scholarly journals Educational opportunities and prospects. From the notes of Wilhelmina Zyndram-Kościałkowska

2021 ◽  
pp. 158-182
Author(s):  
Dawid Maria Osiński
Keyword(s):  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Alma Mater ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Intellectual Community ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
Historical Archives ◽  
Intellectual Identity ◽  
Vilnius University ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the article is an attempt to define the nature and specificity of opportunities and perspectives of education in the autobiographical reflection of Wilhelmina Zyndram-Kościałkowska (1844–1926), who was a friend of Eliza Orzeszkowa. The author uses the manuscripts of the writer collected in the Lithuanian State Historical Archives in Vilnius. The essence of the research is the question – how Kościałkowska defines the opportunities and perspectives of education. The reflection on them becomes the fundamental way of defining and diagnosing the intellectual identity of the community, of which Kościałkowska feels an integral part. The article is divided into several most important issues focused on education within the walls of Vilnius University, the founding fathers of Vilnius Alma Mater, reflection on the educational activities of Eliza Orzeszkowa, the impact of russification on education in the territories annexed by Russia, the role of memoranda on education, the concept of superpowerhood as well as the importance of language as a tool and code integrating the national and intellectual community.

The impact of immunotherapy education on GI cancers.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 479-479
Author(s):  
Kinjal Parikh ◽  
Katie Lucero ◽  
Charlotte Warren ◽  
Emily Sherene Van Laar ◽  
Patrick Kugel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Clinical Trial Data ◽  
Trial Data ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Gi Cancers ◽  
The Impact

479 Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a heterogeneous group of cancers with varying underlying pathophysiology and distinct treatment paradigms. Immunotherapy (IO) is unique in each of the subtypes and biomarkers utility varies. With the expansion of IO in each cancer subtypes, education remains essential to optimize patient outcomes through integration of the latest evidence-based data at point of care. Through the partnership between Medscape Oncology and the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer, 2 educational activities were designed to increase the knowledge and competence of oncologists surrounding the role of IO in patients with advanced GI cancers. Methods: The 2 educational activities included a text based online activity with 3 chapters focused on gastroesophageal cancers, colorectal cancers, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and a 30-minute online, video discussion with 3 faculty and synchronized slides on HCC. Educational effectiveness was assessed with repeated paired pre/post assessment where learners served as their own controls. A chi-square test was used to identify statistical significance in proportion of correct responses. The first activity launched 11/27/2019 and the second activity launched on 5/8/20. Data were collected and reported through 8/25/2020. Results: A total of 8433 learners, including 1543 oncologists, participated from 11/2019 through 8/2020. Participation in education resulted in significant relative improvements among oncologist learners on IO in GI cancers in (n = 641): 110%: role or eligibility of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) (p < .001) 38%: clinical trial data of ICIs (p < .001) Subsequent education on unresectable HCC demonstrated a significant relative improvement in both knowledge and competence for oncologist learners (n = 902): 19%: regarding clinical trial data in unresectable HCC (p = .073) 19%; competence identifying role of ICIs in unresectable HCC (p < .05) 59%: competence managing irAEs in unresectable HCC (p < .001). Conclusions: These 2 online CME-certified educational activities resulted in statistically significant gains in oncologist knowledge surrounding the use of IO in advanced GI cancers Follow-up education on HCC demonstrated the value and benefit of multi-modal and sequential activities on improving competence among oncologists caring for patients with unresectable HCC There remains a need for continuous education as more oncologists utilize IO in their practice while the understanding and availability of clinical data continues to expand and evolve in the varying GI cancer subtypes. More than 50% of learners continued to demonstrate a need in understanding the clinical trial data or role of IO in metastatic GI cancers with more than 40% of the learners demonstrating continued need on clinical trial data or role of IO in HCC specifically.

scholarly journals The role of the World Health Organization country programs in the development of virology in Spain, 1951-1975

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 187-210
Author(s):  
María Isabel Porras ◽  
María José Báguena
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
World Health ◽  
Historical Archives ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Within the framework of recent historiography about the role of the World Health Organization (WHO) in modernizing public health and the multifaceted concept of global health, this study addresses the impact of the WHO’s “country programs” in Spain from the time it was admitted to this organization in 1951 to 1975. This research adopts a transnational historical perspective and emphasizes attention to the circulation of health knowledge, practices, and people, and focuses on the Spain-0001 and Spain-0025programs, their role in the development of virology in Spain, and the transformation of public health. Sources include historical archives (WHO, the Spanish National Health School), various WHO publications, the contemporary medical press, and a selection of the Spanish general press.

Intergroup Threat and Outgroup Attitudes

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Brambilla ◽  
David A. Butz
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Intergroup Threat ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
General Climate

Two studies examined the impact of macrolevel symbolic threat on intergroup attitudes. In Study 1 (N = 71), participants exposed to a macrosymbolic threat (vs. nonsymbolic threat and neutral topic) reported less support toward social policies concerning gay men, an outgroup whose stereotypes implies a threat to values, but not toward welfare recipients, a social group whose stereotypes do not imply a threat to values. Study 2 (N = 78) showed that, whereas macrolevel symbolic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward gay men, macroeconomic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward Asians, an outgroup whose stereotypes imply an economic threat. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the role of a general climate of threat in shaping intergroup attitudes.

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