Old Believers Church in Lithuania (1918–1926): The Restoration and Recognition of Parishes, the Legitimation of the Church, and the Problems of Autonomy

The purpose of this article is to research in more detail the restoration of the Old Believers parishes and their recognition during the interwar Lithuania (excluding Vilnius region) from 1918 to 1923, as well as to analyse the legalization of the Old Believers’ Church of Lithuania and the problems of practical establishment of religious autonomy in this period. The main focus is on three new problems: the situation of the Old Believers’ parishes in the country at the beginning of 1918, taking into account the mass migration to the depths of Russia from 1914 to 1915; the restoration of Old Believers parishes and the legalization (registration) of their religious activities from 1918 to 1922, during their mass repatriation to Lithuania; and focus on some problems of the practical consolidation of Old Believers’ Church of Lithuania autonomy from 1923 to 1926. The research is based mostly on new archival data, as well as on the analysis and interpretation of Lithuanian and partly foreign historiography on this topic. The study suggests that due to the mass migration of Old Believers to the East between 1914 and 1915, the future Lithuanian territory retained a much thinner congregation network and in turn had fewer parishes members by the beginning of 1918. Therefore, the mass repatriation of the Old Believers from Soviet Russia from the spring of 1918 to 1922 to a large extent explains why the recovery of many of their parishes in Lithuania has been rather slow. After the establishment of the central institutions of the Church in May 1922, the Lithuanian Old Believers’ Church was legalized on the basis of “Provisional regulations concerning the relationship between the organization of Old Believers in Lithuania and the Lithuanian government” on the May 20, 1923. Therefore, for the first time in history in 1923 the Lithuanian Old Believers Church was legally recognized in a certain state and formally received equal rights with other recognized denominations. At that time, Lithuania was the first country in Central and Eastern Europe to officially recognize the Old Believers (Pomorian) Church.

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Jan II van Coninxloo en zijn werkzaamheden voor het benedictinessenklooster van Groot-Bijgaarden bij Brussel

Oud Holland - Quarterly for Dutch Art History ◽

10.1163/187501798x00293 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 112 (2-3) ◽

pp. 104-126

Author(s):

Frank Van Der Ploeg

Keyword(s):

Significant Part ◽

The Veil ◽

First Time ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Church ◽

Insight Into

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between the Brussels painter Jan 11 van Coninxloo (ca. 1489-1561 or later) and the Benedictine convent of Groot-Bijgaarden. In earlier publications by J. Maquet-Tombu the link between certain members of the Van Coninxloo family and the Vorst convent have already been pointed out. A new chapter can now be added. In the archive of Groot-Bijgaarden convent are two books in which payments made by the prioresses Françoise and Catherine van Straten for the dccoration of the convent and the church are recorded. The books list a separate item for painting and polychrome work. Here, for the first time, the name Jan van Coninxloo crops up in connection with a sum paid for painting the side panels of the main altar. Van Coninxloo was also paid for painting organ doors, a vaulted ceiling and for 'rough painting'. Four triptychs by Van Coninxloo have also been preserved; they were commissions from women of noble birth who had taken the veil. The names of three of these nuns are known: Anthonine de Locquenghien, Berbel van dcr Noot and Marie Brant. The fourth was called Barbara (Berbel). In view of all this material it may be concluded that Van Coninxloo played a significant part in the decorative appearance of the convent church. He was responsible for triptychs on altars dedicated to St. Anne, St. John and St. Benedict. He also painted the smaller triptych with the Seven Sorrows of the Virgin, the panels of the high altar, doors for an organ and (part of) the ceiling decorations. The article offers a new insight into the context of a group of paintings and adds a number of works to Jan 11 van Coninxloo's oeuvre.

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Food Relations of Ukraine and the RSFSR in 1918 − the first half of 1919

Roxolania Historĭca = Historical Roxolania ◽

10.15421/30190215 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 237

Author(s):

Dmytro Arkhireyskyi

Keyword(s):

Communist Regime ◽

Food Crisis ◽

Agricultural Resources ◽

Trade Relations ◽

Self Help ◽

Economic Methods ◽

History Of ◽

Soviet Russia ◽

First Time ◽

The Relationship

The purpose of the article is to establish and investigate the dependence of the population of Soviet Russia, which in 1918 − the first half of 1919 was suffering from the food crisis caused by the policy of the Bolsheviks, as well as the communist regime itself on Ukrainian food, also, to review the plans of the RSFSR leadership on Ukrainian agricultural resources in the context of the actual conquest of Russia by Ukraine in early 1919.Methods of research: chronological, structural-system, logical-historical.The main results. The reasons for the birth in Russia in 1918 of the traffic of bagmen and the peculiarities of the penetration of Russian private suppliers into the territory of Ukraine were researched; the reaction of the Ukrainian State to the appearance of Russian bagmen in the country was studied; the level of efficiency of trade relations of independent Ukraine and RSFSR is analyzed; the relationship between the food situation in Russia and the attempts of the Bolsheviks to overcome it by establishing control over Ukrainian bread in the first half of 1919 was established; it has been proved that the establishment of the Bolshevik authorities in Ukraine and the introduction of the policy of the War Communism here meant the use of force, non-economic methods of influencing Ukrainian peasants for the purpose of actually extracting food resources from them.Practical significance. The results of the article are recommended for use in synthetic works on the history of Ukraine and Russia during the revolution period of 1917−1921, as well as for the development of special courses on the history of Ukraine, Russia and Eastern Europe. These materials can also be used to promote historical knowledge.Originality. The article is completely original, performed on the basis of the generalization of the experience of a number of domestic and foreign researchers with the involvement of archival and narrative sources.Scientific novelty. For the first time in the national historiography, the data revealing the reasons and the peculiarities of the food crisis in Soviet Russia in 1918, and also the doom of a significant part of the Russians to self-help, were synthesized and investigated; the dependence of the starving population of Russia and its authorities on Ukrainian food was first shown; the ways of obtaining Ukrainian bread by Russian bagmen and the Bolshevik regime in the context of the events of the end of 1918 − the first half of 1919 were highlighted.Type of article: anlytical.

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THE PROBLEM OF ATTRIBUTION OF PRODUCTS OF THE TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL PARTNERSHIP “P.I. OLOVYANISHNIKOV'S SONS” IN THE LIGHT OF NEW INFORMATION ABOUT THE COMPANY

Articult ◽

10.28995/2227-6165-2020-4-92-103 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 92-103

Author(s):

Sergey S. Pankratov ◽

Keyword(s):

Reference Materials ◽

New Information ◽

Product Separation ◽

Industrial Partnership ◽

First Time ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Church

The article is devoted to the problem of attribution of individual works of the commercial and industrial partnership “P.I. Olovyanishnikov's sons”. The article describes for the first time previously unknown divisions of the Partnership, such as the icon painting studio, painting, embroidery and carpentry workshops, brocade factory, and indicates sources confirming their existence. The date of creation of the Church utensils factory in Moscow has been revealed. For the first time, the structure of the Partnership, its staff and their qualifications are analyzed. The relationship between the Partnership and the Stroganov school is revealed. The article analyzes the relationship between Olovyanishnikov and other manufacturers of art products and the artist M.V. Nesterov. The article describes the principles of product separation depending on its artistic merits. We consider the profile reference materials printed publications of the enterprise, which contain information about the types of products of the Partnership.

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Old Believers' Churches Built According to the Projects of E. Bondarenko in Moscow and Moscow Province

SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL “ACADEMIA ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION” ◽

10.22337/2077-9038-2019-1-12-17 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 12-17

Author(s):

Evgenia I. Kirichenko

Keyword(s):

Religious Freedom ◽

18Th Century ◽

Direct Consequence ◽

Equal Rights ◽

Old Believers ◽

Moscow Province ◽

October 17 ◽

First Time

The article contains a brief description of the four Old Believers' churches, built according to the designs of architect I.E. Bondarenko (three in Moscow and one in Moscow province) in the second half of the 1900s - the first half of the 1910s. The very possibility of building Old Believers' churches was a direct consequence of the revolutionary events unfolding in Russia and October 17, 1906, Supreme Decree on Religious Freedom, for the first time since Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and Patriarch Nikon, giving the Old Believers equal rights with the dominant church. The issuance of this decreeled to the explosive volume of Old Believer construction in Russia, including Moscow, which in the second half of the 18th century became the true capital of Russian Old Believers. For Bondarenko, the issuance of this decree also became fateful. For the decade of 1906-1916 (in February 1917, a revolution began in Russia that put an end to this construction), the design of Old Believers' churches became the main business of the architect. According to his projects, 12 churches were built, including four described in the article published below.

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Early Tudor Canopywork at the Hospital of St Cross, Winchester

The Antiquaries Journal ◽

10.1017/s0003581500073765 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 82 ◽

pp. 125-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Angela Smith ◽

Nicholas Riall

Keyword(s):

Sixteenth Century ◽

First Time ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Church

A fascinating example of early sixteenth-century carving is preserved in the church of the Hospital of St Cross, near Winchester, in the form of three sections of wooden frieze. The frieze is carved with a profusion of Renaissance imagery that has until now received little attention. The carved imagery of the frieze will be examined here in detail for the first time, along with its association with Richard Fox, Bishop of Winchester 1501–28. The relationship between the imagery of the frieze and the decorative detail in other works associated with Fox will be discussed and its similarities to French models. A traditional dating of the frieze to 1525 or thereabouts will be challenged in favour of an earlier date and its likely association with stallwork discussed.

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Political Events of February 1917 in the Diocesan Periodicals of Western Siberia

Nauchnyy dialog ◽

10.24224/2227-1295-2020-12-227-238 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 227-238

Author(s):

A. A. Valitov ◽

D. Yu. Fedotova

Keyword(s):

Western Siberia ◽

The Political ◽

Russian Orthodox ◽

Orthodox Church ◽

Russian Orthodox Church ◽

Historical Justice ◽

Political Events ◽

First Time ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Church

The events of February 1917, presented on the pages of the church periodicals of Western Siberia, is examined in the article. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that for the first time in Russian historiography the political upheavals of this period have been analyzed on the basis of materials from regional diocesan records. The authors note that the diocesan records are an important historical source. A detailed analysis of the content of articles of Omsk, Tobolsk, Tomsk periodicals (“Diocesan Gazette”) on the presentation of the political events of February 1917 in them is carried out. The novelty of the research lies in identifying the attitude of the regional clergy to the revolutionary events in the period from February to April 1917. The presented results of the comparative analysis can be grouped according to the chronology and significance of the events that took place. The article concludes that it was during this period that one could hear the opinion of the Russian Orthodox Church on political changes in the country. It is noted that of particular interest were the issues of the relationship between the Church and the Provisional Government, this topic remained the most acute after the fall of the monarchy. It is shown that the representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church wanted to restore historical justice and receive autonomous government and independence from the secular authorities.

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Inspection of the Monastic Hegumens of Lviv Union Eparchy in 1724

Scientific Papers of the Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsyiubynskyi State Pedagogical University Series History ◽

10.31652/2411-2143-2021-36-93-103 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 93-103

Author(s):

Andrii Pavlyshyn ◽

Keyword(s):

Xviii Century ◽

History Of ◽

Monastic Communities ◽

The Right ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Historical Methods ◽

First Time ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Church ◽

Real State

The aim of the research is to introduce an important source of the history of the church, in particular the monasticism of the Lviv Union eparchy of the first half of the XVIII century into scientific circulation – “Inspection of the hegumens of the Lviv eparchy in 1724”. The methodology of the researchis based on the principles of historicism, analytical and synthetic critique of sources. Comparative and typological general historical methods are also used.The scientific noveltyis in the introduction of the source, which most fully reflects the real state of monasticism of the Lviv eparchy in the first quarter of the XVIII century into wide circulation for the first time. Conclusions: As a result of archival searches, a historical source “Inspection of the hegumens of Lviv eparchyin 1724”was discovered and put into scientific circulation. It is the first complete description of the existing monasteries of the Lviv dioceseand allows to recreate their detailed network at the first quarter of the XVIII century. For the first time, the document also reliably outlines the number of monastic communities in the eparchy. Onthebasisofinspection it can be stated that the Lviv Union diocesein 1724 had 62 monasteries with 341 monks. The source also allows us to trace the power of bishops over monasteries, in particular the mechanism of hegumens subordination to bishops. The document contains valuable information about the relationship of monasteries, in particular the subordination of smaller monastic communities to larger ones. No less important are the sources about the economic situation of the monasteries.In 1724, only 34 out of 62 monasteries, showed documents for the right to own some land plots, which allows us to speak of a relatively modest monastic farming. “Inspection of the hegumens of the Lviv eparchy in 1724”, is a key source that allows us to characterize not only the state of monasteries, but also the Lviv eparchy in general in the first decades after the adoption of the Brest Union by the diocese.

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“MESSAGE” BY I. GERASIMOV: PEASANT APOLOGY OF SPASOVO DENOMINATION IN THE MIDDLE OF THE 19TH CENTURY

Study of Religion ◽

10.22250/2072-8662.2021.1.91-96 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 91-96

Author(s):

ARTEM V. KRESTYANINOV ◽

◽

ANDREY U. MIKHAILOV ◽

Keyword(s):

19Th Century ◽

Time Interval ◽

Orthodox Church ◽

Old Believers ◽

Xix Century ◽

The 19Th Century ◽

First Time ◽

The Church

The article presents a message of the Old Believers’ Spasovo denomination by a peasant Ivan Gerasimov from the Kazan Province. The document is introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The approximate date of writing this text refers to the time interval between June 15, 1849 and June 10, 1850. The appearance of the “message” was caused by the reaction of I. Gerasimov to the initiation of an investigative case against him with apostasy of schism. Like most representatives of the Spasovo denomination (“glukhoy netovshchiny” or “starospasovtsev”), he was baptized in the Orthodox Church. However, like other old believers, I. Gerasimov denied the existence of the church, and thus did not perform the rites accepted in the Orthodox Church, which was a formal reason for accusing him of evading a split. It was in the process of investigation that he wrote this message, the recipient of which was the local Orthodox priesthood. The uniqueness of this source lies in the fact that the message is one of the rare written documents that emerged in the first half of the XIX century...

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MYRHOROD DOCUMENTS FROM THE “BOOK-ARCHIVE” OF THE SAVIOR-TRANSFIGURATION MGARSKY MONASTERY OF THE XVII-XVIII CENTURIES

Kyiv Historical Studies ◽

10.28925/2524-0757.2020.2.17 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 125-130

Author(s):

Yurii Mytsyk

Keyword(s):

City Government ◽

Historical Sources ◽

Central State ◽

Archival Documents ◽

History Of ◽

Relationship Of ◽

First Time ◽

The Relationship ◽

The City ◽

The Church

This article presents archival documents of the Cossack era from the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Kyiv. These are the universals of hetmans and colonels concerning the Mhar Monastery, its estates, its relations with Lubny and Zaporizhzhia Sich. The immediate task is the introduction into scientific circulation, the actualization of hitherto unknown historical sources that are important for the history of Ukraine, especially for the history of such a region as Poltava region. In the above-mentioned archives, hitherto unknown documents were discovered and published for the first time. The vast majority of documents belong to other categories of act documents — gifts, merchants, wills, court rulings. They shed light on the city government of Lubnу, the history of the relationship of general and regimental power with the Church, especially with the Mhar Monastery, the mechanism of increasing its land ownership. In general, the documents published here shed additional light on the history of Poltava region of the last third of the 17 — early 18 centuries. The article also contains previously unknown documents concerning the past of Poltava region of hetman times, towns and villages of Lubny, Myrhorod and Poltava regiments, Mhar monastery, their socio-economic, political history.

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“Militant Piety” in 21st-Century Orthodox Christianity: Return to Classical Traditions or Formation of a New Theology of War?

Religions ◽

10.3390/rel11010002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 2

Author(s):

Boris Knorre ◽

Aleksei Zygmont

Keyword(s):

Orthodox Christianity ◽

Power Structures ◽

Cultural Attitudes ◽

Religious Consciousness ◽

Classical Traditions ◽

Soviet Russia ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Church ◽

Hybrid Forms

The article focuses on the reclaiming of militaristic ideas and the emergence of specific “militant piety” and “theology of war” in the Orthodox discourse of post-Soviet Russia. It scrutinizes the increasing prestige of soldiering in the Church and its convergence with the army. This convergence generates particular hybrid forms, in which Church rituals and symbols interact with military ones, leading to a “symbolic reception of war” in Orthodoxy. The authors show that militaristic ideas are getting influence not only in the post-Soviet but also in American Orthodoxy; they consider this parallel as evidence that the process is caused not only by the political context—the revival of neo-imperial ideas in Russia and the increasing role of power structures in public administration—but is conditioned by socio-cultural attitudes inherent in Orthodox tradition, forming a type of militant religiosity called “militant piety”. This piety is not a matter of fundamentalism only; it represents the essential layer of religious consciousness in Orthodoxy reflected in modern Church theology, rhetoric, and aesthetics. The authors analyze war rhetoric while applying approaches of Karen Armstrong, Mark Juergensmeyer, R. Scott Appleby, and other theoreticians of the relationship between religion and violence.

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