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Chinese Communist Party ◽  
Student Movement ◽  
Dominant Ideology ◽  
Tiananmen Square ◽  
The Press ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Military

This content analysis of Chinese newspapers before and after the Tiananmen Square protest examines the symbolic representation of the Student Movement of 1989 in China. The study reveals that top leaders manipulated symbols given to the media and that these symbols rigorously highlighted the dominant ideology of the Chinese Communist Party and isolated the movement participants. Officials attempted to legitimize the military suppression of the movement. The press construction of public opinion echoed the hegemonic process created and maintained by the party structure.

Sophistication of Taiwan High School Military Training and Education System of Teacher Education Research

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 288-291
Author(s):  
Min Chuan Huang ◽  
Chao Yen Wu ◽  
Jang Ruey Tzeng
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Education Research ◽  
Professional Identity ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Military Training ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Teacher Training Programs ◽  
The Military

This study sought to resolve the current imbalance of demand and supply of the military instructors on the campus in Taiwan. Having witnessed the importance of a sustainable supply of certified military instructors to support the all-people-defense-education, the study first reviewed two versions of teacher training programs carried out by the Ministry of Defense and normative colleges. After exposing the weaknesses of these two versions of selection practice, this study continued with its recommendation. It is hoped that with its suggested concept of building partnership via outsourcing, professional identity of the military instructors can be elevated and ascertained. Specific contributions of this study are: the National Defense Education Division made sophisticated system of teacher education and teacher key capabilities. Project commissioned by the National Defense Education recruitment agency approach teacher education ideas

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