scholarly journals KEDUDUKAN AKAL DALAM ISLAM: PERDEBATAN ANTARA MAZHAB RASIONAL DAN TRADISIONAL ISLAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Reynaldi Adi Surya
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Intellectual Tradition ◽  
The One

Reason has an important and vital meaning in human life. It's not wrong if it says about what makes human survive and expand their culture along with their amazing civilization. in moslem, reason also recognized as one of god's greatest creation, but in moslem's intellectual tradition, scholars and highbrows argue about what mind actually means and the extent role of reason spiritually. Moslem philosophers and fuqaha ahl ra'y stick up with reason as the source of knowledge and references within life and religions problem, however hadith expert and the one who stick to literal tradition assume that mind's role is very limited in religions problem, some even think that reason is not permitted to play in religion realm. Up until this moment, classic debate about reason and human rational capability are still being debated, especially in religion realm. writer tried as much as possible to redescribe those controversy shortly in this article.

Von den Lesewelten zur Lebenswelt. Überlegungen zu der Frage, warum uns fiktionale Literatur berührt

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-278
Author(s):  
Christoph Demmerling
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Life World ◽  
Anna Karenina ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The One

Abstract The following article argues that fictional texts can be distinguished from non-fictional texts in a prototypical way, even if the concept of the fictional cannot be defined in classical terms. In order to be able to characterize fictional texts, semantic, pragmatic, and reader-conditioned factors have to be taken into account. With reference to Frege, Searle, and Gabriel, the article recalls some proposals for how we might define fictional speech. Underscored in particular is the role of reception for the classification of a text as fictional. I make the case, from a philosophical perspective, for the view that fictional texts represent worlds that do not exist even though these worlds obviously can, and de facto do, contain many elements that are familiar to us from our world. I call these worlds reading worlds and explain the relationship between reading worlds and the life world of readers. This will help support the argument that the encounter with fictional literature can invoke real feelings and that such feelings are by no means irrational, as some defenders of the paradox of fiction would like us to believe. It is the exemplary character of fictional texts that enables us to make connections between the reading worlds and the life world. First and foremost, the article discusses the question of what it is that readers’ feelings are in fact related to. The widespread view that these feelings are primarily related to the characters or events represented in a text proves too simple and needs to be amended. Whoever is sad because of the fate of a fictive character imagines how he or she would fare if in a similar situation. He or she would feel sad as it relates to his or her own situation. And it is this feeling on behalf of one’s self that is the presupposition of sympathy for a fictive character. While reading, the feelings related to fictive characters and content are intertwined with the feelings related to one’s own personal concerns. The feelings one has on his or her own behalf belong to the feelings related to fictive characters; the former are the presupposition of the latter. If we look at the matter in this way, a new perspective opens up on the paradox of fiction. Generally speaking, the discussion surrounding the paradox of fiction is really about readers’ feelings as they relate to fictive persons or content. The question is then how it is possible to have them, since fictive persons and situations do not exist. If, however, the emotional relation to fictive characters and situations is conceived of as mediated by the feelings one has on one’s own behalf, the paradox loses its confusing effect since the imputation of existence no longer plays a central role. Instead, the conjecture that the events in a fictional story could have happened in one’s own life is important. The reader imagines that a story had or could have happened to him or herself. Readers are therefore often moved by a fictive event because they relate what happened in a story to themselves. They have understood the literary event as something that is humanly relevant in a general sense, and they see it as exemplary for human life as such. This is the decisive factor which gives rise to a connection between fiction and reality. The emotional relation to fictive characters happens on the basis of emotions that we would have for our own sake were we confronted with an occurrence like the one being narrated. What happens to the characters in a fictional text could also happen to readers. This is enough to stimulate corresponding feelings. We neither have to assume the existence of fictive characters nor do we have to suspend our knowledge about the fictive character of events or take part in a game of make-believe. But we do have to be able to regard the events in a fictional text as exemplary for human life. The representation of an occurrence in a novel exhibits a number of commonalities with the representation of something that could happen in the future. Consciousness of the future would seem to be a presupposition for developing feelings for something that is only represented. This requires the power of imagination. One has to be able to imagine what is happening to the characters involved in the occurrence being narrated in a fictional text, ›empathize‹ with them, and ultimately one has to be able to imagine that he or she could also be entangled in the same event and what it would be like. Without the use of these skills, it would remain a mystery how reading a fictional text can lead to feelings and how fictive occurrences can be related to reality. The fate of Anna Karenina can move us, we can sympathize with her, because reading the novel confronts us with possibilities that could affect our own lives. The imagination of such possibilities stimulates feelings that are related to us and to our lives. On that basis, we can participate in the fate of fictive characters without having to imagine that they really exist.

دور المناهج الدراسية الفلسطينية في تعزيز الأمن الأسري من وجهة نظر معلمي المراحل الثانوية محافظة طولكرم نموذجا

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-73
Author(s):  
Hiba Abas Salem ◽  
Moath Ishtaia
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Secondary Stage ◽  
The Family ◽  
Teaching Curriculum ◽  
Stable Family ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of

The family is considered as the nucleus of human societies. Interest in them and preserving its adherence together is preserving the adherence to together of the  society. It is true that the adherence together of the family starts from its inside, but  it is connected with many systems that support it and  make it able  to face the change which occur in  human life. From here the teaching and educational system forms the most important   of these systems in reinforcing security in general and family security in particular. Teaching  is based in its formation on three basic axes: the teacher, the teaching curricula and the student. From here this research comes to uncover the role of the Palestinian  teaching  curricula in reinforcing family security, and this is through  clarifying the relationship of the direct and indirect school curricula in raising the awareness which is connected with preserving an integrated and stable family, which is able to face the requirements of life under globalization and openness on the world on the one hand, and facing the attempts of Occupation which   aim to control the Palestinian society through controlling the family. The interest by the teaching curriculum means providing teaching materials which preserve the family on the levels  of security, the creed, thought and ethics. All of this prevents all that which penetrates into the family and contributes in its disassembling and its collapse. It is no doubt that the teaching curricula  remain the hostage  of the books without the availability of teaching  staffs who have the ability to transform the theoretical subjects  into a life behavior through evaluating the reality , and helping in spreading the culture can contributes in holding  the family together, and that the position of the teacher is not restricted  to delivering the teaching subject, but rather it goes beyond it to evaluating  and evaluating its role in influencing  the social life which is connected with the students. This study comes to know the role of the Palestinian curricula in reinforcing  the family security from the  point of view of teachers of the secondary stage of education

scholarly journals FILOSOFI PENDIDIKAN KATOLIK DALAM PERSPEKTIF FILSAFAT ARISTOTELIAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Agustinus Wisnu Dewantara
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Education ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Communication Education ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All

The progress of human civilization today is inseparable from the role of science. The dynamics of the pattern of our daily lives from time to time it runs in line with the dynamics of the development of science. The development of science and human civilization running together since from classical times, the middle ages, modern times, and so on. Novelty found in a period becomes an essential ingredient for other discoveries in the next period. One thing that is difficult to argue is that almost all sides of human life today has been entered by the various effects of the development of science and technology, ranging from economic, political, social and cultural, communication, education, health, and so on. All this progress is the fruit of the development of science that never recede from human studies. This paper on the one hand want to observe the philosophical basis for the world of Catholic education, and on the other hand, this article seeks to contribute a little reflection, especially for teachers of religious education in STKIP Widya Yuwana and Catholic families today. There wilderness philosophy that is so tempting to dive, but the limitations of time and space makes this paper should choose to focus. Perspective selected is Aristotelian philosophy.

scholarly journals Cybersecurity Politics – Conceptualization of the Idea

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Marek Górka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The State ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The One ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Political Economic

The cybersecurity issue discussed in the paper is seen from the perspective of political science with the indication that the subject under discussion concerns the multifaceted nature of the state’s actions, which consists of political, economic, social, and cultural factors. At the same time, the work also intends to prove that cybersecurity is not only a domain of technology because it is the mentioned aspects that shape the conditions of stable development of the state and its citizens in a space dominated by cyber technology in a much more decisive way. Given the growing role of cybertechnology in almost all areas of human life, its importance also forces and inspires political science to question the shape and model of modern policy, which is significantly evolving under the influence of new technologies. On the one hand, emerging cyber threats reveal the weakness of the state and the dependence of state institutions on cybertechnologies, but on the other hand, existing cyber incidents may also motivate many governments to take action to increase the level of cybersecurity.

scholarly journals The Role of the Teacher's Vocation in the Efficiency Building of an Education System

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 145-159
Author(s):  
Giedrė Paurienė ◽  
Irena Žemaitaitytė
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
Education System ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Meaningful Context ◽  
The One ◽  
Further Development

The article analyzes the experiences determined by biographical circumstances that encourage individuals to choose the profession of a teacher in the pursuit of their vocation. Based on people’s biographies, it can be argued that many separate stages of human life, viewed as a whole, provide a meaningful context that can help understand the phenomenon of vocation and reveal its links to the development of professional competencies and to the efficiency of the educational system. The research usually explains the efficiency of an educational organization through pedagogical, managerial, economic and institutional aspects and defines it by qualitative characteristics that are related to the acquisition of knowledge, skills, results achieved by children, efficient use of resources, and the improvement of the teaching process. The aim of the article is to reveal a person’s vocation to become a teacher as a condition, on the one hand, leading to the pedagogical educational process through informal learning, and, on the other hand, making the educational system more efficient. The analysis and results of the qualitative research data are based on the abductive theory construction according to Peirce and the methodology of the Grounding Theory according to Strauss / Corbin. The research revealed that the choice of pedagogical profession and the perception of vocation are evoked by biographical circumstances. The pedagogical potential noticed and mentioned by the close people as well as the preferences for certain activities from childhood and the perception of one’s needs become a basis for the further development of existing competences. Thus, when a competent educator who experiences strong dedication to an educator’s profession gives lessons in an educational institution, the effective and purposeful activity of the educator interacts with the efficiency building of the education system.

دور المناهج الدراسية الفلسطينية في تعزيز الأمن الأسري من وجهة نظر معلمي المراحل الثانوية محافظة طولكرم نموذجا

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-73
Author(s):  
Hiba Abas Salem ◽  
Moath Ishtaia
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Secondary Stage ◽  
The Family ◽  
Teaching Curriculum ◽  
Stable Family ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of

The family is considered as the nucleus of human societies. Interest in them and preserving its adherence together is preserving the adherence to together of the  society. It is true that the adherence together of the family starts from its inside, but  it is connected with many systems that support it and  make it able  to face the change which occur in  human life. From here the teaching and educational system forms the most important   of these systems in reinforcing security in general and family security in particular. Teaching  is based in its formation on three basic axes: the teacher, the teaching curricula and the student. From here this research comes to uncover the role of the Palestinian  teaching  curricula in reinforcing family security, and this is through  clarifying the relationship of the direct and indirect school curricula in raising the awareness which is connected with preserving an integrated and stable family, which is able to face the requirements of life under globalization and openness on the world on the one hand, and facing the attempts of Occupation which   aim to control the Palestinian society through controlling the family. The interest by the teaching curriculum means providing teaching materials which preserve the family on the levels  of security, the creed, thought and ethics. All of this prevents all that which penetrates into the family and contributes in its disassembling and its collapse. It is no doubt that the teaching curricula  remain the hostage  of the books without the availability of teaching  staffs who have the ability to transform the theoretical subjects  into a life behavior through evaluating the reality , and helping in spreading the culture can contributes in holding  the family together, and that the position of the teacher is not restricted  to delivering the teaching subject, but rather it goes beyond it to evaluating  and evaluating its role in influencing  the social life which is connected with the students. This study comes to know the role of the Palestinian curricula in reinforcing  the family security from the  point of view of teachers of the secondary stage of education

scholarly journals Thymus-Pineal Gland Axis: Revisiting Its Role in Human Life and Ageing

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8806
Author(s):  
Rita Rezzani ◽  
Caterina Franco ◽  
Rüdiger Hardeland ◽  
Luigi Fabrizio Rodella
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Dynamical Interaction ◽  
Circadian Oscillators ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

For years the thymus gland (TG) and the pineal gland (PG) have been subject of increasingly in-depth studies, but only recently a link that can associate the activities of the two organs has been identified. Considering, on the one hand, the well-known immune activity of thymus and, on the other, the increasingly emerging immunological roles of circadian oscillators and the rhythmically secreted main pineal product, melatonin, many studies aimed to analyse the possible existence of an interaction between these two systems. Moreover, data confirmed that the immune system is functionally associated with the nervous and endocrine systems determining an integrated dynamic network. In addition, recent researches showed a similar, characteristic involution process both in TG and PG. Since the second half of the 20th century, evidence led to the definition of an effectively interacting thymus-pineal axis (TG-PG axis), but much has to be done. In this sense, the aim of this review is to summarize what is actually known about this topic, focusing on the impact of the TG-PG axis on human life and ageing. We would like to give more emphasis to the implications of this dynamical interaction in a possible therapeutic strategy for human health. Moreover, we focused on all the products of TG and PG in order to collect what is known about the role of peptides other than melatonin. The results available today are often unclear and not linear. These peptides have not been well studied and defined over the years. In this review we hope to awake the interest of the scientific community in them and in their future pharmacological applications.

scholarly journals Corporate social responsibility in times of crisis: business actions during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 909-927
Author(s):  
Luiz Henrique Vieira da Silva ◽  
Cibele Roberta Sugahara ◽  
Denise Helena Lombardo Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
The One ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Between the years 2019 and 2020, humanity was affected by one of the most serious pandemics in recent history, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The socioeconomic tragedy required the complete mobilization of governments, companies, and other organizations to contain and combat the disease. Shedding light on the role of companies, this article set out to analyze, through descriptive, qualitative and documentary research, the various manifestations of Corporate Social Responsibility in Brazilian companies during the pandemic, with the Agenda 2030 as a backdrop for Sustainable Development and related initiatives. It became evident that, while on the one hand, organizations are strongly invited to act in the containment of world events harmful to human life, by extension, socially responsible companies must bear the commitment to work together to mitigate the impacts of climate change and to eradicating hunger and poverty, equally urgent and necessary demands.

scholarly journals Filosofi Pendidikan Katolik dalam Perspektif Filsafat Aristotelian

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustinus Dewantara
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Education ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Communication Education ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All

The progress of human civilization today is inseparable from the role of science. The dynamics of the pattern of our daily lives from time to time it runs in line with the dynamics of the development of science. The development of science and human civilization running together since from classical times, the middle ages, modern times, and so on. Novelty found in a period becomes an essential ingredient for other discoveries in the next period. One thing that is difficult to argue is that almost all sides of human life today has been entered by the various effects of the development of science and technology, ranging from economic, political, social and cultural, communication, education, health, and so on. All this progress is the fruit of the development of science that never recede from human studies.This paper on the one hand want to observe the philosophical basis for the world of Catholic education, and on the other hand, this article seeks to contribute a little reflection, especially for teachers of religious education in STKIP Widya Yuwana and Catholic families today. There wilderness philosophy that is so tempting to dive, but the limitations of time and space makes this paper should choose to focus. Perspective selected is Aristotelian philosophy.

КРЕСТНЫЕ ХОДЫ ВО ВРЕМЯ ЭПИДЕМИЙ КАК ФОРМА СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ И ДУХОВНОЙ МОБИЛИЗАЦИИ: ОТ ПРОШЛОГО К НАСТОЯЩЕМУ

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Тамара Вадимовна Царёва
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
Traditional Form ◽  
Religious System ◽  
The One ◽  
The Church

Проведение крестных ходов (как традиционной формы духовного наследия) от «губительного поветрия» актуализировалось в связи с распространением вируса COVID-19. Крестные ходы во время различных «моровых поветрий» являются древней практикой и неотъемлемой частью жизни Церкви: к крестным ходам обращались подчас, как к единственному способу защиты от эпидемий. Пандемия, вызванная вирусом SARS-CoV-2, внесла коррективы во все сферы жизнедеятельности человека, в том числе и в религиозно-обрядовую ее составляющую. Одни, ставшие уже традиционными, крестные ходы отменялись, другие – проводились вопреки запретам санитарных властей, собирая большое количество паломников (как, например, Тутаевский, Коробейниковский или Николо-Великорецкий крестные ходы). С одной стороны, такой вид исповедования веры в общественном пространстве мобилизует и консолидирует верующих, тем самым являя социокультурную роль крестного хода, с другой – вопрос правомерности проведения крестных ходов во время пандемии в 2019–2020 гг. обнажил глубокие противоречия как в среде православного населения, так и стал источником разногласий в обществе вне зависимости от религиозной системы мировосприятия. Пандемия 2019–2020 гг. дала импульс к распространению необычных форм крестных ходов: воздушных и в форме автопробега (с целью минимизации распространения вируса). В данной статье предпринята попытка обобщить имеющиеся данные по крестным ходам во время пандемии, а также, опираясь на архивные источники, рассмотреть в историческом срезе проведение крестных ходов во время различных эпидемий. Carrying out religious processions (as a traditional form of spiritual heritage) to stop the «disastrous epidemic» has become important in connection with the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Processions during various «pestilences» are an ancient practice and an integral part of the life of the Church: processions were sometimes referred to as the only way to get rid of epidemics. The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has made adjustments to all spheres of human life, including its religious and ritual component. Some processions, which had already become were canceled, others were carried out despite the prohibitions of the sanitary authorities, gathering a large number of pilgrims (such as the Tutaevsky, Korobeinikovsky or Velikoretsky religious processions). On the one hand, this type of confession of faith in the public space mobilizes and consolidates believers, thereby demonstrating the sociocultural role of the procession, on the other hand, violations or ignoring by the participants of the march of sanitary and epidemiological recommendations aimed at preventing the spread of the virus have become a source of disagreement among society (regardless of the religious system of perception). Pandemic 2019– 2020 gave impetus to the spread of unusual forms of religious processions: air and in the form of a car rally (in order to minimize the spread of the virus). In this article, an attempt is made to summarize the available data on religious processions during a pandemic, and also, relying on archival sources, to consider in a historical context the holding of religious processions during various epidemics.

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