scholarly journals Oxidative stress in osteomyelitis and burns: Specific features of its role in development of pathology

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 4286-4293
Author(s):  
Andrew K. Martusevich ◽  
Valery I. Zagrekov ◽  
Ksenia L. Belyaeva ◽  
Alexander S. Pushkin ◽  
Anna G. Soloveva
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Chronic Osteomyelitis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Blood Plasma

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the features of the initiation and development of oxidative stress in patients with osteomyelitis and burns. Methods: We studied the oxidative metabolism of blood of 20 healthy subjects (controls), 15 patients with burns, and 18 patients with chronic osteomyelitis. All patients included in the second group had thermal burns of the I-II-III degree in trunk and limbs on an area of 31-80% of the body surface without thermal inhalation trauma. After standard sample preparation, a wide range of parameters of oxidative metabolism was determined in the blood. The intensity of free radical processes in blood plasma and red blood cells, and the total antioxidant activity was evaluated by Fe-induced biochemiluminescence. The concentration of malonic dialdehyde in blood plasma and red blood cells was determined. The level of diene and triene conjugates and Schiff bases was determined spectrophotometrically using reagent kits. The catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in the red blood cells of patients from each of the groups was also determined. Results: We showed that in osteomyelitis, which is a long-lasting process, changes in the balance of free radical generation and activity of the antioxidant system were compensatory and mostly related to changes in blood plasma. On the contrary, in burn victims, oxidative stress signs had a maladaptive character. They were seen in blood plasma and red blood cells, and accompanied by a pronounced depletion of enzyme antioxidant system reserves. Conclusion: Our study demonstrate the role of oxidative stress in patients with burns and chronic osteomyelitis, and demonstrate some specific features leading to formation of disease pathology. Such features of oxidative stress may be useful in future design of new approaches to correct the pathology of diseases.

scholarly journals Free radical damage: role in varicella zoster virus infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Olga Volobuieva ◽  
Tetiana Liadova ◽  
Mykola Popov ◽  
Olga Sorokina ◽  
Olena Ognivenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
The State ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Acute Period

Study of the role of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in patients with infectious diseases is of great interest to researchers. Numerous studies have led to a common understanding of their contribution to the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, as well as to the complications development. However, the state of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in patients with chickenpox (varicella) has not been sufficiently studied which is important for the development of new targeted treatments. The aim of the research - to assess the state of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the antioxidant system (AOS) in the dynamics in patients with chickenpox, depending on the severity of the disease. Materials and methods. We selected for participating in the study 240 chickenpox patients (142 women and 98 men) aged 18-40 years. Chickenpox was diagnosed using clinical, serological, and molecular genetic methods. The state assessment of LPO in chickenpox patients was based on the determination of serum diene conjugates (DC), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the total oxidative activity (TOA) of blood plasma. Results. Study showed that the process of lipid peroxidation increases and the activity of the antioxidant system decreases in patients with chickenpox during the acute period of the disease. The extent of these processes becomes greater as the severity of chickenpox increases. A decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and a disruption in the functioning of the glutathione system in patients with moderate to severe hypertension leads to disruption of protective mechanisms and, as a result, to an increase in the free radical chain reactions, the uncontrolled growth of which causes irreversible damage to the membranes of various cells, which underlies visceropathy in chickenpox patients. Conclusions. Antioxidant system is activated in the acute period in patients with mild chickenpox. It is evidenced by an increase in the overall antioxidant activity of blood plasma (p=0.045) and red blood cells (p=0.00087), in the activity of catalase (p=0.001), superoxide dismutase (p=0.0093), glutathione peroxidase (p=0.036), glutathione reductase of plasma and red blood cells, and an increase in the concentration of oxidized and reduced glutathione in blood. Lipid peroxidation is hyperactivated in the acute period in patients with a moderate and severe course of the disease and an excess amount of primary and secondary hydroperoxides of fatty acids accumulates in the blood. This is accompanied by indicates a developing imbalance between the oxidative and antioxidant systems in group of patients with moderate and severe chickenpox. Our findings confirm the usefulness of antioxidants in the treatment of chickenpox.

scholarly journals The Influence of Oxidative Stress and Natural Antioxidants on Morphometric Parameters of Red Blood Cells, the Hemoglobin Oxygen Binding Capacity, and the Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor V. Revin ◽  
Natalia V. Gromova ◽  
Elvira S. Revina ◽  
Anastasia Yu. Samonova ◽  
Alexander Yu. Tychkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Oxygen Binding ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oxidative Processes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Using a wide range of different physical and chemical methods, it was found that the oxidative stress caused by addition of hydrogen peroxide to the incubation medium has a significant effect on the conformation of haematoporphyrin, influencing the oxygen-binding properties of haemoglobin in red blood cells. Morphofunctional characteristics of red blood cells change; in particular, we have observed the transformation of erythrocytes, their transition into echinocytes. In erythrocytes, in response to increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) antioxidant enzymes become active. The use of natural antioxidants (β-carotene and resveratrol) works towards reducting the level of oxidative processes. Resveratrol has the greatest antioxidant effect.

Activity of the glutathione system and NADPH-generating enzymes under the action of melatonin during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Т.Н. Попова ◽  
О.А. Сафонова ◽  
А.О. Столярова ◽  
Т.И. Рахманова ◽  
Л.Ф. Панченко
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Free Radical Processes ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Radical Processes

Цель: В связи с ролью оксидативного стресса в патогенезе ишемических повреждений головного мозга изучить влияние препарата мелаксена (химический аналог гормона мелатонина) на активность антиоксидантных ферментов и некоторых ферментов окислительного метаболизма, способных лимитировать свободнорадикальные процессы при ишемии. Методика. В качестве объекта исследования использовали самцов белых лабораторных крыс. Индуцирование ишемии головного мозга у животных опытных групп осуществляли путем 30-минутной окклюзии общих сонных артерий, реперфузии достигали снятием окклюзоров. в головном мозге и сыворотке крови крыс изучали активность глутатионпероксидазы, глутатионредуктазы и глутатионтрансферазы, содержание восстановленного глутатиона, активность глюкозо-6-фосфатдегидрогеназы и НАДФ-изоцитратдегидрогеназы, способных выступать в роли поставщиков НАДФН для работы глутатионовой антиоксидантной системы. Активность ферментов и концентрацию восстановленного глутатиона определяли спектрофотометрически. Результаты. При действии мелаксена выявлено восстановление активности ферментов и уровня восстановленного глутатиона до значений близких к таковым у ложнооперированных животных. Полученные результаты могут быть объяснены с точки зрения торможения свободнорадикальных процессов за счет реализации антиоксидантных и нейропротекторных свойств мелатонина на фоне развития оксидативного стресса в условиях нарушения мозгового кровообращения, что приводит к снижению степени мобилизации антиоксидантной системы и некоторых ферментов окислительного метаболизма, которые, по-видимому, при реализации адаптивного ответа действуют как единая система. Заключение. Полученные результаты могут служить обоснованием дальнейшего исследования возможности применения мелатонин-корригирующих средств для фармакологической коррекции изменений метаболизма при развитии патологий подобного рода. Due to the involvement of oxidative stress in brain ischemic damage and to antioxidant properties of the hormone melatonin, it was relevant to study the effect of melatonin on antioxidant enzymes and some enzymes of oxidative metabolism that limit free radical processes in pathology. The aim was to study the effect of melaxen, a melatonin analogue, on activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione transferase, content of reduced glutathione, and activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase, which can supply NADPH to the glutathione antioxidant system, in the brain and blood serum of rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Methods. White male rats were used in the study. Cerebral ischemia was induced by 30-min occlusion of common carotid arteries; reperfusion was induced by removing the occlusion. Activities of enzymes and concentration of reduced glutathione were measured spectrophotometrically. Results. Melaxen reversed the increased enzyme activities and the reduced glutathione level induced by the pathological conditions returning them to the control values. This can be explained by inhibition of free radical processes under the action of the antioxidant melatonin and its neuroprotective effect in oxidative stress associated with disorders of cerebral circulation. The result is decreased mobilization of the antioxidant system and some enzymes of oxidative metabolism, which act as a single system in the adaptive response. Conclusion. The study justified further investigation of the possibility for using melatonin-correcting agents for pharmacological correction of metabolic changes in such pathologies.

Optical tweezers combined with micro‐Raman investigation of alcohol‐induced changes on single, live red blood cells in blood plasma

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1367-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jijo Lukose ◽  
Mithun N ◽  
Ganesh Mohan ◽  
Shamee Shastry ◽  
Santhosh Chidangil
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Optical Tweezers ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
In Blood Plasma

scholarly journals Forms of pseudotuberculosis progression in children and the impact of lipid peroxidation activation and antioxidant system imbalance on their development

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 130-137
Author(s):  
A. P. Pomogaeva ◽  
O. L. Nosareva ◽  
E. A. Stepovaya ◽  
T. V. Zhavoronok ◽  
E. V. Shakhristova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Products ◽  
The Impact

The objective is to compare clinical symptoms, lipid peroxidation indicators, the state of the antioxidant system and assess their impact on the severity and progression of pseudotuberculosis in children.Materials and methods. We examined 125 children with pseudotuberculosis divided into 4 groups according to the severity and nature of the disease progression and 45 healthy children. The material for the study was red blood cells and blood plasma of patients received in the dynamics – the acute period (during hospitalization); 3-4 weeks later – the phase of early convalescence with a non-smooth progression and moderate and heavy severity; the recovery period with a smooth progression and mild and moderate severity; 5-6 weeks later – the recovery period with a non-smooth progression and moderate and heavy severity. The spectrophotometric method was used to study lipid peroxidation (the concentration of diene conjugates, TBA-reactive substances) in the blood plasma and components of the antioxidant support system (the content of reduced glutathione; the activity of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) in red blood cells.Results. It was determined that moderate and heavy pseudotuberculosis forms prevail in hospitalized children, the disease progression in 35.2% of them was non-smooth; lipid peroxidation products accumulate in the blood plasma and the concentration of reduced glutathione decreases in red blood cells during the acute period of pseudotuberculosis in all children relative to the parameters in the control group. In the period of early convalescence an imbalance in the functioning of antioxidant enzymes of red blood cells, as well as the accumulation of TBA-reactive substances and a decrease in the content of reduced glutathione were observed in patients with moderate and heavy pseudotuberculosis.Conclusion. The impact of the imbalance of pro-/antioxidants on the formation of predominantly moderate and heavy pseudotuberculosis in children is shown. Prognostic criteria for the development of a non-smooth progression of pseudotuberculosis are a high level of lipid peroxidation products in the blood plasma, no normalization in values of glutathione system components and the activity of erythrocyte catalase during early convalescence. 

scholarly journals Regulation of free radical processes in healthy volunteers during experimental hyperthermia and in patients with coronary artery disease during summer heat waves

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
A. K. Tikhaze ◽  
G. G. Konovalova ◽  
M. K. Osyaeva ◽  
M. D. Smirnova ◽  
T. V. Martynyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Free Radical Processes ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
Summer Heat ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Radical Processes ◽  
In Blood Plasma

Background. In view of the worsening forecast for global temperature rise worldwide, it seems relevant to study the effects of abnormal heat waves on systemic regulatory processes in people with chronic diseases, in particular coronary artery disease (CAD).Aims. This study aimed to investigate the effect of hyperthermia on oxidative stress parameters in patients with various severity of CAD and in healthy subjects.Materials and methods. We studied the level of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of Cu,Zn-containing superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) in healthy subjects under conditions of 30-day long simulated hyperthermia and in patients with different severity of CAD after the summer heat wavesResults. We revealed signs of oxidative stress in healthy volunteers during model hyperthermia that manifested as an increase in content of MDA in blood plasma. At the  same time we observed increasing activity of Cu,Zn-SOD in erythrocytes that  utilizes reactive oxygen species. The increase of Cu,Zn-SOD activity started with a certain latency what also can be explained by de novo enzyme biosynthesis induction. We also studied oxidative stress parameters in patients at high and moderate cardiovascular risk according to the SCORE risk chart with uncomplicated CAD course and in patients with complicated CAD with severe coronary damage according to angiography during the summer heat waves. We observed accumulation of MDA in blood plasma and increasing activity of erythrocyte Cu,Zn-SOD in patients with uncomplicated CAD. At the same time we noted that accumulation of MDA in blood plasma was not followed by any increase in activity of red blood cell Cu,Zn-SOD in patients with severe complicated CAD. This fact indicates dysregulation of free radical processes in patients with severe course of CAD during the heat waves.Conclusions. The dysregulation of free-radical processes in patients with a severe clinical course of CAD has been revealed. 

scholarly journals Effect of Primary and Secondary Beads of Carbon Enterosorbent on Haematological Parameters and Oxidative Stress Development Caused by Melphalan in Rats

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 557
Author(s):  
Oksana Shevchuk ◽  
Elisaveta Snezhkova ◽  
Veronika Sarnatskaya ◽  
Victor Mikhailenko ◽  
Alexei Glavin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Carbon Adsorbents ◽  
In Blood Plasma

Background and Objectives: Side effects of anti-cancer drugs are usually accompanied by oxidative stress, including myelotoxicity. We evaluated the potential of oral highly activated micro-/macroporous carbon adsorbents (bulk density of 0.16 g/cm3, surface area calculation by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller model (SBET) > 2200 m2/g, derived from proprietary phenolic resin beads) to alleviate oxidative stress and myelotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: A single injection of cytostatic melphalan (L-PAM) at a dose of 4 mg/kg was used for modelling. Two forms of activated carbon were used: AC1—primary beads with the particle size range of 125–250 µm, and AC2—micronized AC1 with a mean particle size of ~1 µm. We measured haematological parameters white blood cells, red blood cells, platelet count, and haemoglobin level. Oxidative stress intensity was evaluated using the following markers: total levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in blood plasma; catalase activity (CAT) and pro-oxidant/antioxidant ratio in blood haemolysate samples; level of reduced glutathione (GSH) in liver tissues; oxidative modification of proteins, OPM (APHD, aldehyde–dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives and KPHD, ketone dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives) and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in blood plasma and liver samples. Results: AC2 administration promoted significant myeloprotective effect: 1.5-fold increase in leukocytes, 2-fold in neutrophils, 1.5-fold in lymphocytes, and 1.23-fold in platelet count compared to the experimental Melphalan Group. At the same time, AC1 administration resulted in a slight increase in haematological parameters. Both ACs positively corrected important, but diverse, components of oxidative stress. They significantly reduced oxidative modification of blood and liver proteins (especially the AC1 form), normalized the level of reduced glutathione, pro-oxidant/antioxidant ratio and other markers. For some markers, such as ROS production in blood plasma, the use of enterosorbents resulted in non-significant a shift towards normal parameters. Conclusions: Oral activated carbon adsorbents reduce oxidative stress intensity and myelotoxicity; they can be promising means to combat the adverse effects of chemotherapy in clinical practice.

Melatonin chelates iron and binds directly with phenylhydrazine to provide protection against phenylhydrazine induced oxidative damage in red blood cells along with its antioxidant mechanisms: an in vitro study

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudeshna Paul ◽  
Shamreen Naaz ◽  
Arnab Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Sanatan Mishra ◽  
Aindrila Chattopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Protective Effects

Oxidative stress is an important causative factor for a number of diseases. Phenylhydrazine (PHZ) is a widely accepted model for studying hemolytic anemia by induction of oxidative stress. In the present study, goat red blood cells (RBCs) were incubated in vitro with PHZ (1mM) to generate oxidative stress. To test whether melatonin exhibits protective effects on PHZ induced RBC damage and to explore its potential molecular mechanisms, different concentrations of melatonin (5, 10, 20 and 40 nmoles/ml) were also included. PHZ caused altered profiles on biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidative as well as glucose metabolic enzymes in RBCs. These alterations indicated a development of oxidative stress. Melatonin at a concentration of 40 nmoles/ml provided optimal protection against all alterations induced by PHZ. The important cellular membrane proteins, including spectrin and actin, were also damaged by PHZ and this led to RBC deformation similar to that of observed in severe β-thalassaemia; the RBC deformation was also prevented by melatonin. Binding profiles of melatonin with PHZ and ferrous iron indicated favorable binding of melatonin with both of them, respectively. Thus, in addition to the direct antioxidant and free radical scavenging capability, melatonin also inhibited iron overloading by chelating iron and binding with the PHZ. This action of melatonin further reduces free radical generation. Based on the results, melatonin may provide therapeutic relevance to ß-thalassemia and other hemolytic RBC disorders involving oxidative stress. 

scholarly journals Carbonyl Stress in Red Blood Cells and Hemoglobin

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Olga V. Kosmachevskaya ◽  
Natalia N. Novikova ◽  
Alexey F. Topunov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Carbonyl Stress ◽  
First Case ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
In Blood Plasma

The paper overviews the peculiarities of carbonyl stress in nucleus-free mammal red blood cells (RBCs). Some functional features of RBCs make them exceptionally susceptible to reactive carbonyl compounds (RCC) from both blood plasma and the intracellular environment. In the first case, these compounds arise from the increased concentrations of glucose or ketone bodies in blood plasma, and in the second—from a misbalance in the glycolysis regulation. RBCs are normally exposed to RCC—methylglyoxal (MG), triglycerides—in blood plasma of diabetes patients. MG modifies lipoproteins and membrane proteins of RBCs and endothelial cells both on its own and with reactive oxygen species (ROS). Together, these phenomena may lead to arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, hemolytic anemia, vascular occlusion, local ischemia, and hypercoagulation phenotype formation. ROS, reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and RCC might also damage hemoglobin (Hb), the most common protein in the RBC cytoplasm. It was Hb with which non-enzymatic glycation was first shown in living systems under physiological conditions. Glycated HbA1c is used as a very reliable and useful diagnostic marker. Studying the impacts of MG, ROS, and RNS on the physiological state of RBCs and Hb is of undisputed importance for basic and applied science.

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