Vacuum wetting and contact interaction of some of the metallic melts with indium and tin oxides

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
M. Grigorenko ◽  
◽  
T. Sydorenko ◽  
E. Chernigovtsev ◽  
O. Durov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Interaction ◽  
Tin Dioxide ◽  
Sessile Drop ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pure Metal ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Metal Melts ◽  
Temperature Dependences ◽  
Indium Oxides

Due to the unique combination of electric and optical properties such semiconductor oxides as tin and indium oxides are very perspective multifunctional materials for variety of microelectronic devices production. Experimental studies of these materials allow to define, for example energetic characteristics of the devices created and also to improve existing technologies of films formation, joining of electrocontacts to tin and indium oxides based materials by way of brazing which require additional wetting studies. It should be noted that data on wetting of mentioned oxides by metals are practically absent in literature. Thus a detailed study of the interfacial interaction, adhesion and wetting of ceramic SnO2 and In2O3 materials with some pure metal melts in vacuum was performed by the sessile drop method using foto- and video- fixing including concentration, temporal and temperature dependences of contact angles. It was found that most of the pure metals studied don't wet SnO2 ceramics. However rather intense chemical interaction took place in vacuum at high temperatures in contact of some metals (Sn, Ge, In) with surface of SnO2. It was also shown the effect of the experiment temperature and hold-up time on the values of contact angles. Wetting angles for powdery pressed specimens of In2O3 in the temperature range studied don't change noticeably and vary in a narrow range. For example, for Ga wetting angles vary from about 138 to 128 deg and for Sn  125119 deg, Wetting of SnO2 surface with AgCu melt with different copper content was shown to be insufficient to use it as a brazing alloy, yet this system can be used as a basis for creating a brazing composition. Keywords: indium oxide, tin dioxide, semiconductor, wetting, contact interaction, metal melt.

Evaporative self-assembly of binary mixture of soft colloids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merin Jose ◽  
Muraleedharapai Mayarani ◽  
Madivala G Basavaraj ◽  
Dillip Kumar Satapathy
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixture ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Sessile Drop ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Self ◽  
Soft Colloids

We report experimental studies on the self-assembly and degree of ordering of binary mixture of soft colloids in the monolayer deposits obtained by controlled evaporation. A sessile drop containing soft...

scholarly journals Температурные зависимости электропроводности и магнитной восприимчивости кристаллов твердых растворов Sb-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Te-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=--Bi-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Te-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1162
Author(s):  
Н.П. Степанов ◽  
В.Ю. Наливкин ◽  
А.К. Гильфанов ◽  
А.А. Калашников ◽  
Е.Н. Трубицына
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Temperature Dependences ◽  
The Subject

Solid solutions Bi2Te3-Sb2Te3 continue to be the subject of numerous and versatile experimental studies due to their practical importance for thermoelectric materials science. In this regard, the problem of studying the regularities of changes in the state of the electronic system of these semiconductors from composition and temperature remains urgent. This paper presents the results of studying the temperature dependences of the magnetic susceptibility of Bi2Te3-Sb2Te3 crystals containing 10, 25, 40, 50, 60 mol. % Sb2Te3. The correlation of the behavior of the temperature dependences of the magnetic susceptibility and electrical conductivity is analyzed.

scholarly journals Wetting ofAl2O3by Molten Aluminum: The Influence ofBaSO4Additions

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquin Aguilar-Santillan
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Molten Aluminum ◽  
Sessile Drop ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Sessile Drop Technique ◽  
Pure Alumina ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Drop Technique

The effects ofBaSO4additions on the wetting of alumina by molten aluminum were studied by the sessile drop technique. To study the effect ofBaSO4decomposition(1100–1150∘C), the additions were treated at two temperatures700∘C(973 K) and1450∘C(1723 K), respectively.BaSO4additions at low and high temperatures did not improve the nonwetting character of these compositions. However, at higher firing temperature, the formation ofBA6 (BaO•6Al2O3)has a nonwetting trend with increasing its content. To address theBA6specifically a pureBaO•6Al2O3was produced and tested. It was more nonwetting than the pure alumina. After the analysis of the contact angles for theBaSO4and theBA6 (BaO•6Al2O3), it was concluded that these additions to alumina do not inhibit wetting by molten aluminum. In fact, at the addition levels common for refractories, the wetting tendency of molten aluminum is enhanced. Alternative explanations for the effectiveness ofBaSO4additions to alumina refractories are discussed.

Comparative Study of Surface Energies of Native Oxides of Si(100) and Si(111) via Three Liquid Contact Angle Analysis

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (57-58) ◽  
pp. 3379-3390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saaketh R. Narayan ◽  
Jack M. Day ◽  
Harshini L. Thinakaran ◽  
Nicole Herbots ◽  
Michelle E. Bertram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Sessile Drop ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Van Der Waals Interactions ◽  
Native Oxides ◽  
Relative Errors ◽  
Contact Angle Analysis

ABSTRACTThe effects of crystal orientation and doping on the surface energy, γT, of native oxides of Si(100) and Si(111) are measured via Three Liquid Contact Angle Analysis (3LCAA) to extract γT, while Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) is used to detect Oxygen. During 3LCAA, contact angles for three liquids are measured with photographs via the “Drop and Reflection Operative Program (DROP™). DROP™ removes subjectivity in image analysis, and yields reproducible contact angles within < ±1°. Unlike to the Sessile Drop Method, DROP can yield relative errors < 3% on sets of 20-30 drops. Native oxides on 5 x 1013 B/cm3 p- doped Si(100) wafers, as received in sealed, 25 wafer teflon boats continuously stored in Class 100/ISO 5 conditions at 24.5°C in 25% controlled humidity, are found to be hydrophilic. Their γT, 52.5 ± 1.5 mJ/m2, is reproducible between four boats from three sources, and 9% greater than γT of native oxides on n- doped Si(111), which averages 48.1 ± 1.6 mJ/m2 on four 4” Si(111) wafers. IBA combining 16O nuclear resonance with channeling detects 30% more oxygen on native oxides of Si(111) than Si(100). While γT should increase on thinner, more defective oxides, Lifshitz-Van der Waals interactions γLW on native oxides of Si(100) remain at 36 ± 0.4 mJ/m2, equal to γLW on Si(111), 36 ± 0.6 mJ/m2, since γLW arises from the same SiO2 molecules. Native oxides on 4.5 x 1018 B/cm3 p+ doped Si(100) yield a γT of 39 ± 1 mJ/m2, as they are thicker per IBA. In summary, 3LCAA and IBA can detect reproducibly and accurately, within a few %, changes in the surface energy of native oxides due to thickness and surface composition arising from doping or crystal structure, if conducted in well controlled clean room conditions for measurements and storage.

Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Bulk Metallic Glass

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 620-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Busch ◽  
J. Schroers ◽  
W. H. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Glasses ◽  
Pure Metal ◽  
Glass Forming Ability ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Size Mismatch ◽  
Atomic Size ◽  
Glass Forming ◽  
Thermodynamics And Kinetics ◽  
Metal Melts ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractBulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are multicomponent alloys with typically three to five components with large atomic size mismatch and a composition close to a deep eutectic. Packing in BMG liquids is very dense, with a low content of free volume resulting in viscosities that are several orders of magnitude higher than in pure metal melts. The dense packing accomplished by structural and chemical atomic ordering also brings the BMG-forming liquid energetically and entropically closer to its corresponding crystalline state. These factors lead to slow crystallization kinetics and consequentially to high glass-forming ability. This article highlights the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of BMGs and their contributions to extraordinarily high glass-forming ability. Some possible links with mechanical properties are also suggested.

Wettability and Interfacial Characteristic of Sn-Ag-Cu Solder on Ni Substrates at Elevated Temperatures

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 703-708
Author(s):  
Li Kun Zang ◽  
Zhang Fu Yuan Yuan ◽  
Hong Liang Yan ◽  
Xin Xue Li
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Sessile Drop ◽  
Triple Line ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Sessile Drop Method ◽  
Reactive Wetting ◽  
Ni Substrate ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Interfacial Characteristic

Wettability and interfacial characteristic of the Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu/Ni system are investigated by sessile drop method at the temperature range of 503~673K. The reactive wetting processes demonstrate that: contact angles between the solder and Ni substrate decrease as exponential decay and the equilibrium contact angles decrease monotonously with the temperature increasing. Triple-line mobility is enhanced as the temperature increases. Interface of the Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu /Ni interface are identified by EPMA and EDS analysis as (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 adjacent to the solder and Ni3Sn4 adjacent to the Ni substrate, respectively. Cu is condensed at the interface, the composition of (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 is (23.16~23.46)Ni- (36.56~37.52) Cu-(39.02~40.27)Sn (atom %). The formation of the (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 IMC was known to greatly improve the reliability of the solder joints in integrated circuits.

Experimental studies of the magnetic and phonon excitations in cobalt fluoride

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1355-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Martel ◽  
R. A. Cowley ◽  
R. W. H. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Excited States ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Slow Neutron ◽  
Magnetic Excitations ◽  
Phonon Spectra ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Weak Scattering ◽  
Temperature Dependences ◽  
Cobalt Fluoride

The excitations of cobalt fluoride have been studied with the technique of slow-neutron inelastic scattering. A triple-axis crystal spectrometer was used throughout in its constant Q mode of operation. Several of the branches of the phonon spectra were measured and are in reasonable agreement with calculations based on a very simple rigid ion model. The magnetic excitations are of interest because the Co2+ ion has unpaired orbital angular momentum which gives rise to several low-lying energy levels. Excitations have been observed from the ground state to the next three excited states in the antiferromagnetic phase and their dispersion and temperature dependence obtained below, near, and above the Néel temperature. The temperature dependences of the excitations to the different excited states are not the same. The measurements on the magnetic excitation branch of lowest frequency show that, contrary to current theories of magnetism, fairly well-defined magnetic excitations occur to at least 1.5TN Another excitation, which gave a weak scattering intensity, was also observed and it is suggested that this may be associated with a distortion of the crystal structure.

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