scholarly journals ON THE POSSIBILITY OF USING CARBON ENTEROSORBENTS TO NORMALIZE CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
N. V. Sych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Carbon Adsorbents ◽  
Industrial Carbon

The creation of effective drugs for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis is one of the urgent interdisciplinary tasks for modern chemistry and pharmacology. Given the role of hypercholesterolemia in the development of this disease, it is necessary to remove excess amounts of cholesterol from the body. As an alternative to means of lowering total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, the possibility of using carbon enterosorbents for efferent therapy is considered. Aim. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the sorption capacity of the adsorbents developed by authors in terms of the possibility of cholesterol adsorption. Methods. Using the spectrophotometric method, the sorption of cholesterol on samples of adsorbents obtained by chemical activation of waste from the processing of lignocellulosic raw materials — dogwood and coffee residue has been studied. Results. A comparison of sorption isotherms with the isotherm obtained on the industrial adsorbent SORBEX has been performed. It was shown that the adsorption capacity of carbon adsorbents is primarily determined by their porous structure. The highest sorption values (7,3 mg/g) have been revealed by the sorption material obtained by chemical activation of cornel seed, an intermediate position (6,3 mg/g) is occupied by the adsorbent obtained from the coffee residue. Industrial carbon SORBEX has the lowest sorption values (5,3 mg/g). Conclusions. Calculations by Langmuir’s and Freundlich’s models testify about the accordance of the experimental data to Langmuir’s model. The use of the obtained activated carbons may be one of the effective alternative ways to lower blood cholesterol.

scholarly journals The Bioavailability and Biological Activities of Phytosterols as Modulators of Cholesterol Metabolism

Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
Xiang Li ◽  
Yan Xin ◽  
Yuqian Mo ◽  
Pavel Marozik ◽  
Taiping He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
The Body ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Liver X Receptor Α

Phytosterols are natural sterols widely found in plants that have a variety of physiological functions, and their role in reducing cholesterol absorption has garnered much attention. Although the bioavailability of phytosterols is only 0.5–2%, they can still promote cholesterol balance in the body. A mechanism of phytosterols for lowering cholesterol has now been proposed. They not only reduce the uptake of cholesterol in the intestinal lumen and affect its transport, but also regulate the metabolism of cholesterol in the liver. In addition, phytosterols can significantly reduce the plasma concentration of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), with a dose-response relationship. Ingestion of 3 g of phytosterols per day can reach the platform period, and this dose can reduce LDL-C by about 10.7%. On the other hand, phytosterols can also activate the liver X receptor α-CPY7A1 mediated bile acids excretion pathway and accelerate the transformation and metabolism of cholesterol. This article reviews the research progress of phytosterols as a molecular regulator of cholesterol and the mechanism of action for this pharmacological effect.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Alpukat Terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total Darah Pada Mahasiswa/i Obesitas Di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas HKBP Nommensen Medan Tahun 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Syupiarni Putri Waruwu ◽  
Joseph Partogi Sibarani ◽  
Saharnauli Janna Verawaty Simorangkir
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Blood Cholesterol Level ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Total Blood Cholesterol

Background: Cholesterol is a fat that does not dissolve easily in the blood. Most of the cholesterol in the blood is attached to specific protein carriers in the plasma in the form of lipoprotein complexes, which are soluble in water. Lipoprotein which carries cholesterol throughout the body. namely LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) and HDL (High Density Lipoprotein). An increase in LDL in the body tends to form atherosclerosis. In contrast HDL cholesterol inhibits LDL oxidation so that atherosclerotic plaque formation does not occur. Obesity is one of the risk factors for atherosclerosis with manifestations of coronary heart disease. Handling of obesity has been done by many researchers and implemented. One ingredient from nature that serves as an alternative ingredient to lower blood cholesterol levels is avocado. Objective: To determine the effect of avocado administration on total blood cholesterol levels in the obese college students at the Medical Faculty of Nommensen HKBP University in 2019. Methods :This research is a pre-experimental study with a pre-post test design in one group. The sample was selected by purposive sampling method and obtained 20 obese students. Subjects consumed avocado juice every day for 14 days. Total cholesterol levels were measured before (day 0) and after (day 14) treatment. Results: The mean total cholesterol level of the subject's blood on the pretest examination was 188.10 mg / dL and the posttest examination was 180.05 mg / dL. There was a decrease in the average total blood cholesterol level of 8.05 mg / dl. Paired T-test showed that there was a non-significant decrease in mean total blood cholesterol level with a value of p = 0.068 (p <0.05). Conclusion: In this study there was no effect of avocado administration on total blood cholesterol levels in obese students.

scholarly journals Calculation of the main technological parameters of the apparatus for receiving raw materials used in the production of medical application sorbent

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Ilnar A. Valeev ◽  
◽  
Irina V. Zhukova ◽  
Azat A. Girfanutdinov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Body ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Thermal Calculation ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Active Coal

Analysis of the consumption of activated carbon on the international market showed sufficient demand for this topic, both for medical and for most industries. Sorbents are a large class of drugs that are able to excrete a wide variety of toxic substances from the body. The activated carbon market in the Russian Federation was focused on the military-industrial complex, due to which the range of goods was very limited. Due to the current situation, activated carbons produced by our industry are universal and, therefore, ineffective for specific tasks. Based on this, the problem of inexpensive and effective sorbents is very relevant and the lack of active coal reaches several tens of thousands per year. This problem is being solved for the most part by importing the product. The urgency of the problem poses the task of quickly introducing this type of installation and effectively calculating its technical parameters for subsequent manufacturing. The task of the engineering method of calculation is the operational calculation of the given source data, the design parameters of the apparatus. The possibility of using waste wood processing enterprises has shown that the use of this type of raw material is justified and effective. Both in terms of cost, and in terms of beneficial use of tree illiquid. Technical innovations and proven solutions used in the experimental setup will significantly intensify the pyrolysis process while improving product quality and reducing its cost. An algorithm for calculating the main technical parameters of the camera. It includes several blocks responsible for each parameter. Calculation of geometric parameters allows you to develop an installation of strictly the required geometric size based on the necessary raw materials needs. Aerodynamic calculation takes into account the whole process of preparing raw materials and allows you to select the necessary attachments strictly according to the required parameters. Thermal calculation allows you to select the materials of the chamber from the required temperature range required for more efficient raw materials production with the optimal characteristics.

Alteration of Chemical Structure of the Active Vegetal Coals

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Raisa Nastas ◽  
Vasile Rusu ◽  
Maria Giurginca ◽  
Aurelia Meghea ◽  
Tudor Lupascu
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Active Carbons ◽  
Grape Seeds ◽  
Carboxylic Groups ◽  
Acidic Sites ◽  
Sulfurous Anhydride

The peculiarities of surface chemistry, functional groups and acid-basic properties of activated carbons obtained from vegetal raw materials by different methods of activation have been emphasized. Active carbons obtained from peach and plum stones by physical-chemical activation (with steam, aqueous solutions of sulfurous anhydride or ammonia) possess predominantly basic functional groups on the surface, although acidic sites in minor quantities are also accumulated. FTIR spectra suggest the presence on the surface of these carbons of alcoholic and phenolic groups, quinones and hydroxy-ketones. Active carbons obtained from plum stones, nut shells and grape seeds by chemical activation with phosphoric acid possess predominantly acidic functional groups on the surface, out of which carboxylic groups are prevailing by 2-3 times the content of phenolic structures. FTIR spectra suggest the presence on the surface of these carbons of a series of organic structures including carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes, quinones, lactones and esters, also alcohols and phenols. UV-VIS-NIR spectra also indicate the presence of alcohols and phenols on the surface of these carbons.

Development and Application of Bamboo Activated Carbons and their Potency as Adsorbent Material for Adsorbed Natural Gas (ANG); An Overview

2016 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewa Ngakan Ketut Putra Negara ◽  
Tjokorda Gde Tirta Nindhia ◽  
I Wayan Surata ◽  
Made Sucipta
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Adsorbed Natural Gas ◽  
High Production

Currently, the use of activated carbon (AC) increased significantly for the industrial sector, health, environment and agriculture. However, the commercial price of activated carbon is relatively expensive, especially for micro industries mainly due to high production costs. Additionally, it comes from non-renewable sources with limited availability. This prompted the researchers to study the production of AC from inexpensive precursors and renewable; one of which is made from bamboo. AC production can be done through a pyrolysis process followed by physical or chemical activation. Differences in raw materials and activation methods used can affect the characteristics and quality of activated carbon produced. This paper reviews the development and application of bamboo activated carbons in the life sectors and their potency for use as an adsorbent material for the absorbed natural gas (ANG).

Production of High Surface Area Activated Carbon from Coconut Husk

2014 ◽  
Vol 1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Armstrong ◽  
Zachary J. Morchesky ◽  
Dustin T. Hess ◽  
Kofi W. Adu ◽  
David. K. Essumang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
Porosity Analysis

ABSTRACTWe present preliminary results on a processing protocol by chemical activation that transforms organic waste product such as coconut husk into high surface area activated carbon. Dried raw materials of the coconut husk were carbonized anaerobically into char. The char was impregnated with KOH of different ratios and were activated at 800°C and 900°C. The transmission electron microscope was used to acquire structural and morphological information of the activated carbon, and the surface area and porosity analysis were performed using Micromeritics ASAP 2020 analyzer. The activated carbons show both micropores and mesopores with specific surface area as high as 2900m2/g.

scholarly journals Comparison of Blood Cholesterol Profiles Before and After The Measurements of Maximum Aerobic Capacity (VO2max)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
AR SHADIQIN
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Oxygen Capacity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Maximum Aerobic Capacity

This study is aimed to compare the blood cholesterol profile, before and after the measurement of maximum aerobic capacity (VO2max) in the students of Jurusan Pendidikan Olahraga dan Kesehatan (JPOK) pada Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (FKIP) Universitas Lambung Mangkurat Banjarmasin.Variables in this study consist of lipid profiles, including total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG) and Maximum Aerobic Capacity (VO2max). The concept of VO2max according to Kent(1994:268): “maximum oxygen volume consumed per minute to show total work capacity, or volume per minute relative to body weight (ml/kg.min)”. Operationally, VO2max referred in this study is the maximum volume of oxygen that can be consumed per minute, as measured at progressive run (Bleep Test).<br />The method used in this study is pre-experimental with one group pretest-posttest design. This design implies that a group of subjects are treated for a specific period and the measurements are taken both pre and post. The results: There are changes in blood cholesterol profile after the measurement of maximum oxygen capacity (VO2max), shown by significant decrease of total cholesterol variable, increased HDL, and decreased LDL. Changes in triglyceridevariable showed no significant decrease despite the statistic differences. Specific HDL sub-class increasing after exercise is a constructive lipoprotein sub-class whereas LDL is destructive lipoproteins sub-class that might damage the body. Therefore, an increase in HDL and decrease in LDL found in this study appears to be advantageous and consequently might alter the risk of coronary heart disease.

scholarly journals Cholesterol sorption on carbon sorption materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
N. V. Sych ◽  
◽  
L. I. Kotyns'ka ◽  
M. M. Tsyba ◽  
V. M. Vikarchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Carbon Adsorbents ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Pre Treatment

As an alternative to means for lowering total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, the paper considers the possibility of using carbon adsorbents. From a medical point of view, the removal of cholesterol with enterosorbents is extremely effective. By binding cholesterol, sorbents reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. The paper searches for new raw material sources and attempts to create enterosorbents with a high capability to adsorb cholesterol. The aim of the work was to develop adsorbents from spent coffee residue with a large proportion of mesopores, to determine the parameters of the porous structure and to study their adsorption capacity against cholesterol. Samples of activated carbon with a large proportion of mesopores (399 and 465 m2/g) were obtained by the traditional method of carbonization-activation of spent coffee grounds and pre-treated hexane to remove fatty acids. The sorption of cholesterol from alcohol solutions has been studied by spectrophotometric method and its effectiveness for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis was proved. It has been shown that a sample of activated carbon from spent coffee residue pre-treated with hexane (maximum value reaches 7.5 mg/g) has the best sorption capacity. The intermediate position is occupied by the sample obtained without pre-treatment with solvent (maximum value reaches 6.3 mg/g). Natural Brand carbon has the weakest sorption characteristics (maximum capacity reaches 5.3 mg/g). It can be stated that the adsorption of cholesterol increases with the growth of the specific surface area of mesopores. The parameters of adsorption processes were calculated using the obtained sorption isotherms. Adsorption isotherms were calculated using the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. It is shown that the values of the maximum adsorption calculated by the Langmuir equation have a good agreement with the experimental data.

scholarly journals Coming Back to Physiology: Extra Hepatic Functions of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus-Dieter Schlüter ◽  
Annemarie Wolf ◽  
Rolf Schreckenberg
Keyword(s):  
Contractile Activity ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Ldl Receptor ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Proprotein Convertase ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Hepatic Expression

Neuronal apoptosis regulated convertase-1 (NARC-1), now mostly known as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), has received a lot of attention due to the fact that it is a key regulator of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDL-R) and is therefore involved in hepatic LDL clearance. Within a few years, therapies targeting PCSK9 have reached clinical practice and they offer an additional tool to reduce blood cholesterol concentrations. However, PCSK9 is almost ubiquitously expressed in the body but has less well-understood functions and target proteins in extra hepatic tissues. As such, PCSK9 is involved in the regulation of neuronal survival and protein degradation, it affects the expression of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the kidney, it interacts with white blood cells and with cells of the vascular wall, and it modifies contractile activity of cardiomyocytes, and contributes to the regulation of cholesterol uptake in the intestine. Moreover, under stress conditions, signals from the kidney and heart can affect hepatic expression and thereby the plasma concentration of PCSK9 which then in turn can affect other target organs. Therefore, there is an intense relationship between the local (autocrine) and systemic (endocrine) effects of PCSK9. Although, PCSK9 has been recognized as a ubiquitously expressed modifier of cellular function and signaling molecules, its physiological role in different organs is not well-understood. The current review summarizes these findings.

scholarly journals Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Atorvastatin Mediated Effects on Blood Lipids

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friederike Zimmermann ◽  
Johann Roessler ◽  
David Schmidt ◽  
Andrzej Jasina ◽  
Paul Schumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Lipid Regulation

Background and Aims: The mechanisms of interindividual variation of lipid regulation by statins, such as the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) lowering effects, are not fully understood yet. Here, we used a gut microbiota depleted mouse model to investigate the relation between the gut microbiota and the regulatory property of atorvastatin on blood lipids. Methods: Mice (C57BL/6) with intact gut microbiota or antibiotic induced abiotic mice (ABS) were put on standard chow diet (SCD) or high fat diet (HFD) for six weeks. Atorvastatin (10 mg/kg body weight/day) or a control vehicle were applied per gavage for the last four weeks of dietary treatment. Blood lipids including total cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and sphingolipids were measured to probe microbiota-dependent effects of atorvastatin. The expression of genes involved in hepatic and intestinal cholesterol metabolism was analyzed with qRT-PCR. The alteration of the microbiota profile was examined using 16S rRNA qPCR in mice with intact gut microbiota. Results: HFD feeding significantly increased total blood cholesterol and LDL levels, as compared to SCD in both mice with intact and depleted gut microbiota. The cholesterol lowering effect of atorvastatin was significantly attenuated in mice with depleted gut microbiota. Moreover, we observed a global shift in the abundance of several sphingolipids upon atorvastatin treatment which was absent in gut microbiota depleted mice. The regulatory effect of atorvastatin on the expression of distinct hepatic and intestinal cholesterol-regulating genes, including Ldlr, Srebp2 and Npc1l1 was altered upon depletion of gut microbiota. In response to HFD feeding, the relative abundance of the bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes decreased, while the abundance of Firmicutes increased. The altered ratio between Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was partly reversed in HFD fed mice treated with atorvastatin. Conclusions: Our findings support a regulatory impact of atorvastatin on the gut microbial profile and, in turn, demonstrate a crucial role of the gut microbiome for atorvastatin-related effects on blood lipids. These results provide novel insights into potential microbiota-dependent mechanisms of lipid regulation by statins, which may account for variable response to statin treatment.

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