scholarly journals Changes in the Concept of Lithuanian Identity in Public Consciousness in 2008–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-83
Author(s):  
Aida Savicka
Keyword(s):  
European Identity ◽  
European Values Survey ◽  
Differentiation Factors ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
European Values ◽  
Identity Based

What is the prevailing concept of Lithuanian identity and the importance of different criteria used to define it? How do they fit in with the newly constructed European identity? Based on the data of the European Values Survey, the article analyzes the dominant notion of Lithuanian identity in our society, the importance of criteria used to define it, and the dynamics of evaluations of the importance of these criteria in the period from 2008 to 2017, revealing essential sociodemographic and other differentiation factors. The problem of the complex interrelationship between a Lithuanian and European identity is also examined, denying the myths of their inevitable contradiction.

Memorialising Europe

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jan Margry
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Civil Religion ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
European Identity ◽  
European Values ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Political Unification ◽  
European Form

In the economic and political unification process of Europe, the idea of the creation of a pan-European identity was put high on the political agenda. With the failure of this effort, the emphasis shifted to the apparently less fraught concept of 'shared cultural heritage'. This article analyses how the politically guided rediscovery of Europe's past has contributed to the creation of a 'Religion of Heritage', not only by raising up a political altar for cultural heritage, but also through the revitalisation, instrumentalisation and transformation of the Christian heritage, in order to try to memorialise and affirm a collective European identity based on its Christian past. In the context of this process, the network of European pilgrims' ways appears to have been an especially successful performative form of heritage creation, which has both dynamised Christian roots as a relevant trans-European form of civil religion that has taken shape, capitalising on the new religious and spiritual demands created by secularisation, and responded to the demand for shared - and Christian inspired - European values and meanings in times of uncertainty and crisis.

The Concept of European Values

Cultura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-117
Author(s):  
Sanja IVIC
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greece ◽  
European Identity ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
European Heritage ◽  
Political Approach ◽  
European Values ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Homogeneous Culture ◽  
Rules Of The Game

This inquiry investigates the concept of European values and cultural, philosophical, legal and political presuppositions on which the idea of European values is based. There are two approaches to the idea of European values. The first one is substantive approach (and includes philosophical, ethical, religious and ideological understanding of values). The substantive approach defines European values as based on the European heritage (ancient Greece and Rome, Christianity, Renaissance and humanism, Enlightenment and liberal traditions). This conception of European values is fixed. Another understanding of European values is represented by legal/political approach (that includes the definition of European values within European treatises, declarations, charters and other documents). Legal and political definition of European values includes: human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights. Most authors consider that only from this second level, from legal and political definition, general features of European values can be achieved, that is, universal rules of the game. This paper shows how these two different approaches can be integrated, relying on John Rawls’s idea of overlapping consensus. It should be emphasized that the question of European values and European identity is still a topic of debate. There are different definitions and interpretations of these concepts, regardless of the legal definitions within the framework of European declarations and treaties. European identity (based on European values) is a polyphonic category, which cannot be founded on monolithic definitions. Otherwise, the entire continent would fall under the rule of one homogeneous culture.

scholarly journals European Identity and Redistributive Preferences

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Costa-Font ◽  
Frank Cowell
Keyword(s):  
European Identity ◽  
Single Currency ◽  
National Pride ◽  
Preferences For Redistribution ◽  
European Values Survey ◽  
Comparable Effect ◽  
European Values ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spatial Identity ◽  
Equivalent Reduction

How important is spatial identity in shifting preferences for redistribution? This paper takes advantage of within-country variability in the adoption of a single currency as an instrument to examine the impact of the rescaling of spatial identity in Europe. We draw upon data from the last three decades of waves of the European Values Survey and we examine the impact of joining the single currency on preferences for redistribution. Our instrumentation strategy relies on using the exogenous effect of joining a common currency, alongside a battery of robustness checks and alternative instruments. Our findings suggest that joining the euro has a boosting effect on European identity; an opposite and comparable effect is found for national pride. We find that European identity increases preferences for redistribution, and that national pride exerts an equivalent reduction in preferences for redistribution.

The European identity formation in Ukraine

2017 ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
Larysa Kovryk-Tokar
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
European Integration ◽  
European Community ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Political Integration ◽  
European Identity ◽  
European Values

Every nation is quite diverse in terms of his historical destiny, spiritual priorities, and cultural heritage. However, voluntary European integration, which is the final aim of political integration that began in the second half of the twentieth century from Western Europe, provided for an availability of large number of characteristics in common in political cultures of their societies. Therefore, Ukraine needs to find some common determinants that can create inextricable relationship between the European Community and Ukraine. Although Ukrainian culture is an intercultural weave of two East macrocivilizations, according to the author, Ukraine tends to Western-style society with its openness, democracy, tolerance, which constitute the basic values of Europeans. Keywords: Identity, collective identity, European values, European integration

scholarly journals The Reconstruction of the European Mind: T. S. Eliot’s Criterion and the Idea of Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Vanheste
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Specific Role ◽  
The Political ◽  
European Identity ◽  
Hugo Von Hofmannsthal ◽  
Jose Ortega Y Gasset ◽  
European Culture ◽  
European Tradition ◽  
Political Events ◽  
European Values

T. S. Eliot was the founder and editor of the Criterion, a literary and cultural review with a European focus that was published during the interwar period. The Criterion functioned as a platform for intellectuals with a shared perception of European culture and European identity. It was part of a network of European periodicals that facilitated an intellectual exchange between writers and thinkers with a common orientation. Examples of other reviews in the Criterion network were the Nouvelle Revue Française from France, La Fiera Letteraria and Il Convegno from Italy, the Revista de Occidente from Spain (edited by José Ortega y Gasset), and Die Neue Rundschau, the Europäische Revue, and the Neue deutsche Beiträge (edited by Hugo von Hofmannsthal) from Germany. In this article, I investigate the specific role the Criterion network of reviews and intellectuals played as an infrastructure for the dissemination of ideas about European culture during the interwar period. I also discuss the content of these ideas about the ‘European mind’. As to the latter, I suggest that Eliot positioned himself as well as his magazine in the European tradition of humanist thinking. Unfortunately, the Criterion’s ambition for a reconstruction of the European mind would dissipate as the European orientation of the 1920s was displaced by the political events of the 1930s. Eliot and his Criterion network expressed a Europeanism that has often been overlooked in recent research. The ideas discussed in this network remain interesting in our time, in which discussions about European values and European identity are topical. What is also highly interesting is the role cultural reviews played during the interwar period as a medium for exchanging such ideas.

The Effect of Terrorism on Judicial Confidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 790-802
Author(s):  
Steven V. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Due Process ◽  
Judicial Independence ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Security Dilemma ◽  
European Values Survey ◽  
European Values ◽  
Global Terrorism ◽  
Global Terrorism Database

Independent judiciaries prevent democratic reversals, facilitate peaceful transitions of power, and legitimate democracy among citizens. We believe this judicial independence is important for citizen-level judicial confidence and faith in democratic institutions. I challenge this and argue that citizens living under terror threats lose confidence in their independent judiciaries. Terror threats lead citizens to enable the state leader to provide counterterrorism for their security, which has important implications for interbranch relations between the executive and the judiciary. Citizens lose confidence in independent judiciaries that provide due process for suspected terrorists. I test my argument with mixed effects models that incorporate the Global Terrorism Database and four waves of European Values Survey. The analyses demonstrate the negative effects of terror threats on judicial confidence when interacting terror threats with measures of judicial independence. My findings have important implications for the study of democratic confidence and the liberty-security dilemma.

The Country'S Crime Rate Moderates the Relation between Authoritarian Predispositions and the Manifestations of Authoritarianism: A Multilevel, Multinational Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Roccato ◽  
Alessio Vieno ◽  
Silvia Russo
Keyword(s):  
Crime Rate ◽  
European Association ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
European Values Survey ◽  
European Values ◽  
High Crime ◽  
Racial Intolerance

We performed a multilevel, multinational test of Stenner's model on authoritarianism using the 2008 European Values Survey dataset (N = 55 199, nested in 38 nations). We focussed on the effects exerted on four authoritarian manifestations (racial intolerance, political intolerance, negative attitudes towards immigrants, and moral intolerance) by the cross–level interaction between participants’ authoritarian predispositions (assessed in terms of childrearing values) and their country's crime rate. Associations between authoritarian predispositions and racial intolerance, political intolerance, negative attitudes towards immigrants, and moral intolerance were significantly stronger among participants living in countries characterised by high crime rates than those among participants living in countries with low crime rates. Limitations, implications, and future directions of this study are discussed. Copyright © 2013 European Association of Personality Psychology.

scholarly journals Alternatives to Aging Alone?: “Kinlessness” and the Importance of Friends Across European Contexts

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1416-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine A Mair
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
European Values Survey ◽  
European Values ◽  
Sources Of Support ◽  
Alternative Sources

Abstract Objectives Increasing numbers of older adults cross-nationally are without children or partners in later life and therefore likely have greater reliance on nonkin (e.g., friends). This pattern may be particularly pronounced in country contexts that emphasize friendship. This article hypothesizes that those who lack kin (e.g., children, partners) and/or who live in countries with a stronger emphasis on friendship have more friends in their networks. Although these hypothesized patterns are consistent with interdisciplinary literatures, they have not been tested empirically and therefore remain overlooked in current “aging alone” narratives. Method This study combines individual-level data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (Wave 6) with nation-level data from the European Values Survey to estimate multilevel negative binomial models exploring number of friends among those aged more than 50 years who lack kin across 17 countries. Results Older adults who lack kin or whose kin are unavailable report more friends in their networks, particularly in countries with a higher percentage of people who believe that friends are “very important” in life. Discussion This article challenges dominating assumptions about “aging alone” that rely heavily on lack of family as an indicator of “alone.” Future studies of “kinlessness” should consider the extent to which friendship is correlated with lack of kin, particularly in more socioeconomically developed countries. Previous research on “aging alone” may have overestimated risk in more privileged countries that already emphasize friendship, but underestimated risk in family-centered countries where “kinlessness” and alternative sources of support are less common.

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