scholarly journals Facilitating Memory-Based Lie Detection in Immediate and Delayed Interviewing: The Role of Sketch Mnemonic

Psichologija ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 68-89
Author(s):  
Aleksandras Izotovas ◽  
Aldert Vrij ◽  
Leif A. Strömwall ◽  
Samantha Mann
Keyword(s):  
Lie Detection ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Investigative Interviewing ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Memory Decay ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Memory Enhancing

Memory enhancing techniques, or mnemonics, are typically recommended in evidence-based investigative interviewing guidelines. In the current study, the use of a sketch mnemonic and its effect on the responses of truth tellers and liars was examined. Participants (n = 49) watched a mock intelligence operation video. They were instructed to tell the truth or lie about this operation in an interview immediately afterwards, and again after a two-week delay. In both interviews participants were requested to make a sketch of the place of the mock operation, and then to verbally describe the drawing. Results revealed that truth tellers reported more visual, spatial, temporal, and action details than liars in the immediate interview. Truth tellers also reported more spatial, temporal and action details than liars in the delayed interview. Truth tellers experienced a decline in reporting action details after the delay, whereas liars did not show a decline in reporting any details over time. Thus, truth-tellers showed patterns of reporting indicative of genuine memory decay, whereas liars produced patterns reflecting a ‘stability bias’. Between-statement consistency was not different across veracity conditions.

The role of the SCPHN school nurse in raising awareness of female genital mutilation

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
Emma Nicolaas ◽  
Dwynwen Spargo
Keyword(s):  
Support Services ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
Community Leader ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Female Genital

Migration has resulted in specialist community public health nurses (SCPHN), specifically SCPHN school nurses, encountering female genital mutilation (FGM) more commonly in practice, requiring them to upskill to offer support and raise awareness ( Robinson, 2011 ). A policy was critically analysed, and a literature review conducted, to identify evidence-based strategies to enable the SCPHNSN to effectively raise FGM awareness to school-aged pupils. The findings highlighted three themes – Education, cultural influence and community leader and FGM survivor engagement, which translated into practice as a SCPHNSN-led FGM education project ( Diop and Askew, 2009 , Adeniran et al. 2015 , Galukande et al. 2015 , Raible et al. 2017 , Connelly et al. 2018 , Johnson et al. 2018 ). A project such as this would enable the SCPHNSN to raise pupil awareness, increase knowledge of support services, achieving practice decline over time.

Artikel

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Bergmark
Keyword(s):  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
National Board ◽  
Scientific Controversies ◽  
Professional Fields ◽  
Over Time

Evidence-based practice (EBP) has been advocated since the beginning of the 1990s and is today, at least within the western hemisphere, an established doctrine in many professional fields. This holds true also for addiction treatment. Over time EBP has come to signify a more general orientation to a scientifically secured knowledgebase and by this partly obscuring the fact there exists different and to some extent contradictory opinions on how EBP should be implemented. The paper aims at an analysis of the newly published Swedish national guidelines for addiction treatment. The analysis addresses several dimensions of the guidelines: a) the quality of the guidelines in terms of their scientific underpinning. b) The usefulness of the guidelines, i.e. to what extent it is possible to use the guidelines in actual practice. c). How the guidelines were produced (time-aspects, involvement of experts and the role of the National Board of Health and welfare as the responsible organisation). d) To what extent the guidelines have been developed with reference to and a discussion of some of the major scientific controversies related to the EBP issue.

Social work research over time

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Social Work Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Over Time

This chapter talks about the influence of scholars' general worldview on how they see social work. Turning its gaze to the past, the chapter briefly demonstrates how the ways scholars write and speak about research have changed, giving significant space to the role of experimentation in social work. The chapter examines the idea of the experimenting society, especially through the work of Ada Sheffield; at the success story of evidence based practice; and at a forgotten strand of experimental sociology. It then moves to consider the emergence of innovations in social work, taking task-centred social work as a main example. The ground covered in this chapter distinctively exemplifies the point regarding the synthesis of scepticism and practicality.

scholarly journals Sustaining an Evidence-Based Program Over Time: Moderators of Sustainability and the Role of the Getting to Outcomes® Implementation Support Intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 807-819
Author(s):  
Joie Acosta ◽  
Matthew Chinman ◽  
Patricia A. Ebener ◽  
Patrick S. Malone ◽  
Jill S. Cannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Based ◽  
Implementation Support ◽  
Support Intervention ◽  
Getting To Outcomes ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Mnemonic Techniques and Lie Detection: Accuracy of Truth and Deception Judgments in Repeated Accounts

Psichologija ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Aleksandras Izotovas ◽  
Aldert Vrij ◽  
Leif A. Strömwall
Keyword(s):  
Lie Detection ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chance Level ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Verbal Cues ◽  
Memory Decay ◽  
Memory Enhancing ◽  
Mnemonic Techniques

This study was an examination into whether the use of memory-enhancing techniques (mnemonics) in interviews can be helpful to distinguish truth tellers from liars. In the previous study (Izotovas et al., 2018), it was found that when mnemonic techniques were used in the interview immediately after the event, truth-tellers reported more details than liars in those immediate interviews and again after a delay. Moreover, truth-tellers, but not liars, showed patterns of reporting indicative of genuine memory decay. In the current experiment, participants (n = 92) were asked to read the repeated statements reported by participants in the Izotovas et al.’s (2018) study and decide whether the statements they read were truthful or deceptive. One group of participants (informed condition) received information about the findings of the previous study before reading the statement. The other group received no information before reading the statement (uninformed condition). After participants made veracity judgements, they were asked an open-ended question asking what factors influenced their credibility decision. Although truthful statements were judged more accurately in the informed condition (65.2%) than in the uninformed condition (47.8%), this difference was not significant. In both conditions deceptive statements were detected at chance level (52.2%). Participants who relied on the self-reported diagnostic verbal cues to deceit were not more accurate than participants who self-reported unreliable cues. This could happen because only the minority of participants (27.4%) in both conditions based their decisions on diagnostic cues to truth/deceit.

Role of State Mental Health Leaders in Supporting Evidence-Based Practices over Time

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M. Jones ◽  
Gary R. Bond ◽  
Alison E. Peterson ◽  
Robert E. Drake ◽  
Gregory J. McHugo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
State Mental Health ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
State Mental ◽  
Over Time

Working Memory and Number Sense as Predictors of Mathematical (Dis-)Ability

2015 ◽  
Vol 223 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn H. Kroesbergen ◽  
Marloes van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Number Sense ◽  
Mathematical Learning ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Mathematical Learning Disabilities ◽  
Visual Spatial Working Memory ◽  
And Mathematics

Recent research has pointed to two possible causes of mathematical (dis-)ability: working memory and number sense, although only few studies have compared the relations between working memory and mathematics and between number sense and mathematics. In this study, both constructs were studied in relation to mathematics in general, and to mathematical learning disabilities (MLD) in particular. The sample consisted of 154 children aged between 6 and 10 years, including 26 children with MLD. Children performing low on either number sense or visual-spatial working memory scored lower on math tests than children without such a weakness. Children with a double weakness scored the lowest. These results confirm the important role of both visual-spatial working memory and number sense in mathematical development.

Self-Regulatory Aspects of Bullshitting and Bullshit Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-253
Author(s):  
John V. Petrocelli ◽  
Haley F. Watson ◽  
Edward R. Hirt
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Based ◽  
Regulatory Aspects

Abstract. Two experiments investigate the role of self-regulatory resources in bullshitting behavior (i.e., communicating with little to no regard for evidence, established knowledge, or truth; Frankfurt, 1986 ; Petrocelli, 2018a ), and receptivity and sensitivity to bullshit. It is hypothesized that evidence-based communication and bullshit detection require motivation and considerably greater self-regulatory resources relative to bullshitting and insensitivity to bullshit. In Experiment 1 ( N = 210) and Experiment 2 ( N = 214), participants refrained from bullshitting only when they possessed adequate self-regulatory resources and expected to be held accountable for their communicative contributions. Results of both experiments also suggest that people are more receptive to bullshit, and less sensitive to detecting bullshit, under conditions in which they possess relatively few self-regulatory resources.

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