scholarly journals Religion and Modernization in Southeast Asia (Book Review)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Sudarnoto Abdul Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Social ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Rice University

the book which was written by Fred. R. Vonder Mehden, an Albert Thomas Professor of Political Science, at Rice University, Houston, is actually a result of efforts to understand the nature of th interrelationship of religion and modernization in Southeast Asia in the light of the theoritical assumptions presented by postwar social  scientists. It is no doubt that where as religions like Islam and Buddhism in countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand have acted both as inhibutors and agents of change, the social science literature spoke primarily to the negative role of rligion from the more possitive perspective. Mehden demonstrates the weakness of the theories developed by Social scientists in Western Europe and the U.S. without adequate field research and embodying major biases and misconceptionabout indigenous cultures and religions.

Threat, Politics, and Attitudes

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Lambert ◽  
J. P. Schott ◽  
Laura Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Powerful Effect ◽  
American President ◽  
The Social ◽  
Emotional Appraisal ◽  
Contrasting View

Social scientists have long known that threatening situations can have a powerful effect on sociopolitical attitudes. One of the more dramatic examples of this phenomenon is the “rally ’round the flag effect,” characterized by dramatic spikes in popularity of the American president. Previous models of rally effects have strongly emphasized the role of anxiety and the desire for security as explanations for these changes in support. In this article, we present a contrasting view, showing support for an anger-based conceptualization that builds upon earlier research on emotional appraisal. We discuss the relevance of our findings for theory and research across a variety of different paradigms in the social psychological and political science literature.

Value-driven issues throughout the development of sociological theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Gulbarshyn Chepurko ◽  
Valerii Pylypenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social System ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels

The paper examines and compares how the major sociological theories treat axiological issues. Value-driven topics are analysed in view of their relevance to society in times of crisis, when both societal life and the very structure of society undergo dramatic change. Nowadays, social scientists around the world are also witnessing such a change due to the emergence of alternative schools of sociological thought (non-classical, interpretive, postmodern, etc.) and, subsequently, the necessity to revise the paradigms that have been existed in sociology so far. Since the above-mentioned approaches are often used to address value-related issues, building a solid theoretical framework for these studies takes on considerable significance. Furthermore, the paradigm revision has been prompted by technological advances changing all areas of people’s lives, especially social interactions. The global human community, integral in nature, is being formed, and production of human values now matters more than production of things; hence the “expansion” of value-focused perspectives in contemporary sociology. The authors give special attention to collectivities which are higher-order units of the social system. These units are described as well-organised action systems where each individual performs his/her specific role. Just as the role of an individual is distinct from that of the collectivity (because the individual and the collectivity are different as units), so too a distinction is drawn between the value and the norm — because they represent different levels of social relationships. Values are the main connecting element between the society’s cultural system and the social sphere while norms, for the most part, belong to the social system. Values serve primarily to maintain the pattern according to which the society is functioning at a given time; norms are essential to social integration. Apart from being the means of regulating social processes and relationships, norms embody the “principles” that can be applied beyond a particular social system. The authors underline that it is important for Ukrainian sociology to keep abreast of the latest developments in the field of axiology and make good use of those ideas because this is a prerequisite for its successful integration into the global sociological community.

scholarly journals A Pattern-Oriented Approach to Fair Use

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Madison
Keyword(s):  
Social Practices ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Fair Use ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Social ◽  
Case Application ◽  
Use Factors ◽  
Oriented Approach

More than 150 years into development of the doctrine of "fair use" in American copyright law, there is no end to legislative, judicial, and academic efforts to rationalize the doctrine. Its codification in the 1976 Copyright Act appears to have contributed to its fragmentation, rather than to its coherence. This Article suggests that fair use is neither badly conceived nor badly applied, but that it is too often badly understood. As did much of copyright law, fair use originated as a judicially-unacknowledged effort via the law to validate certain favored social practices and patterns. In the main, it has continued to be applied as such, though too often courts mask their implicit validation of these patterns in the now-conventional "case-by-case" application of the statutory fair use "factors" to the defendant's use of the copyrighted work in question. A more explicit acknowledgement of the role of these patterns in fair use analysis is consistent with fair use and copyright policy and tradition. Importantly, it helps to bridge the often-difficult conceptual gap between fair use claims asserted by individual defendants and the social implications of accepting or rejecting those claims. Finally, a pattern-oriented approach is normatively appropriate, when viewed in light of recent research by cognitive psychologists and other social scientists on patterns and creativity. In immediate terms, the approach should lead to a more consistent and predictable fair use jurisprudence. In the longer term, it should enhance the ability of copyright law to promote creative expression.

scholarly journals The Role of Muhammadiyah Institution Towards Muslim Minority in West Papua

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Ismail Suardi Wekke ◽  
Beja Arif ◽  
Andi Zubair ◽  
Moh. Wardi
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Organizational Governance ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
The Social ◽  
Muslim Minority ◽  
Power Base ◽  
Regional Leaders ◽  
Education And Society

Muhammadiyah is known as Islamic organization pioneering modern educational and social movement. Recently, Muhammadiyah education has experienced rapid development, yet there are still many problems and challenges to overcome in order to continue competing and giving the best for the society. The aim of this research was to figure out the role of Muhammadiyah in conducting dakwah bil hal movement in education and social environment in Sorong City, Papua. By using qualitative method and in-depth interview and also field research, this study found out that bil hal Muhammadiyah Movement in Sorong City, Papua has given significant impact on the society, especially in education from Kindergarten to University level. Meanwhile, in the social field, Muhammadiyah in Sorong City had built orphanage for boys and girls. However, in terms of management of organizational governance, Muhammadiyah needs to strengthen the solidity between regional leaders, optimization of autonomous assemblies and organizations as a power base to support maximization of dakwah bil hal Muhammadiyah movement in the future, especially in education and society.

Imagination and Art

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Swedberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Scientist ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the role of imagination and the arts in helping social scientists to theorize well. However deep one's basic knowledge of social theory is, and however many concepts, mechanisms, and theories one knows, unless this knowledge is used in an imaginative way, the result will be dull and noncreative. A good research topic should among other things operate as an analogon—that is, it should be able to set off the theoretical imagination of the social scientist. Then, when a social scientist writes, he or she may want to write in such a way that the reader's theoretical imagination is stirred. Besides imagination, the chapter also discusses the relationship of social theory to art. There are a number of reason for this, including the fact that in modern society, art is perceived as the height of imagination and creativity.

Morality and the Social Sciences

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert O. Hirschman
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Social

This chapter attempts to identify the tension between morality and the social sciences and recognize its inescapable centrality—and in that way have social scientists think more openly about their commitments. It turns to questions on the role of moral considerations and concerns in economics, and, more generally, to what can be said about the “problem of morality in the social sciences.” This chapter suggests some ways of reconciling the traditional posture of the economist as a “detached scientist” with their role as a morally concerned person, and shows why there is a contemporary increase of concern with moral values, even within the field of economics.

The Conditions in Jewish Society in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Middle Decades of the Eighteenth Century

1996 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Gershon David Hundert
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social History ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Generational Conflict ◽  
East European ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Jewish Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

This chapter investigates the conditions in Jewish society in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the middle decades of the eighteenth century. The place of hasidism in the religious history of the eighteenth century ought to be reconsidered not only in light of the questions about the schismatic groups in the Orthodox Church raised by Ysander, but also in light of the general revivalist currents in western Europe. The social historian cannot explain hasidism, which belongs to the context of the development of the east European religious mentality in the eighteenth century. Social history does, however, point to some significant questions that ought to be explored further. One of these is the role of youth and generational conflict in the beginnings of the movement, and not only in its beginnings. A realistic recovery of the situation of the Polish-Lithuanian Jewry in the eighteenth century shows that neither the economic nor the security conditions were such as to warrant their use as causal or explanatory factors in the rise and reception of hasidism.

scholarly journals Socialities of Nature Beyond Utopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constanza Parra ◽  
Casey Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Cultural Ideals ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Dimensions ◽  
Special Symposium

The articles in this section were written by social scientists from different parts of the world doing research on the complex relationship between human beings and the natural environment, and on the role of cultural ideals in shaping environmental history. The interdisciplinary character of the papers generates original insights about the socio-cultural dimensions of the environmental problematic, which have been neglected when compared with economic and political dimensions. This introduction reviews the contents of the proposed special symposium and situates the articles in relation to discussions about the social role of utopias, imagined and real.

The Social Role Of Popular Theater Of Southeast Asia

Modern Drama ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Brandon
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Popular Theater ◽  
The Social
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